education and change: the linguistic and cultural practices of teenagers in catalonia
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Education and change: the linguistic and cultural practices of teenagers in Catalonia. Vanessa Bretxa CUSC - University Center of Sociolinguistics and Communication University of Barcelona. RESOL: A longitudinal project (2006-2015). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Education and change: the linguistic and cultural practices of teenagers in Catalonia
Vanessa BretxaCUSC- University Center of Sociolinguistics and CommunicationUniversity of Barcelona
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RESOL: A longitudinal project (2006-2015)• RESOL- Resocialization and languages : the linguistic
effects from primary to secondary education in multilingual contexts.
• Funded by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
• Research team: F.Xavier Vila (UB) (PI), Llorenç Comajoan (UVic), Joan Melià (UIB), Vanessa Bretxa (UB), Natxo Sorolla (UB) and Cristina Illamola(UB).
• Main goal: To study the transition from primary to secondary education and its impact in sociolinguistic practices.
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Starting point of the project• The assessment (success or failure) of bilingual education
in Catalonia is a complex matter.• Knowledge of Catalan among young people and teenagers
has increased significantly compared with previous generations (Torres et al. 2005, EULP, 2008).
• Knowledge of Catalan by youth has not necessarily had a consequence in their use of Catalan (Galindo and Vila 2009).
• Some authors have attempted to explain part of this process by examining the transition from childhood to youth (Vila 2010; Pujolar et al. 2010).
• Question: Is there a change in the use of Catalan between primary and secondary education?
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The complexity of language practice (Vila 2004, 2010)
• Language competence refers to the individual’s ability to use one language
• Language use refers to how individuals put their linguistic competence into practice in interaction with other individuals
• Linguistic representations (or ideology) are related to attitudes, values, and ideas that speakers have about language
• Linguistic system refers to the purely linguistic items that make up a language and that are the object of study of formal linguistics
System (Corpus)
Use (Practice)
Representacions Competence (Ideologies) (Acquisition)
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Dimensions of study and data instruments
Language use• Family Language
(L1, parents, siblings).
• Language of Cultural Consumption (TV, music, books, Internet)
• Language of social network
• Language of School
Language competence(declared and observed)• Catalan• Spanish
Linguistic ideologiesBeliefs and identifications• Linguistic self
confidence• Attitudes
towards Catalan and Spanish
• Ethnicity
Technique: Sociolinguistic questionnaire
Technique: Video-recorded linguistic competence assessment
Technique: Focus groups and Sociolinguistic questionnaire
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The RESOL project (2006-2015)• Focus on longitudinal data: Same sample and
instrument▫ 6P (age 12): Last year of primary education
(2007)▫ 1S (age 13): First year of secondary education
(2008)▫ 4S (age 16): Last year of secondary education (2011)▫ 2B(age 18): Last year of post-secondary (2013)
• Number of participants: 1194 (6th-1st – 4th)
• Catalan-speaking areas under study: ▫ Catalonia (Manlleu, Mataró, Sant Joan Despí, Sant
Just Desvern, Balaguer)▫ Aragon (La Franja)▫ Mallorca (Palma, Inca)
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Case study: Mataró (6P to 1S)- City in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona.
- 8th largest city in Catalonia
- Population: 119.858 hab. (2008)
- 15,6% immigrants (2008)
- 35 schoolsN: 888Sex: 49,1% boys and 50,9% girlsOrigin : 86,6% born in Catalonia and 13,6% born abroad.
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First Language (L1)“What language did you first speak at home when you were a
child?”
Primary (6P) Secondary (1S) Catalonia
31.9 31.8 31.7
18.5 17.23.8
40.2 41.955
9.4 9.2 9.3
Catalan Catalan & SpanishSpanish Other Language
Source: EULP 2008Source: RESOL 2007- 2008
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Proficiency in Catalan and Spanish (6P)
Understanding Speaking Reading Writing
9.3 9.0 9.08.4
9.5 9.3 9.38.8
Catalan Sapanish
Source: RESOL 2007
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Language inside the classroom (6P)
Students > Teachers Teachers >Students
68.4 75.6
28.722.7
2.7 1.8Catalan Catalan & Spanish Spanish
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Differences in language inside the classroom 6P to 1S
Students > Teachers Teachers >Students
-8.9 -9.2
7.38.9
1.50.2
Catalan Catalan & Spanish Spanish
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Linguistic cultural consumption (6P)
TV Books Music Internet
25
48.2
1.417.9
71.740.1
45.2
59.2
2.55.2
50.1
11.6
0 6.5 3.2 11.3
Catalan Spanish English Non-users
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Differences between cultural consumption 6P to 1S
TV Books Music Internet
-12.1 -12.7
-0.1 -1.9
15
7.7
-14.6
12.9
-0.1-2.5
13.9
3.20.3
-6.3
0
6.2
Catalan Spanish English Users
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Language with friends (6P and SP)
Primary (6P) Secondary (1S)
33.6 32
17.9 15.2
46.5 50.8
2 2
Catalan Catalan &SpanishSpanish Other languages
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Differences in language with friends (from 6P to 1S)
Catalan Catalan & Spanish Spanish Other languages
-1.6
-2.7
4.3
0
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Conclusions• Is there a change in the use of Catalan between primary
and secondary education?• There are many changes and in different areas • In general there is a decline of Catalan• There are no changes in Spanish and Catalan proficiency• Language inside the classroom:
▫ Catalan is still prevalent in class▫ Increased use of both languages by teachers and students
• Cultural consumption:▫ Decrease of reading books and increased Internet use▫ Decrease in the consumption of TV and books in Catalan▫ Increased in the consumption of TV, Internet and books in
Spanish▫ Increased in the consumption of music in English
• There are more differences between structural uses (mass media and school) than in interpersonal private uses.
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Diolch Thank you
Moltes gràcies!
<http://www.ub.edu/cusc>
<http://www.ub.edu/cusc/sleducativa/>
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Bibliografia• Bretxa i Riera, Vanessa i F. Xavier Vila i Moreno (2012) «Els canvis sociolingüístics
en el pas primària a secundària: el projecte RESOL a Mataró.» Treballs de Sociolingüística Catalana 22.
• Vila i Moreno, F. Xavier (ed.). (2012). Posar-hi la base. Usos i aprenentatges lingüístics en el domini català. Barcelona: Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• Vila i Moreno, F. Xavier. 2011. «La recerca sociolingüística educativa escolar als països de llengua catalana: elements per a un balanç.» Treballs de Sociolingüística Catalana 21.
• Galindo, Mireia i Vila i Moreno, F. Xavier (2009) «Els factors explicatius dels usos lingüístics informals entre l’alumnat català: llengua inicial, xarxes socials, competència i llengua vehicular d’ensenyament». Noves SL. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya, invierno del 2009.
• Comajoan, Llorenç (2009). «Language revitalization in a globalized world: lessons learned from Catalan». A: Transferences. The expression of extra-linguistic processes in the world’s languages. Vic: Eumo Editorial, 269-299.
• Bretxa, Vanessa, Llorenç Comajoan, i Natxo Sorolla (2009) «De les pràctiques monolingües familiars a la identificació bilingüe: el cas dels preadolescents de Mataró i la Franja. » Noves SL hivern. http://www6.gencat.cat/llengcat/noves/hm09hivern/bretxa_comajoan_sorolla1_9.htm
• Bretxa i Riera, Vanessa (2009) «El salt a secundària: els adolescents, consum cultural i llengua.» Zeitschrift für Katalanistik / Revista d’Estudis Catalans 22:171-202. http://www.romanistik.uni-freiburg.de/pusch/zfk/22/11_Bretxa.pdf
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Summary• Data about Catalonia
▫Language use L1 habital langauge intergeneracional transmision
▫Linguistic competence• The project: RESOL
▫PANEL data ▫Language use:
home school friends cultural consumption
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L1, habitual language and Intergenerational transmission (Catalonia)
31.7 35.6 41.73.8 12 8.555 45.9 42.39.3 6.5 6.8
Catalan Catalan & SpanishSpanish Others languages
Source: EULP 2008
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Language competence (Catalonia)
Understand Speaking Reading Writing
94.6
78.3 81.7
61.8
99.9 99.7 97.4 95.6
3226.4 27.9
24.1
CatalanSpanishEnglish
Source: EULP 2008 (Catalonia)
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Language media consumption in Catalonia (2011)
TVRad
io
Inter
net
Newsp
aper
sBoo
ksM
usic
Thea
ter
Cinema
0102030405060708090
100
CatalanSapnishEnglish
Source: Fundacc, 2011
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Evolution of the position of Catalan in the mass media in Catalonia (2008-2011)
2008 2009 2010 20110
102030405060708090
100
47.6 48.3 48.955.2
27 26.7 29.4 33.125.3 28.6 31.1 33
11.7 12.8 12 15.9
TV Radio Internet Newspapers
Source: Fundacc, 2011
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Evolution of the position of Catalan in the cultural consumption in Catalonia (2008-2011)
2008 2009 2010 20110
102030405060708090
100
4.3 3.8 4.5 7.9
46.7 46.7 47.552.3
5.7 5.8 9.1 11.5
23.1 24.4 25.5 26.7
Cinema Theater Music Books
Source: Fundacc, 2011
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Some facts about Catalan in the mass media• Catalan language is in a minority position in the Catalan
media landscape• However, in the last 5 years there is a slow but clear
trend towards an increase of relative position of Catalan as opposed to Spanish
• Radio broadcasting is the area where Catalan language exhibits better figures, and has caught up with Spanish in terms of demand/consumption
• Use of Catalan in cinema displays the lowest figures, despite some improvement in the last years.