education: investments on who and why?
TRANSCRIPT
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EDUCATION:INVESTMENTS ON WHO AND WHY?
JANI EROLA, UNIVERSITY OF TURKU
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Education is a classic example of social investments
Invest on human capital = invenst on growth
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INVESTINGIntentional behavior
Aiming at a positive outcome
Does this by using resources more than otherwise would be spent
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INVESTMENTA proportion spent
(vs. amount of spending without investing)
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SOCIAL INVESTMENT"...is about investing in people. It means policies
designed to strengthen people’s skills and capacities and support them to participate fully in employment and
social life."
http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1044
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SOCIAL INVESTMENTS ARE TARGETTED TO INCREASE
Skills and capabilitiesEmployment
Social inclusion
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SO IN TERMS OF EDUCATION...Not much can be gained in elementary schooling
Especially so in Finland!
Small returns, bad investment!
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ROOM IN PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION?
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ALEKSI KARHULA, JANI EROLA, AND ELINA KILPI-JAKONEN:HOME SWEET HOME? LONG-TERM EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES OF CHILDCARE
ARRANGEMENTS IN FINLAND.IN BLOSSFELD, H.-P., KULIC, N., SKOPEK, J. & TRIVENTI, M. (EDS): CHILDCARE, EARLY EDUCATION AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY – A CROSS-NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE. EDWARD
ELGAR.
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It is good for kids to put them to daycare (around age 2 a safe bet)
However, the gains from investing on parental education would be clearly higher
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DAYCARE A BAD INVESTMENT?
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No, if that makes gains from parental education possible!
Enables educatated parents to work
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HOW ABOUTPOST-ELEMENTARY
EDUCATION?
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Elina Kilpi-Jakonen, Jani Erola & Aleksi Karhula:Inequalities in the haven of equality? Upper secondary
education and entry into tertiaryeducation in Finland.
In “Secondary Education Models and Social Inequality: An International Comparison”, ed. by Hans-Peter Blossfeld,
Sandra Buchholz, Jan Skopek & MorisTriventi, Edward Elgar 2016.
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INVESTMENT POINT OF VIEWMore investments on University education of those
coming from non-university background
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BUT HOW DO YOU DO THAT?
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SUBSIDIZE COSTS?All education is already free of charge + costs of living
subsidizedEvidence suggests parental income is not not the key
issue
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Further evidence: expansion of higher education helps
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But that is not targeted and will increase the educational level of all
Falls outside social investment scope
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(Perhaps) a solution: loopholes
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THERE ARE A LOT OF LOOPHOLES !
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CONCLUSIONS
Education is a classic case for social investments
However, investment argument easily leads to less than optimal outcomes (see daycare)
Or feasible targeted social investments are hard to come up with (see post-elementary)
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Allocating resources to universal systems likely more efficient for reaching the goals