Education Policy and PlanningMasters in Human Rights and Ethics of International Cooperation

University of Bergamo

Education Policy and Planning Process

Sobhi TAWIL8-10 March 2012

Contents

1. Policy definition and scope

2. The policy-planning process

3. Approaches to education planning

4. Monitoring progress in basic education

1. Policy definition and scope

Definition of Policy

An explicit or implicit single decision or group of decisions which may set out directives for guiding future decisions, initiate or retard action, or guide implementation of previous decisions.

W. Haddad (1995)

Scope of policy

Examples of scope:Issue-specific? Programme? Multi-programme? Strategic?

• Should resources be allocated to primary education or to rural training centres?

• How can we provide basic education at a reasonable cost to meet equity and efficiency objectives?

• How should training centres be designed and provided across the country?

• How should practical subjects be taught in lower-secondary education?

2. The policy-planning process

Policy Making

1. Policy analysisAnalysis of the existing situationContext: Demographic, Economic, Cultural, Political, Sector analysis: Access, equity, quality, efficiency, governance

2. The generation of policy options Systemic, ad hoc & importation modes

3. Evaluation of policy options Desirability, affordability, feasibility

4. Making the policy decisionConflicting interests, negotiation, arbitration, trade-offs

Policy Implementation

5. Planning and design of implementation plans & strategies

6. Monitoring of policy implementation

7. Policy impact assessment

8. Adjustment in subsequent policy cycles

3. Approaches to Education Planning

Manpower or HRD Approach

• Forecasting

• Market demand and supply of skilled labour

• Needs-based

Social Demand Approach

• Private demand for education

• Education seen as consumption/service

• Quantitative approach

• More forecasting than planning.

Rate of Return Approach

• Economic (capitalist) approach

• Education seen as an investment

• Cost-benefit analysis

• Social and private rates of return

Social Justice Approach

• Focus on social development

• Principle of equal opportunity

• Concern with patterns of exclusion among deprived minorities.

Approaches to education planning

• Manpower or HRD Approach

• Social Demand Approach

• Rate of Return Approach

• Social Justice Approach

4. Monitoring progress in basic education

EFA : Education for All

Goal 1. Expanding and improving early childhood care and education

Goal 2. Access to and complete free and compulsory primary education for all.

Goal 3. Equitable access for all youth and adults to appropriate learning and life skills programmes.

Goal 4. 50 per cent improvement in levels of adult literacy

Goal 5. Eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005, and achieving gender equality in education by 2015

Goal 6. Improving all aspects of the quality of education

Monitoring EFA Goals

1. Early Childhood Care and Education

2. Universal Primary Education (UPE)

3. Youth Literacy

4. Gender Parity in education

4. Quality in education

Education sector analysis

Context

Access

Equity

Quality

Efficiency

Governance

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