educational institution

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Sociology

Assignment # 1

Submitted by:-

Ayesha Rabbani

4082-FU/BS/F09

Submitted to:-

Maam Sajida

Dated: March 30, 2012


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Educational Institutions

Aims of Education:-

In the countries all over the world, Education is directed forspecific purposes and aims, these aims and objectives of education vary

from society to society, nation to nation, space to space and time to

time. But the main aims and objectives of education system is to get a

suitable and well informed person for social roles and to enable a

person to live happy and successful life.

Aims give direction to activities. Aims of education are formulated

keeping in view the needs of situation. Human nature is multisided withmultiple needs, which are related to life. Educational aims are

correlated to ideals of life.

Following are the some general aims of education provided by

institutions.

To make good citizens:-The basic aims and objectives of education system are to have

useful and good citizens, who can be beneficial for society. Education

develops in a person the following basic social qualities:

To respect the law; To respect the customs and tradition; To know his/her rights and duties; To earn his /her livelihood in an honest way; To be emotionally and mentally sound person.

Cultural aims of education:-Education is the medium through which the cultural traditional

social and religious values of the past are transferred to the next


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generation, for example; in our education system is transferring the

Islamic cultural and religious values, which include Quran and hadith

and other related literature and the practical life style of our holy

prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The same is about other states and

religions, who want to transfer their cultures to the next generation.

Bringing necessary social changes:-Education is very powerful agent of social change through which a

particular societys social, religious, and political setups are changed. If

there exists some out dated cultural values, formal and informal

education is carried out in order to bring the desired change, which can

ultimately lead to social change.

To explore the new dimensions of science and matter:-Now-a-days, especially in the developed societies the main aim of

education is to enable an individual and society to explore the new

ideas. And have more and more information about the material world

so as to give more and more facilities to the public.

Islamic Aims of education:-As we are living in an Islamic State so in our country and all the

other Islamic countries across the world, there are some Islamic aims as

well to keep the nation on the direction told by ALLAH Almighty and

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

The basic aim of Islamic education is to enable a Muslim to havebasic information that how to pray, fast, etc and what is the basic

information in order to live an honorable life.

Islam wants a person should be mentally, physically, and sociallysound one in order to live a healthy life. Islam wants spiritually a


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balanced Muslim who can maintain balance between religious

and social activities.

Islam wants in a Muslim to have great love for Islam and be readyfor all kind of sacrifices for Islam.

One of the aims of Islamic education is to develop in a person thespirit of Muslim brotherhood and tolerance so that he/she could

live harmonious life in society.

Islam wants a fully informed person about social, political, andeconomic affairs of the contemporary world in order to play

his/her role in collective affairs.

Islam wants to bring simple life style in a person and society inorder to avoid luxury.

Types of Education:-

Education system has come a long way since its origin. Present

day education is much more structured in comparison to yesteryears,

when there was no such concept of a formal education system.

Now, in a developed and well organized society, there are usually four

types of education, which are as follows:

1. Formal education:Formal education can be defined as a hierarchically

structured and chronologically graded education system. It

comprises of primary education, higher education and full time

professional training. This education system is referred to as

mainstream or traditional education.

2. Adult Education:As the name suggests, adult education refers to a practice of

educating adults. There are different forms of adult education,

namely, formal class based learning, e-learning and self-

directed learning. There are also some career specific courses


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that adults can learn. Some of the common career specific

courses are real estate license, medical billing, bookkeeping,

etc. Most of these courses are available over the internet.

3. Alternative Education:This type of education is actually an alternative approach to

traditional or mainstream education. This educational

alternative is often rooted in severalphilosophies that arequite different from that of mainstream education.

4. Special Education:There are some students who require special learning

needs, which are addressed through special education. People

that are mentally or physically impaired are mostly the onewho needs special education, for example; hearing impaired

students or blind students.

Along with the types of education there come the four stages of formal

education provided by the institutions. These fourstages are:-

1. Nursery education:Often referred to as preschool education, nursery education

is the basic stage of formal teaching. It comprises of nursery

school and kindergarten, which serves as a transition fromhome to the beginning of formal education. With the help of

social interaction and creative play, children (between 3-5

years of age) are taught how to develop basic skills.

2. Primary education:Elementary or primary education refers to a first few years

of structured, formal education. Usually, it consists of 6-8 years

of schooling that usually starts from the age of 5 or 6. However,

the basic age of primary education slightly varies from one

country to another. Most of the countries have made it

compulsory for students to receive primary education. Apart

frombasic literacy, the main aim of primary education is to


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establish foundations in a variety of subjects, such as,

mathematics, science and social sciences.

3. Secondary Education:It is the final stage of school education that is offered during

a childs adolescence. This stage is characterized by transition

from a comprehensive primary education to an optional and

selective form of training. In this stage, a child develops in

depth knowledge on specialized subjects.

4. Higher Education:Tertiary or higher education is a non-compulsory

educational level, which comprises of undergraduate and post

graduate education along with vocational education andtraining. Usually, a person needs to admit in a college or a

university to receive higher education. It is the most specialized

form of an educational system.

In any state or country, it is the foremost duty of its government

to provide adequate space and finance to the educational institution so

that they can provide an effective and decent education to the students

regarding all the above mentioned stages and types.

Function of educational institution:-

The aim of education is to provide equipment and technique for

meeting various needs of life. Educational institutes shape our attitude

and prepare us for behaving in a certain manner in defined situation.

Education supplies us instruments by which we can realize our social

goals. These goals and values are defined by the system of educationprevalent in a certain society. Hence education socializes an individual

into a useful member of society.

Two main functions of educational institutions are:


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Individual Function:-

Educational Institutions must help in developing all round aspect

of a person. Education should make able to adjust in the society andworld environment, as in these institutions, an individual interacts with

many of his fellow mates and so learn to interact in this world and

behaving decently in the society. Institutions must produce a good man

power so that he/she can live life easily, happily and can contribute for

developing nation.

Social Function:-

Racial harmony in the society is only possible when the member

of society become educated. Educational Institutions helps to keep

peace and interrelationship between society's members, as so many

people from different races and regions study under one roof and so

they come close to each other, which also helps understanding them

and learning each others culture. It also works to preserve our valuable

culture and helps to transfer in new generation. Education teaches us

to love our culture. The most important function of educationalinstitutions is that they develop unity in the society.

Problems in Educational Institutions:-

In every society, the educational institution always faces some

problems. Some of the common problems faced by the educational

institutions and the students in these institutes are as under.

Poor Standard of education:-Most of the institutions imparting education to the students have

poor standard of education, this may be due to number of factors,

which may include that:


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o The teachers, teaching at a school or colleges dont behavedecently with the students.

o The study material the institution, assign for the students isnot up to the standard of education.

o The students in the institution may not be strictly checked forplagiarism and cheating.

o Old teaching methodology in the institution, which Is notadaptable in this modern era.

o Insufficient and improper space and equipment for formaleducation in the institution.

Non-uniform education system:-

In many countries across the world, there is non-uniform

education system, like in Pakistan there is an O\A Level and

matriculation and FSc system. This creates non-uniformity among

the students, and they face difficulties at some stages in their higher

education.

Language Problem:-Language is another problem in the educational institutes. As in

an institute in some specific area, the students studying there speak

their native language, for example, Punjabi, Pashto or Urdu in case of

Pakistan, and they are quite used to it, and so the teachers teaching

there also speaks in the same native language and do not pay any

attention towards speaking a formal English language, so when these

students go for higher studies in the universities across the country

or abroad, where the lectures are conducted throughout inEnglish,they cant understand the lectures completely, and sometimes when

they have to talk in English, they couldnt, and so face problems in

their studies.


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Political influence in the institutions:-The involvement of politics in the institutions is very seriousproblems in any society. The students get diverted from their studies

and involve themselves in such activities and waste their considerable

time and money. In Pakistan for example, there are many school and

colleges that are influenced by the political leagues and parties.

Authorities should strictly check these activities and completely ban it

from the institutions.

Restlessness among the students:-

The students in colleges and universities are facing problems of

dissatisfaction which they express through mass behavior like strikes

and class boycott. This situation sometimes grows so serious that the

governments were forced to change. This situation according to the

science of society has following reasons:

1. The students expressing leadership through mass behavior had

experienced dissatisfaction in the socialization of their early childhood.

The family could not socialize them in normal social life and the

dissatisfaction led to frustration. This frustration could be expressed in

no other situation except a suitable ground found in educational

institutions.

2. The dissatisfaction coming to students from their teachers and

college administration also added to their unrest condition.

3. The dissatisfaction coming to the students from the list of hopes of

success in examinations diverted toward newactivities.4. The students who get into politics of college and the community pay

little attention towards study and become active worker of politics.

They show unrest behavior in educational institutions.

educational institution

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