eect 7327 data converters professor yun chiu © 2014 erik jonsson school of electrical engineering...
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EECT 7327
Data ConvertersProfessor Yun Chiu
© 2014
Erik Jonsson School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
University of Texas at Dallas
Logistics
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• Instructor: Professor Yun Chiu
• E-Mail: [email protected]
• Office Hour: Tuesday, 2-4 pm, in ECSN 3.602
• TA: TBA
• TA Office Hour: TBA
• Website: http://www.utdallas.edu/~chiu.yun/7327
• Lecture notes, handouts, project assignments, etc. will be posted on the website (no paper copy will be distributed in class)
Prerequisites
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Data Converters IntroductionProfessor Y. Chiu
EECT 7327Fall 2014
• Analog circuit design– EECT 6326 (Analog IC Design), or equivalent at the level of G&M,
Razavi, or similar books
• Digital signal processing– EE 4361 (Digital Signal Processing), or equivalent at the level of O&S or
similar books
• Digital circuit design– Basic knowledge of gate/transistor-level logic design (logic family,
sequential logic, etc.)– Some knowledge of AHDL or Verilog-A is helpful for the project
Course Outline (not in order)
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Data Converters IntroductionProfessor Y. Chiu
EECT 7327Fall 2014
1. Switched-capacitor circuit techniques and realization– SC amplifier and SC integrator
2. Review of topics in sampled-data signal processing3. Sample-and-hold amplifier (SHA)4. Nyquist-rate data converters
– Flash, algorithmic/cyclic, SAR, pipeline, subranging, etc.
5. Oversampled data converters– Single-loop, MASH, multi-bit, continuous-time, etc.
6. Precision techniques for data conversion7. Digital calibration, digital assistance, and digital post-processing8. Data converter testing and benchmarks9. Technology trend and figure-of-merit (FoM)10. Advanced topics (if time allows)
Lecture Notes & Textbook
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Data Converters IntroductionProfessor Y. Chiu
EECT 7327Fall 2014
• Textbook: No required textbook. Lecture notes, slides, and papers will be posted on the course website.
• References– Analog circuit design
• Gray, et al., Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, 4th Ed., Wiley, 2001• Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, McGraw-Hill, 2001• Johns and Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, Wiley, 1997• Allen and Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, 2nd Ed., Oxford, 2002
– Data converters• Razavi, Principles of Data Conversion System Design, IEEE Press, 1995• van de Plassche, CMOS Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog
Converters, 2nd Ed., Kluwer, 2003• Norsworthy et al., Delta-Sigma Data Converters: Theory, Design, and Simulation,
Wiley, 1996– Switched-capacitor circuits
• Gregorian and Temes, Analog MOS Integrated Circuits for Signal Processing, Wiley, 1986
CAD Tools
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Data Converters IntroductionProfessor Y. Chiu
EECT 7327Fall 2014
• CAD Tools required:– SpectreRF
SPICE-type analyses: .dc, .ac, .xf, .noise, .tran, etc.
Additional capabilities: pss, pac, pxf, pnoise, pdisto to analyze large-signal nonlinear circuits (e.g., switched-capacitor circuits, RF circuits)
– MATLAB, SimulinkMixed-domain behavioral modeling, analog/digital filter synthesis, etc.
• CAD Tools recommended:– Cadence GUI suite (awd, ocean, icfb, msfb, icde, icms, etc.) for design
entry, simulation, waveform display, etc.
Projects, Exam, and Grading
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Data Converters IntroductionProfessor Y. Chiu
EECT 7327Fall 2014
• A series of three phases of a nearly semester-long term project to build a
X-bit, Y-MS/s Z-type CMOS ADC…
• Midterm exam: 30% (TBA)• Term Project: 70%
– Phase I: 20% (assigned in 4th week)– Phase 2: 20% (assigned in 7th week)– Phase 3: 30% (assigned in 10th week)
• Project presentation: 5% (in class, last day of instruction)
• Grading Policy: Projects are to be completed by two-student groups, with each group submitting a joint report (and SPICE decks) in each phase. Grading in each phase will be independent, i.e., based on phase-specific goals and specifications.
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Data Converters IntroductionProfessor Y. Chiu
EECT 7327Fall 2014
Why This Course?
Isn’t Digital Great Enough?
Advantages of Digital VLSI
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Data Converters IntroductionProfessor Y. Chiu
EECT 7327Fall 2014
• Noise immunity, robustness
• Unlimited precision or accuracy
• Flexibility, programmability, and scalability
• Electronic design automation (EDA) tools widely available and successful
• Benefiting from Moore’s law – “The number of transistors on a chip doubles every 18 months,” IEDM, 1975– Cost/function drops 29% every year– That’s 30X in 10 years
Moore’s Law
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Data Converters IntroductionProfessor Y. Chiu
EECT 7327Fall 2014
2004 International Technology Roadmap of Semiconductor (http://www.itrs.net/)
1
10
100
1000
1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020
Production year
Ga
te le
ng
th [
nm
]
100
1000
10000
Tra
ns
itio
n f
req
. [G
Hz]
HP-MPU printed gate length
NMOS peak transition frequency
Moore’s Law
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Data Converters IntroductionProfessor Y. Chiu
EECT 7327Fall 2014
“If GM had kept up with technology like the computer industry has, we would all be driving $25 cars that got 1,000 miles to the gallon…”
– Bill Gates, COMDEX keynote
TechnologyScaling
Just Digital is far from enough…
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Data Converters IntroductionProfessor Y. Chiu
EECT 7327Fall 2014
Mechanical Transducers(Car/Airplane Sensors,
MEMS, Nanopore)
Video(Dig. Camera, LCD TV,
TFT Display)
Digital Storage(DVD, Hard Disk, Flash)
Phone Lines, Cables(DSL, Cable Modem)
E&M Waves(Cellphone, Radio,
GPS)
Audio(MP3, Hearing Aid)
Digital World(DT, DA)
Analog World(CT, CA)
Biochemical Sensors(Hazard detection, Drug Delivery, Lab-on-a-Chip)
Paul Gray’s eggshell diagram
Challenges for Analog
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Data Converters IntroductionProfessor Y. Chiu
EECT 7327Fall 2014
• Sensitive to noise – SNR (signal-to-noise ratio)
• Subject to device nonlinearities – THD (total harmonic distortion)
• Sensitive to device mismatch and process variations
• Difficult to design, simulate, layout, test, and debug
• Inevitable, often limits the overall system performance/cost
• Scaling scenario outlook– High-speed, low-resolution applications benefit– High SNR design difficult to scale with low supply voltages
Example 1 – Mixed-Signal Hearing Aid
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Data Converters IntroductionProfessor Y. Chiu
EECT 7327Fall 2014
0.50.10.010.001
Normalized frequency
0
-150
-50
-100
[dB
]
ΣΔA/D
DSP
AGC Decimation
Filter
ΣΔD/A
H-BridgeDriver
Example 2 – PRML Read Channel
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Data Converters IntroductionProfessor Y. Chiu
EECT 7327Fall 2014
A/D Viterbi
LPFPreamp
ClockRecovery
01011
AdaptiveEqualizer
D D D…
Samplevalue 0 1 1 0
PR4
Example 3 – RF Transceiver
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Data Converters IntroductionProfessor Y. Chiu
EECT 7327Fall 2014
A/D
DSP
AAF SCF, GmC
OP-RC
D/A
LNA
PA
I Q
LO
I Q
LO
A
B C
DesirableChannel
A
RF
B
IF or BB BB
C
Example 3 – RF Transceiver
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Data Converters IntroductionProfessor Y. Chiu
EECT 7327Fall 2014
CMOS? orsomething else?
Eric
sson
CH
388
(Hyb
rid,
199
5)
Eric
sson
Blu
etoo
th(C
MO
S,
2001
)B
erkä
na G
SM
/GP
RS
(CM
OS
, 20
05)
AD
Past Present
Future
• Small form factor, high integration, more functions, low power• Market/economy is the ultimate driving force