editorial comments

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12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. human colon carcinomas and its relationship to clinical behavior. J Natl Cancer Inst 69:15-22, 1982. Kokal W, Sheibani K, Terz I, et al.: Tumor DNA content in the prognosis of colocarcinoma. JAMA 255:3123-3127, 1986. Meling IG, Rognum OT, Clausen FO, et al.: Association between DNA ploidy pattern and cellular atypia in colorectal carcinomas: A new clinical application of DNA flow cytometric study? Cancer 67:1642-1649, 1991. Scott NA, Rainwater LM, Wieland HS, et al.: The relative prog- nostic value of flow cytometric DNA analysis and conventional clinicopathologic criteria in patients with operable rectal carci- noma. Dis Colon Rectum 30513-520, 1987. Rognum TO, Thorud E, Brandtzaeg P: Preservation of cytometric DNA distribution and epithelial marker expression after tumor progression of human large bowel carcinomas. Cancer 56: 1658- 1666, 1985. Melamed MR, Enker WE, Banner P, et al.: Flow cytometry of colorectal carcinoma with three-year follow-up. Dis Colon Rec- tum 29:184186, 1986. Vindelov LL, Christensen IJ, Nissen NI: A detergent-trypsin method for the preparation of nuclei for flow cytometric DNA analysis. Cytometry 3:323-327, 1983. Japanese Research Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum: General Rules for Clinical and Pathological Studies on Cancer of the Colon. Rectum and Anus. Jpn J Surg 13557-598, 1983. Brodeur GM, Seeger RC, Schwab H, et al.: Amplification of N-myc in untreated human neuroblastomas correlates with ad- vanced disease stage. Science 224:1121-1124, 1984. Slamon DJ, Godolphin W, Jones LA, et al.: Studies of the HER- 2ineu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer. Sci- ence 244:707-712, 1989. Falk VG, Gullick W: c-erbB-2 oncogene product staining in gas- tric adenocarcinoma. An immunohistochemical study. J Pathol Venter DJ, Tuzi NL, Kumar S, et al.: Over expression of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein human breast carcinomas: Immunohisto- chemical assessment correlates with gene amplification. Lancet Kadowaki T, Kasuga M, Tobe K, et al.: A Mr = 19,000 glycopro- tein phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in epidermal growth fac- tor stimulated KB cells is the product of the c-erbB-2 gene. Bio- chem Biophys Commun 144:699-704, 1987. 159:107-111, 1989. 2:69-71, 1987. 24. 25. 26. c-erbB-2 Protein in Colorectal Cancer 251 Cornelisse CJ, van de Velde CJH, Caspers RJC, et al.: DNA ploidy and survival in breast cancer patients. Cytometry 8:225- 234, 1987. Merkel ED, Mcguire LW: Ploidy, proliferative activity and prog- nosis DNA flow cytometry of solid tumors. Cancer 65:1194 1205, 1990. Hedley DW, Rugg CA, Alun BP, et al.: Influence of cellular DNA content on disease-free survival of stage I1 breast cancer patients. Cancer Res 44:5395-5398, 1984. EDITORIAL COMMENTS There are surprisingly few studies on the expression of epidermal growth factor receptors in colorectal cancers. The study by Nakae and colleagues makes an important contribution toward a better understanding of the biology and prognosis of these cancers. The observation that an- euploidy correlates with lymph node metastasis, whereas c-erbB-2 overexpression correlates with distant metasta- sis is exciting. An important question is whether the colorectal primary cancers begin as EGFR and c-erbB-2 positive or acquire this phenotype as the disease progresses. A deviation from their observation in a small sample of colon cancers that we grew in nude mice is that EGFR status did not correlate with the ability to grow in nude mice. Furthermore, in two cases, EGFR originally present in the donor tumor was lost upon transplantation into the mice. Nevertheless, the studies by Nakae can form a basis for larger studies. Satya Murthy, PhD Department of Surgery Evanston Hospital Evanston, Illinois 60201

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12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

human colon carcinomas and its relationship to clinical behavior. J Natl Cancer Inst 69:15-22, 1982. Kokal W, Sheibani K, Terz I, et al.: Tumor DNA content in the prognosis of colocarcinoma. JAMA 255:3123-3127, 1986. Meling IG, Rognum OT, Clausen FO, et al.: Association between DNA ploidy pattern and cellular atypia in colorectal carcinomas: A new clinical application of DNA flow cytometric study? Cancer 67:1642-1649, 1991. Scott NA, Rainwater LM, Wieland HS, et al.: The relative prog- nostic value of flow cytometric DNA analysis and conventional clinicopathologic criteria in patients with operable rectal carci- noma. Dis Colon Rectum 30513-520, 1987. Rognum TO, Thorud E, Brandtzaeg P: Preservation of cytometric DNA distribution and epithelial marker expression after tumor progression of human large bowel carcinomas. Cancer 56: 1658- 1666, 1985. Melamed MR, Enker WE, Banner P, et al.: Flow cytometry of colorectal carcinoma with three-year follow-up. Dis Colon Rec- tum 29:184186, 1986. Vindelov LL, Christensen IJ, Nissen NI: A detergent-trypsin method for the preparation of nuclei for flow cytometric DNA analysis. Cytometry 3:323-327, 1983. Japanese Research Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum: General Rules for Clinical and Pathological Studies on Cancer of the Colon. Rectum and Anus. Jpn J Surg 13557-598, 1983. Brodeur GM, Seeger RC, Schwab H, et al.: Amplification of N-myc in untreated human neuroblastomas correlates with ad- vanced disease stage. Science 224:1121-1124, 1984. Slamon DJ, Godolphin W, Jones LA, et al.: Studies of the HER- 2ineu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer. Sci- ence 244:707-712, 1989. Falk VG, Gullick W: c-erbB-2 oncogene product staining in gas- tric adenocarcinoma. An immunohistochemical study. J Pathol

Venter DJ, Tuzi NL, Kumar S, et al.: Over expression of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein human breast carcinomas: Immunohisto- chemical assessment correlates with gene amplification. Lancet

Kadowaki T, Kasuga M, Tobe K, et al.: A Mr = 19,000 glycopro- tein phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in epidermal growth fac- tor stimulated KB cells is the product of the c-erbB-2 gene. Bio- chem Biophys Commun 144:699-704, 1987.

159:107-111, 1989.

2:69-71, 1987.

24.

25.

26.

c-erbB-2 Protein in Colorectal Cancer 251

Cornelisse CJ, van de Velde CJH, Caspers RJC, et al.: DNA ploidy and survival in breast cancer patients. Cytometry 8:225- 234, 1987. Merkel ED, Mcguire LW: Ploidy, proliferative activity and prog- nosis DNA flow cytometry of solid tumors. Cancer 65:1194 1205, 1990. Hedley DW, Rugg CA, Alun BP, et al.: Influence of cellular DNA content on disease-free survival of stage I1 breast cancer patients. Cancer Res 44:5395-5398, 1984.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS There are surprisingly few studies on the expression of

epidermal growth factor receptors in colorectal cancers. The study by Nakae and colleagues makes an important contribution toward a better understanding of the biology and prognosis of these cancers. The observation that an- euploidy correlates with lymph node metastasis, whereas c-erbB-2 overexpression correlates with distant metasta- sis is exciting. An important question is whether the colorectal primary cancers begin as EGFR and c-erbB-2 positive or acquire this phenotype as the disease progresses. A deviation from their observation in a small sample of colon cancers that we grew in nude mice is that EGFR status did not correlate with the ability to grow in nude mice. Furthermore, in two cases, EGFR originally present in the donor tumor was lost upon transplantation into the mice. Nevertheless, the studies by Nakae can form a basis for larger studies.

Satya Murthy, PhD

Department of Surgery Evanston Hospital

Evanston, Illinois 60201