Education is an admirable thing, but it is Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that well to remember from time to time that nothing that is worth knowing can be nothing that is worth knowing can be taught.taught. Oscar Oscar WildeWilde

As you know, education in England is As you know, education in England is one of the best well-developed one of the best well-developed

education in the world.education in the world.So, talking about education, we will So, talking about education, we will

begin with a brief survey of the begin with a brief survey of the development of free universal education development of free universal education

since the middle ages, & then take a since the middle ages, & then take a closer look at the main institutions in closer look at the main institutions in

which British people are formally which British people are formally educated.educated.

History of British History of British EducationEducation

Middle AgesMiddle AgesCommon peopleCommon peopleThe first schools were were parish schoolsparish schools. . Schools Schools were mostly religious were mostly religious & & children were taught to children were taught to read,read, learn learn prayers & prayers & psalmspsalmsThe grammar schoolsgrammar schools. The pupils, drawn from The pupils, drawn from the wealthier sections of the wealthier sections of town society, were town society, were expected to be able to expected to be able to read & write before they read & write before they were admitted. They were admitted. They then went on to learn then went on to learn Latin grammar & Latin grammar & compose Latin versecompose Latin verse

AristocracyAristocracyThey were taught They were taught hunting & manners, hunting & manners, rather than reading & rather than reading & writingwriting

Girls were not normally Girls were not normally educated except that educated except that often they too were sent often they too were sent away from home to learn away from home to learn how to behave & care for how to behave & care for a household. a household.

In the middle ages children often had to receive cruel punishment.In the middle ages children often had to receive cruel punishment.

1717thth centurycenturyCommon peopleCommon people

Dame schoolsDame schools were were paid by the parish paid by the parish & & usually run by women, usually run by women, there were taught there were taught children up to the age 7 children up to the age 7 reading, knitting reading, knitting & & spinning.spinning.

AristocracyAristocracy Grammar schoolsGrammar schools. There was There was provided further education in provided further education in writing, Latin & Greek & even writing, Latin & Greek & even mathematicsmathematics in the grammar in the grammar schools.schools.The Dissenting AcademiesDissenting Academies where the religious teaching where the religious teaching reflected their own beliefsreflected their own beliefs. Private boarding-schools boarding-schools

18th century18th centuryDame schoolsDame schools

continued continued CCharity schoolsharity schools were were

established that established that stressed religion, stressed religion, moral teaching & moral teaching &

vocational training. vocational training. The grammar schoolsThe grammar schools

The public schoolspublic schools where the scenes of where the scenes of bullying & savage bullying & savage

corporal punishmentcorporal punishment..

19th century19th centuryFFrom the 19th century limited rom the 19th century limited & voluntary schooling to the & voluntary schooling to the present expanded & present expanded & compulsory education system:compulsory education system:Schools & teaching were provided for the children of enfranchised groups

Schools were organised to run cheaply as possible

MMonitorial systemonitorial system - teacher teaches the monitors who then pass on their knowledge to the pupils The so-called Ragged SchoolsThe so-called Ragged Schools (supported by charity & provided education for the very poorest children of the cities.)18331833 Education Act gave the first Government grant to schools.

19021902- Local Education Authorities had to finance secondary schools 19071907- private secondary schools could get financial help from the government 19181918- the power of the LEAs increased: schooling was made compulsory up to the age of 14 and this reorganised the government grants to schools19441944-all children should have an equal opportunity to participate in secondary education & it should be suited to their age.

20th century20th century

The Education The Education SystemSystemThe basic structure of British The basic structure of British

education system, education system, particularly the 3 stages of particularly the 3 stages of education in modern Britaineducation in modern Britain

•School EducationSchool Education•Further EducationFurther Education•Higher EducationHigher Education

•Pre-school education•Primary school•Secondary school•Universities, colleges of higher education

Basic Structure of Basic Structure of British Education British Education

SystemSystem

British Education SystemBritish Education Systemclass school age

Nursery school

playgroup

3

4

Reception school

Year 1

Infant school 5

6

Year 2

Year 3

Year 4

Year 5

Year 6

Junior school 7

8

9

10

11

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Year 10

Year 11

Secondary school 12

13

14

15

16

Year 12

Year 13

Sixth form college 17

18

First year

Second year

Third year

University or Polytechnic 19

20

21

postgraduate University 22

Britain State Britain State SchoolsSchools• The system of secondary education The system of secondary education

in Britain has been changed in in Britain has been changed in recent years. Under the old recent years. Under the old system, children took an system, children took an examination called the “eleven examination called the “eleven plus” at the age of 11. If they plus” at the age of 11. If they passed this examination, they went passed this examination, they went to a grammar school (high school) to a grammar school (high school) & if they failed, they went to a & if they failed, they went to a secondary modern school.secondary modern school.

• Under the new system, there is no examination at Under the new system, there is no examination at the age of eleventhe age of eleven

• the grammar schools & secondary modern schools the grammar schools & secondary modern schools have been replaced by large comprehensive schools. have been replaced by large comprehensive schools.

• Some comprehensives are “streamed”; others are Some comprehensives are “streamed”; others are “unstreamed”. “unstreamed”.

• In a streamed school, pupils are placed into classes In a streamed school, pupils are placed into classes according to their ability. Children of high ability are according to their ability. Children of high ability are in the “A” stream, those of lesser ability in the “B” in the “A” stream, those of lesser ability in the “B” stream & so on. stream & so on.

• In an unstreamed school, children of mixed ability In an unstreamed school, children of mixed ability are placed together in the classes.are placed together in the classes.

Private educationPrivate education•Government does not support Government does not support these schools financially.these schools financially.

•People must pay for their People must pay for their educationeducation

•Choice: Choice: day and boarding day and boarding schoolsschools, , single-sex schoolssingle-sex schools

•2,400 schools2,400 schools in Britain in Britain

““E d u c a t i o n E d u c a t i o n brings a child the brings a child the

world”world”• Many British children start school at Many British children start school at the age of 3 or 4 if there is a play the age of 3 or 4 if there is a play school near their house.school near their house.

• These schools are nursery & they These schools are nursery & they are not compulsory.are not compulsory.

• Children are taught to sing, draw, Children are taught to sing, draw, they play different creative games.they play different creative games.

• Compulsory education begins at the Compulsory education begins at the age of 5, when children go to age of 5, when children go to primary school. primary school.

Pre-school Pre-school EducationEducation

• Compulsory schoolingCompulsory schooling: every child in : every child in Britain must by law Britain must by law receive full-time education from the age receive full-time education from the age of 5 to 16.of 5 to 16.

• Children begin their education in the Children begin their education in the State system at the age of 5; some lucky State system at the age of 5; some lucky children may attend Nursery schools children may attend Nursery schools (kindergartens) from 3 to 5, but most (kindergartens) from 3 to 5, but most start their basic education in an Infants’ start their basic education in an Infants’ (the infants department of a junior (the infants department of a junior school) or First School.school) or First School.

PPrimaryrimary Education Education• All children start primary school by the age of 5. All children start primary school by the age of 5.

Primary education lasts for six years.Primary education lasts for six years.• They attend the infant school from 5 to 7 and then They attend the infant school from 5 to 7 and then

junior school until they are 11.junior school until they are 11.• Some parents pay for their children to attend a Some parents pay for their children to attend a

private school but all children have the right to go to private school but all children have the right to go to a state school which is free.a state school which is free.

• Private schools are called public schools.Private schools are called public schools.• Most of them are boarding schools.Most of them are boarding schools.• More than 90More than 90% % of British children attend state of British children attend state

schools.schools.• In English schools pupils have to address men In English schools pupils have to address men

teachers “Sir” and women teachers “Miss” or “Mrs”.teachers “Sir” and women teachers “Miss” or “Mrs”.

Primary School Primary School SubjectsSubjectsOne teacher teaches:One teacher teaches:ArtArtAnalysisAnalysisDramaDramaEnglishEnglishGeographyGeographyHistoryHistoryMathematicsMathematicsScottish Gaelic (in Scottish Gaelic (in Scotland)Scotland)

School UniformSchool Uniform

Young people in Britain often Young people in Britain often don't likedon't like their school uniform, especially the hats & their school uniform, especially the hats & shoes. Sometimes they do not wear the right shoes. Sometimes they do not wear the right clothes. Schools will often give them a clothes. Schools will often give them a warning the first time that this happens but warning the first time that this happens but then will punish them if they continue not to then will punish them if they continue not to wear the correct uniform. Senior students wear the correct uniform. Senior students don't have to wear their school uniform.don't have to wear their school uniform.

Secondary SchoolSecondary School • Compulsory education extends up to 16 years. Compulsory education extends up to 16 years.

Comprehensive schools are mostly mixed sex Comprehensive schools are mostly mixed sex & cater for a mixed range of abilities. Their & cater for a mixed range of abilities. Their students come from a range of social classes students come from a range of social classes & ethnic backgrounds. Students are often & ethnic backgrounds. Students are often streamed into different ability groups..streamed into different ability groups..

• The main examination that all students should The main examination that all students should take at 16 is take at 16 is GCSE.GCSE. Some students continue in Some students continue in the same school for a further 2 years of study the same school for a further 2 years of study leading to the examination of leading to the examination of the General the General Certificate of Education, Advanced level (GCE Certificate of Education, Advanced level (GCE A level).A level). Usually 3 or 4 academic subjects are Usually 3 or 4 academic subjects are studied & 1 general studies paper. This is the studied & 1 general studies paper. This is the main examination required for university main examination required for university entrance.entrance.

Secondary School Secondary School SubjectsSubjects

• MathematicsMathematics• ScienceScience• Technology and Technology and

designdesign• Information Information

TechnologyTechnology• EnglishEnglish• Modern Languages Modern Languages

(French, German, (French, German, Spanish)Spanish)

• GeographyGeography

• HistoryHistory• Social EducationSocial Education• ReligionReligion• CookingCooking• MusicMusic• Physical educationPhysical education• Greek and Latin Greek and Latin

(grammar and (grammar and independent independent schoolsschools)

MarksMarksE N G L I S

HUKRAINIA

NА*(star) Excellent 12

A Very good 10-11B Good 8-9C Satisfacto

ry6-7

D Poor 4-5E Very poor 2-3F Awful 1

General School General School CertificateCertificate •The General School Certificate (G.S.C) The General School Certificate (G.S.C)

was a standardized school (public) was a standardized school (public) examination in Britain. It was replaced by examination in Britain. It was replaced by the General Certificate of Education the General Certificate of Education (G.C.E) in 1965.(G.C.E) in 1965.

•The G.C.E consists of two sets of The G.C.E consists of two sets of examinations: the ordinary level & the examinations: the ordinary level & the advanced level. It is on the results of the advanced level. It is on the results of the advanced level examination that advanced level examination that universities choose their students.universities choose their students.

•At the age of 13 pupils begin preparing At the age of 13 pupils begin preparing for the G.C.S.E in 8 or 9 subjects such as for the G.C.S.E in 8 or 9 subjects such as English, French, mathematics & history.English, French, mathematics & history.

•Then pupils may choose 2 or 3 subjects Then pupils may choose 2 or 3 subjects out of the 8 or 9 for a 2-year course out of the 8 or 9 for a 2-year course leading to the A level examinations. With leading to the A level examinations. With 8 good grades in the G.C.S.E & 3 G.C. E. 8 good grades in the G.C.S.E & 3 G.C. E. A level passes, students will stand a very A level passes, students will stand a very good chance of being accepted by good chance of being accepted by universities.universities.

School RulesSchool RulesEVERY BRITISH SCHOOL HAS ITS RULES,EVERY BRITISH SCHOOL HAS ITS RULES,

FOR EXAMPLEFOR EXAMPLE::

• Be politeBe polite• Say hello when you see a teacherSay hello when you see a teacher• Come to school on timeCome to school on time• Stand up when a teacher comes into the classStand up when a teacher comes into the class• Don’t eat or drink in the classroomDon’t eat or drink in the classroom• Don’t run in the corridorsDon’t run in the corridors• Don’t bring mobile phones to classDon’t bring mobile phones to class• Don’t talk to people in lessonsDon’t talk to people in lessons• Appropriate school dress must de worn on all school Appropriate school dress must de worn on all school

occasions.occasions.• Bicycles shall not be ridden in the school grounds.Bicycles shall not be ridden in the school grounds.• Ball games may not be played in areas close to Ball games may not be played in areas close to

unprotected windows.unprotected windows.• Radios and tape-recorders of any type must not be Radios and tape-recorders of any type must not be

brought to school.brought to school.• No pupil is allowed to smoke on the school premises or on No pupil is allowed to smoke on the school premises or on

school visits, or to bring cigarettesschool visits, or to bring cigarettes..

Further educationFurther education• UUsesedd to study academic subjects & explore to study academic subjects & explore

recreational activities as well as to develop & recreational activities as well as to develop & upgrade work skills. upgrade work skills.

• Usually for students between 16 and 18Usually for students between 16 and 18• Prepares for university or for a vocationPrepares for university or for a vocation• At 18 some students take A-level examination At 18 some students take A-level examination

because it is necessary to have A-levels in order to because it is necessary to have A-levels in order to go to a university or Polytechnic.go to a university or Polytechnic.

• But some pupils want to stay on at school to But some pupils want to stay on at school to prepare for a vocational course or for a work rather prepare for a vocational course or for a work rather than for A-level examinations.than for A-level examinations.

Higher Higher EducationEducation• There are more than 88universities in BritainThere are more than 88universities in Britain

• Mostly teach a broad range of subjectsMostly teach a broad range of subjects• Higher education begins at 18 & usually lasts Higher education begins at 18 & usually lasts

three or four years.three or four years.• After getting A-level of GCSE students go to After getting A-level of GCSE students go to

universities, polytechnics or colleges of higher universities, polytechnics or colleges of higher education.education.

• The academic year is divided into three terms.The academic year is divided into three terms.• Terminal examinations are held at the end of Terminal examinations are held at the end of

autumn, spring & summer terms. Only two autumn, spring & summer terms. Only two reexaminations are allowed.reexaminations are allowed.

• British universities usually keep to the customs of British universities usually keep to the customs of the past. Upon graduation all the students have the past. Upon graduation all the students have to wear long black gowns & “students caps”.to wear long black gowns & “students caps”.

University of Higher University of Higher EducationEducation• The old universities refer to those The old universities refer to those

founded before 1600. Oxford & founded before 1600. Oxford & Cambridge are the oldest ones, dating Cambridge are the oldest ones, dating from 1249 &1284. Until the 19th century, from 1249 &1284. Until the 19th century, they are the only 2 universities in Englandthey are the only 2 universities in England

• The new universities are those founded The new universities are those founded since the 2nd world war. They have their since the 2nd world war. They have their own independent & modern approaches own independent & modern approaches to teachingto teaching.

• A A private university (Buckingham)private university (Buckingham).. • A school which is A school which is devoted entirely to devoted entirely to

distance learning (the Open University). distance learning (the Open University).

Open University Open University

• The open University is a non-residential university The open University is a non-residential university offering degree & other courses for adult students of all offering degree & other courses for adult students of all ages. It uses specially printed texts, correspondence ages. It uses specially printed texts, correspondence tuition, TV & radio broadcast, audio & visual cassettes. tuition, TV & radio broadcast, audio & visual cassettes. There is also a network of study centers for contact with There is also a network of study centers for contact with part-time counselors & fellow students. No formal part-time counselors & fellow students. No formal academic qualifications are required to register for academic qualifications are required to register for most courses, but standards of the University’s degrees most courses, but standards of the University’s degrees are the same as those of other universities. They offer are the same as those of other universities. They offer higher degrees & programs for professionals in higher degrees & programs for professionals in education, health & welfare & for updating managers, education, health & welfare & for updating managers, scientists & technologists.scientists & technologists.

Classification of Classification of degreesdegrees• Degrees: BA (Bachelor of Arts) Degrees: BA (Bachelor of Arts)

or BSc (Bachelor of Science); or BSc (Bachelor of Science); • MA (Master of Arts) or MSc MA (Master of Arts) or MSc

(Master of Science); (Master of Science); • Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy).Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy).

Undergraduate Undergraduate CoursesCourses• Usually only three yearsUsually only three years

• Specialise in one subjectSpecialise in one subject• Entrance requirementsEntrance requirements

Good English profieciencyGood English profieciencyPrevious examinationsPrevious examinations

Postgraduate Postgraduate coursescourses

• MastersMastersCan be teaching or research basedCan be teaching or research basedUsually examined by dissertationUsually examined by dissertationOne or two yearsOne or two years

• DoctorateDoctorate– Always research, never taughtAlways research, never taught

Distance Distance educationeducation•LLearners are separated from earners are separated from

the institutionthe institution•LLearning takes place outside earning takes place outside

the education establishment. the education establishment. •Students learn where and when Students learn where and when

it suits them, at their own pace. it suits them, at their own pace. •SStudies and private and tudies and private and

professional commitments professional commitments can can be combinedbe combined

The oldest The oldest universities of universities of Great BritainGreat Britain :

Oxford Oxford CambridCambrid

gege

OXFORD & OXFORD & CAMBRIDGECAMBRIDGE

Oxford Oxford UniversityUniversity

CambridgeUniCambridgeUniversityversity

Education for Education for ForeignersForeigners

Language courses

Summer schools (colleges)

ConclusionConclusionThe studying in England is very prestigious, interesting and The studying in England is very prestigious, interesting and

popular all over the world. Every year hundreds and popular all over the world. Every year hundreds and thousands of students come to this place to get the best thousands of students come to this place to get the best

education. It is hard to find parents who don’t want to see education. It is hard to find parents who don’t want to see their children as graduates of a British college or a University.their children as graduates of a British college or a University.

What is the secret of its popularity? What are the main What is the secret of its popularity? What are the main advantages of studying in Great Britain? advantages of studying in Great Britain?

• British certificates are considered to be the best and respected all over the world

• The quality of the British Education is very prestigious in the world

• The studying in Great Britain is cheaper than in other countries

• The studying in Great Britain allows you to learn to speak and think as Englishmen

Study well Study well and and

you’ll have you’ll have a chance a chance toto enter enter

these these universitieuniversitie

s.s.