edu sem 8.docx

TEACHERS AND CURRENT CHALLENGES

My Profile

APPRECIATION

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS

3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

4.0 CHALLENGES AND 4 WAYS TO OVERCOME THE ISSUE

5.0 IMPLICATION ON TEACHING AND LEARNING AND THE CHARACTERISTIC

OF TEACHERS.

6.0 SUMMARY

7.0 REFLECTION

REFERRENCES

CONTENTS


APPRECIATION

Alhamdulillah, thanks are due to God for His permission, Finally I be able to

complete my assignments Leadership and Professional Development of Teachers

(EDU 3083) within the time frame specified.

Our thanks to the infinite dedicated to the lecturer,

Mr Azni bin Jaafar because has provided guidance, direction and encouragement.

He is very good in delivering knowledge and helped me in this coursework.

In addition, thanks are also due to colleagues who have helped and inspire me

in completing this task. Without the help and assistance from them definitely I will

face hardships and difficulties in completing the task.

Finally, once again thanks to all those involved directly or indirectly in the

process of completing work assignments of Teachers and Current Challenges.

Thank you,


1.0 Introduction

Teaching is a very worthy man so Usman Awang's words reveal his

appreciation to the teachers in his essay poem entitled "Oh Guru ". There is no

beginning of a successful man in the absence of a teacher. The word "sacrifice" is

synonymous with the teacher. However, despite the sacrifices and services of a

teacher, teaching the world are not free in the presence of various issues that attract

the masses to be said and should be considered so that the welfare and

professionalism of the teaching can be improved.

According to the Oxford Dictionary (1970), 'teacher' means educators. If

described in more detail later, educators means of keeping and training. Instructor is

guidance to others, and caregivers who give meaning to preserve, protect and

educate. While teaching is something that has relevance to the field of studying or

getting knowledge such as schools, places of learning, teaching and learning and

any matters connected with the teacher.

Accountability also means teaching responsibilities that must be understood

and implemented by a teacher. Teacher accountability also means respect for the

professionalism of the teaching responsibilities of teachers. Accountability or

responsibility of a teacher referred to above include accountability teachers to

students, the teacher's own self, school, community and country, and the teaching

profession in general.

In the era of rapid globalization, among other issues surrounding the teaching

profession is the issue of student discipline problems at school. Crime among

teenagers causing criticized school functions and is considered as the cause of the

increase in crime in community.


Juvenile problems (crime committed by young people in school), as a rogue,

joining a motorcycle gang, extortion, punching teachers, damaging school property,

stealing, cheating, rape, gambling and intoxication reflect the institutional

weaknesses of the school as a social control mechanism teens.

Increasing social ills and juvenile crime is a manifestation of the crisis and

the collapse of the moral high ground in the community. Juvenile crime is a product

of social and cultural community. Many teenagers are also said to be the community

that will shape the country's future. This fact cannot be denied. They are the natural

wealth that will play an important role in the political, economic and social state.

However, the problem of juvenile probation is a threat to human resources affects

the nation in the long run. Therefore, all the social problems faced by adolescents

should be contained and resolved not to continue to threaten this invaluable asset.

2.0 Definition of concepts

Discipline is the required action by a teacher toward a student (or group of

students), after the student's behaviour disrupts the on-going educational activity or

breaks a pre - established rule created by the teacher, the school administration or

the general society.

Discipline refers to a systematic instruction given to a disciple, a student. To

discipline means to instruct a person to follow a particular code of conduct. Usually,

the phrase “to discipline” carries a negative connotation. This is because

enforcement of order,that is, ensuring that instructions are carried out is often

regulated through punishment. Consequently, in the field of child development,

discipline refers to methods of modelling character and of teaching self -control and

acceptable behaviour.


To be disciplined is then, subject to content, either a virtue, which may be

referred to as discipline procedure or a euphemism for punishment, which may also

be referred to as disciplinary procedure (Reyes, 2006).

School discipline refers to regulation of children and the maintenance of order

(“rules”) in schools. These rules may, for example, define the expected standards of

clothing, timekeeping, social behaviour and work ethics. The term may be applied to

the punishment which is the consequence of transgression of the code of behaviour.

For this reason, the usage of school discipline sometimes means the administration

of punishment, rather than behaving within the school rules.

Student discipline problems in schools today has become a hot issue

discussed. It not only involves the schools , the Education Ministry but also involve

the police in taking action against the students involved because this problem is not

just a minor problem but there are already beyond the problem of crime.

At school, discipline is the rules imposed on students with the purpose of

controlling their behaviour through punishment. Pupils in the hope that good

behaviour and discipline yourself during teaching and learning activities. Disciplinary

mechanism to foster growth and create healthy relationships between all school

communities.

According to members of the social psychology of human behaviour generally

categorized into two namely positive behaviours (prosaically) and negative

behaviours (antisocial). Misconduct or disciplinary problems are included in the

category of antisocial someone who has the potential to commit crimes.

Haimowitz Morris states in his article, "Crime is created, not born." One student

behaviour refers to behaviour or deviant behaviour deviates from the norms of


reliable and practiced in a society with a form of treatment that is contrary to the

rules of the crimes committed laws by an individual who has not attained the age of

majority (Community Hall, June, 2000).

Effective discipline is essential to creating safe, supportive learning

environments for all students, which is critical to academic achievement. Since the

passage of zero tolerance policies in the early 1990s, many school districts have

relied on punitive discipline focused on harsh strategies such as using suspension

and expulsion as primary disciplinary actions for even minor misconduct.

Unfortunately, as school psychologists know, purely punitive discipline is ineffective

at best and often even counterproductive, denying students vital learning time and

undermining the overall school climate.

The good news is that policy makers and school districts are beginning to

respond to the growing evidence that punitive discipline does not work, and to take a

serious look at alternative approaches. School psychologists are in an ideal position

to assist schools in creating safe learning environments by working closely with

administrators and staff.

They have unique training in children's psychological and educational

development as well as behaviour management to facilitate the implementation of

effective school-wide and targeted positive discipline strategies. Helping one's school

establish such a policy may seem overwhelming in the face of the immediate needs

of disruptive students; however, getting buy-in from key stakeholders and decision

makers can start with some simple, basic steps at the start of the school year. The

authors discuss these basic steps.


3.0 Literature review

This study, however, focused on the discipline problem that happened in the

school area. The literature review will include on previous research on the discipline

problem in school recently. According to Kaufman et al., 2000, said about 16% of

public school principals reported any serious discipline problem at their schools and

about 11% of school board leaders report that school violence is a major concern in

their districts said Hess, 2002.

Reyes, 2006 in his research said, in the field of child development, discipline

refers to methods of modelling character and of teaching self-control and acceptable

behaviour. To be disciplined is then, subject to content, either a virtue, which may be

referred to as discipline procedure or a euphemism for punishment, which may also

be referred to as disciplinary procedure.

Schon, D(1983) states that every child has a need to attend school. Schools

are seen as provider of education as education is an important process that each

individual has to undergo in life today. This is even so in this digital age as the world

is more globalized and information communication technology takes root in every

aspect of our life. Thus, education is seen as the key to unlock the treasure- trove of

knowledge.

Over the years, the infliction of corporal punishment on recalcitrant children

has been an accepted method of promoting good behaviour and instilling notion of

responsibility and decorum into the heads of mischievous students as Chianu, 2007

in his research. It is presumed that any parent who sends a child to school gives this

authority to school officials. But the desirability and effectiveness of corporal

punishment have been called to question in recent times. While some parents,

teachers and school administrators favour the use of corporal punishment, others

are strongly opposed to its use in schools.


The discipline problem in schools is ranked as a major problem among

students of primary and secondary schools in Malaysia. Disruptive behaviour is a

concern to schools and parents and to fellow students, whose education may be

adversely affected. So it can’t be ignored, and schools must tailor a well understood

sound behaviour and discipline policy.

“Some who support [more] coercive strategies assume that children will run

wild if they are not controlled. However, the children for whom this is true typically

turn out to be those accustomed to being controlled— those who are not trusted,

given explanations, encouraged to think for themselves, helped to develop and

internalize good values, and so on. Control breeds the need for more control, which

is used to justify the use of control.” By Alfie Kohn(2007)

“Independence is useful, but caring attitudes and behaviors shrivel up in a culture

where each person is responsible only for himself.” By Alfie Kohn

Despite this, the preponderance of school policies on discipline is actually

punishment policies (Lewis 1997). Their relative neglect of preventive measures will

inevitably lead to failure and frustration as it is always more effective to prevent

difficulties than to correct them once they have arisen (Maag 2001).

Some of the breaking news highlighted in the mass media has portrayed the

school with students of misbehaving characters. Some even goes to the extent of

considering the case of misbehaviours as criminal problem. Lim Kit Siang, the

opposition leader in parliament quoted in New Straits Times on April 04, 2004 as

“Truancy is a school and not criminal problem- Hishamuddin should not pass the

buck to police on what is basically a test of the success of education system.”


Furthermore, according to a report by New Straits Times on August 2005, an

average of seven school children are arrested every day and three of them on

average of between 13 and 15 years. This numbers are almost to the level of

juvenile delinquents who are school dropouts. Based on the report school children

constituted almost half of all under 18 who were arrested for crimes since 2003 and

were involved in almost one per-cent of all criminal cases in 2002 and 2003

(NUTP,2005). Lok Yim Pheng, secretary-general of the National Union of Teaching

Profession who attended the seminar on Malaysian teachers whip school girls to

boost classroom discipline published in NST on 28 Nov 2007, said sometimes the

girls are even more daring than the boys. It’s high time to put these girls in order by

caning them.

4.0 Challenges and 4 ways to overcome the issue.

Discipline is a hot topic in a school nowadays. Now, the world becomes more

challenging. The burden of teachers becomes greater that requires patience and

accountability are absolutely fantastic. In the past, teachers often glorified and

admired as a man who respected by students, parents and society as a whole. But

today we hear most often students do not respect their teachers. Teachers belittled

by parents of students who have a relatively good standard of living. Teachers sued

for offenses that are not commensurate with the sacrifices given. Respect student’s

fades with pride that parents do not emphasize education and pointed fingers at

teachers on offense, forgetfulness and indifference in educating their own children.

Too often, schools fail to understand that maintaining safety, including the

correction of misbehaviour, is a prerequisite for developing self-discipline, but it is not

sufficient. Schools and other institutions that are effective in establishing and

maintaining order and safety are not necessarily effective in developing self-

discipline or in preventing future behaviour problems. This is most evident when

adult supervision, systematic rewards, clear rules and expectations, and

consequences for misbehaviour are the primary techniques used to manage

behaviour.


When those external techniques are later removed, individuals are expected

to function independently after having learned little other than ‘‘don’t get caught.’’

Prisons provide an excellent example of reliance on external control, as do many

schools that adopt a similar zero-tolerance mind-set.

Students are priceless assets and most essential elements in education. It is

absolutely necessary to direct students to exhibit acceptable attitude and behaviour

within and outside the school. In an attempt to achieve an organized and peaceful

school environment and maintain law and order, school management specifies rules

and regulations to guide the activities of members of the educational organisation.

Student’s discipline is a prerequisite to almost everything a school has to offer

students (Selfert and Vornberg, 2002). Seifert and Vornberg further link discipline

with both the culture and climate of the school thus: “In order for a satisfactory

climate to exist within a school, a certain level of discipline must exist”.

In schools where discipline is a serious problem, for example, where students

bully others, parents can transfer their children to ‘better’ schools and because the

well behaved usually perform well (Rigby, 2000), their transfer can affect the overall

performance of that school. Troublesome students can sometimes make teachers

react emotionally to the extent of using punishment. But punishment, instead of

curbing behaviour, can aggravate it (Dreikurs et al., 1998).

With recent increase in school enrolment, students discipline problems are

bound to accentuate and cause more burdens on teachers and school

administrators. Students’ indiscipline has plagued schools leading to series of unrest.

It is observed that students resort to unconstitutional measures in challenging their

grievances; and it is not unusual that schools have been blamed for the awkward

and uncivilized behaviour demonstrated by the students.


This situation has been a major concern to parents and those in the school

community who suggest that disciplinary strategies be applied by teachers and that

rapport be created between students and teachers as a systematic way to solving

the problems.

Today, most teachers instruct children for only part of the day to have fewer

opportunities to form class relationship in large classes and schools. There are

alleged cases of teachers being threatened by students in course of discharging their

lawful duties.

In some cases, the attacks have been violent. In the midst of these problems,

there is a growing debate over the declining standard of education due to incessant

students’ unrest and the attendant blame on teachers. These are the mostly

discipline problem that the school faced among the students; truancy is one

discipline problems that are often done by students every day. Truancy is defined as

the act of distancing themselves from school without the consent of a parent or

teacher (Mohd. Nor Long, 1982, 2 ) . Another problem is,disciplinary problems often

raised are the problem coming late to school. They come to school without thinking

about it casually interferes with teaching and learning process. Coming late to school

is uncommon and it has no end.

One more problem in the school is the smoking problem. In this industrial era,

smoking has become a hobby for everyone to enjoy paced modern life. By that

smoking has become a discipline problem that cannot be guarded with fully. Most

students especially students first man trapped by the act of smoking to eliminate

tension or emotional distress. Problem extortion among students is also worsening

today. Usually groups of students blackmail has its own gang and he called the '

gangster '.Another problem is the students who sniff glue, ecstasy pills and may lead

to drug abuse. This problem has gained widespread coverage in our country now.


In the school system, discipline is necessary for the effective management,

if the goals of the schools are to be accomplished. It is an element of managerial

tasks that involves the measurement and correction of the performance of the

subordinates to make sure that the objectives of the academic industry and plans

desired to attain them are accomplished. Discipline in school organisation includes

any rational approach used by teachers to overcome the problems of the school

environment. To bring about effective discipline of students, the school formulates a

set of rules to guide the conduct of students.

The power of teachers to discipline students in the school stems from the

doctrine of teachers acting in in-loco parentis, that is, on behalf of the parents with

respect to the education of their children.

In an effort to prevent and resolve students’ discipline problems and ensure

efficient functioning of schools, there has to be reasonable disciplinary policies and

procedures. In addition, various disciplinary approach such as corporal punishment,

suspension and expulsion, exclusion and civil rights issues.

Where order is lacking, the school system crumbles. The upright will be

squeezed into the mild of the wicked, the school environment will be unsafe for the

good and right hearted because of the activities of the bullies. Therefore, even if the

teacher cannot turn the wayward to the path of rectitude, they should at least rescue

the quiet and peaceable from the incorrigible. This is because if the teacher fails in

this duty and harm is done to any child, which is direct consequence of the school

teacher’s lack of supervision, the school will be liable in tort (Imaguezor, 1997.)


In an effort to prevent and resolve student discipline problems and ensure

efficient functioning of the school, there has to be reasonable disciplinary policies

and procedures. These policies and procedure are made more specific at individual

school levels as rules and regulations. To be legally enforceable, school rules and

regulations are to be reasonable, have educational purpose and be administratively

feasible. The reason able-ness of rules and regulations cannot be decided in the

abstract except in the context of the application or fact of the situation.

Another way to solve the discipline problem in the school is by using the

reward power. The reward power involves the ability or potential ability to bestow

some rewards upon the person whose behaviour the teacher is attempting to

influence. While it is necessary for the teacher to bestow some rewards upon the

students the teacher should not make such rewards too frequent, otherwise the

rewards would lose their value. While parents may offer their pupils material rewards

like money and clothes, the teacher’s reward should be symbolic and immaterial.

5.0 Implications for teaching and learning and the characteristics of teachers.

There are many challenges for teacher to teach discipline to form a moral

generation at present and the future is very important. Where a teacher not only

imparting knowledge but develop skilled human intellectually, spiritually, emotionally,

physically and spiritually. The disciplined teacher plays a role in relation to providing

assistance and spirit, observing and forming a noble character and discipline so that

students adhere to school rules and norms of the family and society.

The teacher should serve to identify and develop the potential of students.

The teacher's role is very important in determining the pattern of development of a

country. We need to realize that the success of the country until now, most is

attributed to the teaching profession. This is because of the preparation for the


production of the nation's workforce in all sectors ranging from schools that definitely

need the service and honoured teachers. Teachers are human model of good

behaviour. Teachers must be free of negative attitude and narrow in terms of race,

class, social and economic downturns.

It should be noted that, a teacher has always been a concern of society,

especially parents who often find fault with the teacher if the teacher made a mistake

perhaps legal action will be taken. A teacher should show the best example so that

teachers can be a role model to the community, parents and students. So, as a

teacher, we should correct and be a good character and morality ourselves before

advice or admonish students to honour and uphold our students as a role model.

Emotions should be controlled by the teachers themselves and should also abstain

from any tension that may interfere with duties.

Times have changed, the increase in intellectual, academic, environmental

and modernization has changed the modern society is more educated and

knowledge-able. Therefore discipline teachers need to be prepared mentally and

physically.

In other words, the teacher must have a teacher of values and ethics that lead

to harmony and religious values are determined in the process of nation state

formation. Perceived that education is one important aspect in making of hopes and

aspirations of the country to become a developed country and a world class,

teachers also need to prepare themselves with the characteristics of the best

educators that can assist in the formation of the nation state brilliant. A teacher must

also have personal characteristics, interpersonal characteristics, professional

characteristics, good intellectual traits, full of skills in the management, creative and

innovative, master of the pedagogy, can apply theory to practice and practice lifelong

learning methodology. All of these features are very important for a person to be


teacher that is memorable, dignified and skilled for making the process of nation-

state formation successfully.

The teacher's role becomes increasingly important, even more so in the era of

globalization. Limited teacher accountability is now not growing like it used instead.

Precisely that, teachers need to gain more knowledge through the use of technology

and method latest teaching.

Secondly, teachers must have the attitude to lifelong learning his deep it is

very important to the teachers themselves. It is his deep by following exercise most

discussions for several years, should not the teacher ensure that someone trained to

eternity. Conversely, if the teacher does not have the attitude to learn and increase

knowledge after the training, the teacher will be missed and profession teacher might

lose his dignity.

Third, teachers need to have a commitment to ensuring students receive the

qualities of education. One of the ways teachers may improve teacher profession

dignity is through the brilliance decisions where local people make judgments on

teachers’ teaching. Precisely that, teachers need to provide education to the quality

students.

Finally, teachers need to take the opportunity to improve themselves by

receiving more exposure to the latest developments in the field of education through

the exercise so that the grace period is obtained shall be submitted to more crowded

other teachers.


6.0 Summary

In conclusion, the world of education today faces so many challenges and

constraints. Unity of action among teachers, parents and the community, as well as

the authorities claimed to address these challenges. Proposal to add teachers and

counsellors at school discipline should be realized.

Recognizing the role of the teacher is very great and challenging

assignments, teachers and prospective teachers should be willing to prepare

themselves to become teachers who have high resilience and is not inferior to the

challenge for region. cited part of the Philosophy of Education "Education in Malaysia

is an on-going effort towards further developing the potential of individuals in a

holistic and integrated approach to creating a balanced and harmonious

intellectually, spiritually, emotionally, and physically, "the teacher even before

becoming part of a group of citizens who formed a balanced physically, emotionally

and spiritually, need to educate and train themselves have physically healthy,

emotionally strong, spiritually and intellectually sound that always forward.

Based on the above description clearly shows that the role of educators in

creating a stable and progressive society is extremely important. It will determine the

direction and future of a country. Educators today not only in school play alone but

all the filling and poured skills will develop into a new paradigm that will drive the

country to achieve the goal. Naturally, this educator, dignity placed on high and how

high we put knowledge as the basis of life on this earth.


7.0 Reflection

Alhamdulillah, all thanks to God who has given a chance, opportunity and

inspiration abound to complete a short course of Teachers and Current Challenges

(EDU3093). There are many benefits that I have gained in completing the task. This

task was done individually.

Among the objectives of the course work is the first teacher to describe the

duties of teachers in school management. Second, explain the professionalism of

teachers can be improved. Third, the proposed programme of teacher development

is accomplished. This task also aims to hone the basic leadership and

professionalism of teachers in to survive all challenges in real-world jobs. In addition,

this task can also help the teachers to improve their skills to select information

relevant to the task, and analyze the information to be presented as a work of

quality.

Many new experiences that I gained during the process of completing a

specific work are carried out. Indeed, this task is significant because through these

tasks can I strengthen my knowledge on the topic of study subjects. This

assignment, the teacher will give exposure to my knowledge to prepare them in

facing the working environment better quality teachers and dedicated.

The first thing I do is look for information. The search is done in the library

near my neighbourhood. I had to borrow some books to be consulted when

completing the task. Among the books that attract my attention is the book titled

Sonia Blandford (1998). Managing Discipline in School. The book gives a description

of the work ethics that must be observed by the teacher to teach and how to manage

a good discipline in school.


While doing this task, I had a lot of obstacles experienced. The first is due to

the constraints of time and health. However the guidance of the lecturer,

Mr Azni bin Jaafar and classmates caused me to complete this task successfully.

In terms of the advantages that I gained during the completion of this

particular work is the first I was able to gain a better understanding of the challenges

in the form of personal teachers and disciplined students towards moral character

better. Teachers challenge now is to ignore the elements of student differences and

give their best to create a generation that has identity to curb social problems among

teenagers.

This is because; the teachers who give different treatment will cause the

pupils a sense of deprivation. This feeling will create a gap between students'

attention is often given to students who do not have the proper rights. Sometimes

teachers are more in favour of building the discipline of students. This should be

avoided altogether.

Second, this assignment made me realize the importance and advantage to

the community with my career. In other words, a teacher must have a teaching

values and ethics consistent and focused on religious values rooted in the nation

building process. Since education is one important aspect in the success of the

hopes and aspirations of the country to become a developed nation and a world-

class, teachers should prepare themselves with the characteristics of the best

educators that can help the process of nation building excellence.

Teachers and Current Challenges may look easy to solve, but this task has

made a huge impact on me. Awareness of the importance of creating a vision and

disciplined students can affect the goodness of our nation, thus creating a multi-

ethnic society that is united in line with Vision 2020.


I am also grateful for the subject of Edu 3093; Teachers and Current

Challenges teach by Mr Azni Bin Jaafar. This is because, for me he is an

experienced lecturer, cheerful attitude, a good hearted person.

Finally, I hope that this task can make me as a human being useful in the

future. This new knowledge made me more mature and eager to face the

challenging task after this. I also hope that this work will become the determining

point in life as a teacher of excellence, glory and distinction later. Finally, I express

my gratitude to all parties involved in order to complete this task.


References

Books

Alfie Kohn.(2007) Beyond Discipline: From Compliance to Community

Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (10th Anniv. edition)

Louise Porter(2007) Student Behaviour: Theory and Practice for Teachers

Allen & Unwin, (3rd edition)

Mark B and Christine.B (2007) The Educator's Guide to Assessing and Improving

School Discipline Programs Association for Supervision and Curriculum

Development.

Mohamad Bukhari Bin Mat Ghani (2010). Masalah Disiplin Pelajar Sekolah Di

Daerah Kulaijaya.,University Teknologi Malaysia.

Noriati A. Rashid, Boon Pong Ying, Wong Kiet Wah, Asas Kepimpinan dan

Perkembangan Profesional Guru, 2010, Kuala Lumpur terbitan Oxford Fajar

Richard Arum and Melissa Velez (2012) Improving Learning Environments: School

Discipline and Student Achievement in Comparative Perspective Stanford

University Press Managing Discipline in Schools

Sonia Blandford (1998). Managing Discipline in School, Routledge.


Syed Ismail Bin Syed Mustafa, Ahmad Subki Bin Miskon, Asas Kepimpinan dan

Perkembangan Profesional Guru, 2010, Kuala Lumpur terbitan Multimedia

Sdn Bhd.

Syed Ismail & Ahmad Subki (2010). Asas Kepimpinan dan Perkembangan

Profesional. Selangor: Penerbitan Multimedia Sdn. Bhd.

Articles and Journals

E.D Nakpodia, 2010 Teachers’ disciplinary approaches to students’ discipline

problems in Nigerian secondary schools Department of Educational

Administration and Policy Studies Delta State University, Abraka

Evans and Katherine; Lester and Jessica. Classroom Management and Discipline:

Responding to the Needs of Young Adolescents Middle School Journal, Vol.

41, No. 3, January 2010

edu sem 8.docx

Documents

accountability teachers

teacher accountability

teaching profession

characteristic of teachers

work assignments of

juvenile crime

damaging school property

criticized school functions