eeb ppt -ppt1
TRANSCRIPT
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN AN ECONOMY HAS THREE BASIC PROPOSITIONS:
BUSINESS IS AN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
BUSINESS FIRM IS AN ECONOMIC UNIT
BUSINESS DECISION-MAKING IS AN
ECONOMIC PROCESS
ECO. ENVT.
NON- ECO. ENVT.
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
ECO. ENVT
NATIONAL GLOBAL
BUSINESS
POLITICALNATURAL
SOCIO-CULTURAL
NON-ECO. ENVT
LEGAL
TECHNOLOGICAL
DEMOGRAPHIC
MACRO- ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS
MICRO- ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS
INPUT SUPPLIERS
WORKERS & THEIR UNIONS PUBLIC
BUSINESS
CUSTOMER COMPETITORS
MARKET INTERMEDIARIES
BUSINESS SECTOR HAS TO DEAL WITH:
GOVERNMENT
IT DEPENDS UPON THE TYPE OF GOVT. IN A PARTICULAR ECONOMY
THE BASIC PROBLEM OF EVERY ECONOMY IS:
Contd..
CAPITAL MARKET
HOUSEHOLD SECTOR
ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES & SUBSEQUENT PRODUCTION i.e.
DUE TO OPEN UP OF THE ECONOMY:
WHAT TO PRODUCE
HOW TO PRODUCE
WHOM TO PRODUCE
WHEN TO PRODUCE
• ENGAGED IN INT. TRADE AND COOPERATION
• TECHNICAL REVOLUTION
• ROLE OF MNC
• ECOLOGICAL BALANCE
ROLE OF THE GOVT. TOWARDS SOCIAL SECTOR
IS IT GOVT. ONLY? OR
WHO COULD BE THE OTHER PLAYERS:
•PRIVATE SECTOR
• NGO’S
• SOCIAL ACTIVIST/ORGANISATIONS
• INTERNATIONAL BODIES
THEREFORE, MANAGER SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THE
MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION OF CHANGES AT BOTH
NATIONAL AS WELL AS AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT.
CRITICAL ELEMENTS OF ECO. ENVT. OF BUSINESS
• INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK:
RELATIVE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE
PRIVATE SECTOR
PUBLIC SECTOR
GOVT.
Contd…
• PHYSICAL ANATOMY OF NATIONAL ECONOMY:
LEVEL OF PCI INDICATE THE LEVEL OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
AVAILABLE NATURAL, HUMAN & MATERIAL RESOURCES OF A COUNTRY.
OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF LABOUR
FORCE, PATTERN OF FOREIGN TRADE,
STRUCTURE OF SAVINGS, INVESTMENT &
CAPITAL FORMATION, PATTERN OF INCOME
DISTRIBUTION & THE DEGREE OF
URBANISATION.
• FUNCTIONING OF THE ECONOMY:
NATURE OF MONETARY TRANSACTIONS AFFECT THE PRICE LEVEL-WHICH INFLUENCE THE REAL VALUE OF ALL ECONOMIC VARIABLES.
ROLE OF CENTRALISED PLANNING,
ADMINISERED PRICE MECHANISM & FREE
MARKET PRICING & CENTRAL BANKING.
• ECONOMIC PLANNING & PROGRAMMES
• ECONOMIC POLICY STATEMENTS AND LEGISLATIONS:
POLICY STATEMENTS AFFECTING BOTH
INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE
RBI WORKS THROUGH THE INSTRUMENT OF
MONEY AND CREDIT POLICIES
GOVT. CONTROLS THROUGH FISCAL-CUM-
BUDGETARY POLICIES.
• FLUCTUATIONS & TRENDS IN MACRO-
ECONOMIC VARIABLES:
• ECONOMIC PROBLEMS & PROSPECTS:
INFLATION/RECESSON
UNEMPLOYMENT
NON-ECONOMIC ENVT. OF BUSINESS
POLITICAL ENVT. OF BUSINESS:
• GOVT. IS A POLITICAL INSTITUTION:- ENACTS & EXECUTES SOCIAL POLICIES IN ORDER TO MAXIMISE SOCIAL BENEFITS & MINIMISE SOCIAL COSTS.
• IN THE PRESENT GLOBAL BUSINESS SCENARIO, GOVT. POLICIES, PROGRAMMES & LEGISATIONS AFFECT THE BUSINESS MOST.
CRITICAL ELEMENTS:
• FORM & STRUCUTURE OF THE GOVT.
• STRENGTH OF THE OPPOSITON IN LEGISLATURE
• ROLE & RESPONSIBILITY OF THE BUREAUCRACY
• DIRECTION & SPEED OF THE GOVT.
• GOVT. POLICIES & PROGRAMMES.
• SOCIO-ECONOMIC LEGISLATIONS
• POLITICO-LEGAL INSTITUTIONS
SOCIO – CULTURAL ENVT. OF BUSINESS:
• BUSINESS MUST CHARGE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, SOCIAL OBLIGATION & SOCIAL COMMITMENT
CRITICAL ELEMENTS:
• SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS & SYSTEMS: CASTE SYSTEM, JOINT FAMILY SYSTEM, CHILD MARRIAGE ETC. ARE NO MORE RIGID
THEY ARE EVOLVED THROUGH HISTORY, CULTURE & HERITAGE.
• SOCIAL VALUES & MOVES: WHICH HAVE GONE FOR RAPID CHANGES
CUSTOMS, TRADITIONS & CONVENTIONS ARE MORE FLEXIBLE NOW.
VIEWS TOWARDS AUTHORITY, RESPONSIBILITY & DELEGATION OF POWER ARE MORE RELEVANT.
VIEWS TOWARDS ACHIEVEMENT & WORK
VIEWS TOWARDS OWNERSHIP & MANAGEMENT
THEREFORE, THERE IS A NEED FOR BUSINESS
EDUCATION & ITS IMPACT ON BUSIENSS ETHICS,
BUSIENSS MORALITY & ORG. CULTURE.
SHOULD CREATE BUSINESS CLIMATE THROUGH SOCIAL MOVEMENTS & SOCIAL POLICY FORMULATLION ON SUBJECTS LIKE:
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE GOVT.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
ECOLOGY & FORESTRY
FAMILY PLANNING ETC
SOCIAL GROUPS & SOCIAL MOVEMENTS:
SOCIAL PROBLEMS & PROSPECTS:
AS SOCIETY MOVES FROM ‘PRE-INDUSTRIAL’ TO
‘POST INDUSTRIAL’ STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT IT
MAY EXPERIENCE:-
GROWING UNEMPLOYMENT & POVERTY
POOR HOUSING & SANITATION
PRESSURE ON INFRASTRUCTURE
URBAN CONGESTION, POLLUTION & INCREASING
INCIDENCE OF ANTI-SOCIAL ACTIVITIES.
WHAT IS NEEDED?
SOCIAL COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT.
ECONOMIC ROLES OF THE GOVERNMENT:
• AS A REGULATOR
• AS PROMOTOR TO BUSINESS
• AS A GOOD ENTREPRENEUR &
• A VERY EFFECTIVE PLANNER
1. WHAT WILL GDP GROWTH BE THIS YEAR? CAN WE ATTAIN A HIGHER GOWTH RATE IN COMING YEARS? CAN WE SUSTAIN IT?
2. WHAT HAS BEEN THE IMPACT OF REFORMS ON THE POOR?
3. HAVE THE REFORMS NEGLECTED AGRICULTURE? WHY DO WE HAVE POVERTY IN THE MIDST OF PILES OF FOOD GRAINS STOCKS?
4. WHAT CAN WE DO TO MEET OUR ENERGY AND POWER NEEDS? WHAT IS THE ROLE OF PRIVATE SECTOR IN THE ENERGY SECTOR?
5. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF WELL FUNCTIONING FINANCIAL MARKETS AND WHAT SHALL BE THE ROLE OF THE REGULATOR? HOW WELL IS INDIA’S FINANCIAL MARKET PERFORMING AND IS THERE ANY NEED FOR FUTURE REFORMS?
6. HOW HAVE BANKS FACED THE PROCESS OF FINANCIAL LIBERALISATION?
7. HOW DO WE PROVIDE ADEQUATE BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE—BE IT TRANSPORT, PORTS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, ROADS ETC.
8. “LABOUR POLICY REFORMS ARE CONSIDERED BY MANY AS A CRITICAL ELEMENT IN INDUSTRIAL GROWTH”. DO YOU AGREE?
THE KEY QUESTIONS ABOUT INDIAN ECONOMY TODAY ARE:
9. WHAT DOES APPRECIATION OF THE RUPEE ENTAIL? DO EXPORTERS HAVE ANYTHING TO FEAR FROM THE RISING RUPEE?
10. WHAT CHANGES DOES OUR PATENT ACT NEED? CAN WE PROVIDE ADEQUATE SAFEGUARDS TO PROTECT NATIONAL INTERESTS WHILE COMPLYING WITH TRIPS’ REQUIREMENTS?
11. IS IT BENEFICIAL FOR INDIA TO SIGN MORE FTA’S WITH DIFFERENT COUNTRIES/REGIONS?
12. SHOULD AGRICULTURE INCOME BE TAXED AND GOVT. MUST STOP TO PAMPER RICH FARMING COMMUNITY? DO THEY NEED SUCH SUBSIDY? IS IT NOT AT THE COST OF VULNERABLE SECTION OF THE SOCIETY i.e. POOREST OF THE POOR?
13. DOES ECONOMIC REFORMS NEGLECT SOCIAL SECTOR?
14. WILL INDIA BE A GLOBAL PYGMY?
15. WHAT SHOULD INDIA DO TO ATTRACT MORE FDI?
THE KEY QUESTIONS ABOUT INDIAN ECONOMY TODAY ARE: