educating in-unique ways-activities-mining_matters

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These activities were presented as part of presentation at the 2015 STAO conference, “Educating in Unique ways: Why WHERE Matters” Delivered by Mining Matters Teacher Training and School Programs, November 12 at 10:30 AM. If you attended to session, contact Mining Matters about acquiring samples so that you can do the same activities with your students schoolprograms@miningmatters ca do the same activities with your students schoolprograms@miningmatters.ca 1

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Page 1: Educating in-unique ways-activities-mining_matters

These activities were presented as part of presentation at the 2015 STAO conference, “Educating in Unique ways: Why WHERE Matters” 

Delivered by Mining Matters Teacher Training and School Programs, November 12 at 10:30 AM.

If you attended to session, contact Mining Matters about acquiring samples so that you can do the same activities with your students schoolprograms@miningmatters cado the same activities with your students [email protected] 

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Page 2: Educating in-unique ways-activities-mining_matters

Everything comes from somewhereDistinguish between 1. Renewable resource 

(http://education.nationalgeographic.com/encyclopedia/renewable‐energy/)2. Non renewable resource (http://education.nationalgeographic.com/encyclopedia/non‐

renewable‐energy/)

If it cannot be grown it has to be minedIf it cannot be grown it has to be minedExplain the difference between1. Soft rock; geology dealing with sedimentary rocks. 2. Hard‐rock; relating to igneous or metamorphic rocks, as in mining (hard‐rock mining) 

and geology  

Learn more here, http://www.manitoba.ca/iem/min‐ed/teensrock/history/index.html

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Page 3: Educating in-unique ways-activities-mining_matters

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The ability to make observations is a core skill of scientists. Ob iObservation …

• is systematic perception• is taking note• takes training and practice• creates organised communities

Observe the rock's structure (at arm's length). (a) Does it have layers and what size and shape are they?(a) Does it have layers, and what size and shape are they? (b) Do the layers have ripples or waves or folds? (c) Is the rock bubbly? (d) Is it lumpy? (e) Is it cracked, and are the cracks healed? (f) Is it neatly organized, or is it jumbled? (g) Does it split easily? (h) Does it look like one kind of material has invaded another?(h) Does it look like one kind of material has invaded another?

Observe the rock's texture, (naked eye)… now close up (hands lens). What kind of particles is it made of, and how do they fit together? What's between the particles? 

This is usually where you may first decide if your rock is igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic. The choice may not be clear. Observations you make after this should help confirm or contradict

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Page 5: Educating in-unique ways-activities-mining_matters

Pumice – igneousUses: abrasive, especially in polishes, pencil erasers, cosmetic exfoliants, and the production of stone‐washed jeans; often used during the pedicure process to remove dry and excess skin from the bottom of the foot as well as calluses(For more info visit, http://aboutpumice.com/pumice‐uses.html)

Marble – metamorphicUses: used for architecture and sculptures; in pharmaceuticals and agriculture (chemicalUses: used for architecture and sculptures; in pharmaceuticals and agriculture (chemical properties); in cosmetics, paint and paper (optical properties); and in crushed stoneprepared for construction projects(For more info visit, http://www.mineralszone.com/stones/marble.html)

Sandstone – sedimentary Uses: used in production of the glass products, blended concretes and gravels; a building material; and construction materials for monuments and tombstones. For more information, visit http://www.mineralszone.com/stones/sandstone.html

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Page 6: Educating in-unique ways-activities-mining_matters

Explain the meaning of the word, ore:

A mineral deposit that is sufficiently rich (concentrated) to be worked at a profit is called an ore deposit, and in an ore deposit the assemblage of ore minerals plus gangue is called the ore.

Gangue = host rock, associated waste rock 

The grade of an ore can vary (high / low) related to concentration of the mineral that is inThe grade of an ore can vary (high / low), related to concentration of the mineral that is in the rock

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Specular Hematite ‐ Fe2O3

Weak to no magnetism NOTE: Hematite is not magnetic and should not respond to a common magnet. However, many specimens of hematite contain sufficient amounts of magnetite to make it attracted to a common magnet(http://www.mindat.org/min‐5574.html)

Magnetite ‐Magnetic iron ore, Fe3O4, one of the three common naturally‐occurring oxides of ironof ironStrong magnetism(http://www.mindat.org/min‐2538.html)

Chalcopyrite  ‐ CuFeS2, a major ore of copper; it is the most abundant copper‐bearing mineral and is widespreadGood electrical conductor(http://www.mindat.org/min‐955.html)

Secondary source of mineral information http://geology.com/minerals/

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Page 8: Educating in-unique ways-activities-mining_matters

What is a mineral? The definition of "mineral" used by most geologists a substance must fi imeet five requirements: 

• naturally occurring• inorganic• solid• definite chemical composition• ordered internal structure

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Page 9: Educating in-unique ways-activities-mining_matters

What is diaphaneity?  ‐ is a function of the way light interacts with the surface of a substance; three possible interactions(a) light enters and exits, substance in relatively undisturbed fashion, then the substance is 

referred to as transparent(b) light can enter and exit the surface of the substance, but in a disturbed and distorted 

fashion, then the substance is referred to as translucent(c) light cannot penetrate the surface of the substance, then the substance is referred to as

opaqueopaque

BUT is what you are seeing the actual colour of the samples? E.g. green, purple, milky white…?

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Three main factors cause minerals to vary in colour:1. a mineral may get its color from tiny amounts of an element that is not part of its 

normal chemical makeup;2. a mineral’s colour can change when it is at or near Earth’s surface and is in 

contact with the atmosphere or water; and 3. mineral crystals can have defects in their crystal structures that change their colour.

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Page 11: Educating in-unique ways-activities-mining_matters

Halite – top left, white streakBeryl – top right, harder then than streak plateAmethyst and Milky Quartz – BOTH a different species of Quartz (SiO2)

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Although distinctive for some minerals, colour is often not a reliable mineral property as it can show considerable variation within a mineral; minute amounts of impurities can change the colour of a mineral dramatically, especially that of usually colourless or white minerals

Streak Test ‐ The colour of a mineral when powdered and observed against an unglazed white porcelain plate; minerals with a hardness of more than 6.5 will not exhibit a streak as they are harder than a piece of unglazed porcelain; a sample of pure quartz is clear andas they are harder than a piece of unglazed porcelain; a sample of pure quartz is clear and colourless, but tiny amounts of iron can give quartz a violet colour. This violet variety of quartz is called amethyst. 

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Page 13: Educating in-unique ways-activities-mining_matters

These activities were presented as part of presentation at the 2015 STAO conference, “Educating in Unique ways: Why WHERE Matters” 

Delivered by Mining Matters Teacher Training and School Programs, November 12 at 10:30 AM.

If you attended to session, contact Mining Matters about acquiring samples so that you can do the same activities with your students schoolprograms@miningmatters cado the same activities with your students [email protected] 

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