eee

Using Routes while performing

PATON Verifications

Use the “View Notes Page” command to review.

Periodically verify your GPS Periodically verify your GPS position using other methodsposition using other methods..

Use Aids to navigation as waypointsUse Aids to navigation as waypoints..

Stay alert for GPS malfunctions.Stay alert for GPS malfunctions.

GPS TipsGPS Tips

Always validate satellite

performance before using your GPS set

for navigation.

A A waypoint waypoint ((WPTWPT or or WPWP) )

is a designatedis a designatedlocation withlocation withgeographicgeographic

coordinates – Latitude coordinates – Latitude and Longitude.and Longitude.

Place waypointsPlace waypointson the exact location ofon the exact location ofan Aid to Navigation. an Aid to Navigation.

The odds are that it won’tThe odds are that it won’tActually be there due to itsActually be there due to itsWatch circle.Watch circle.

GPS TipsGPS Tips

*Use a minimum Use a minimum number of characters to number of characters to define a waypoint.define a waypoint.

*Maintain an EXCEL list of Maintain an EXCEL list of *waypoints for reference.waypoints for reference.

GPS TipsGPS Tips

GPS TipsGPS Tips

• Waypoints do not have to be Waypoints do not have to be located in the water.located in the water.

• Waypoints can be used to mark Waypoints can be used to mark hazards to navigation--areas to hazards to navigation--areas to avoid and areas to visit.avoid and areas to visit.

WaypointsWaypoints are used extensively in are used extensively in GPS navigation or Routes:GPS navigation or Routes:

• As boundaries between As boundaries between voyage segments, called LEGS. voyage segments, called LEGS.

• To mark turning points, To mark turning points, destinations, and aids to destinations, and aids to navigation.navigation.

• To mark hazards to navigationTo mark hazards to navigation..

Verifying your planned Verifying your planned positions as a waypointpositions as a waypoint

• Use a simple numbering system.

• Do not finalize your waypoint position on top of the Aid. Risk of collision!

• Validate every waypoint beforeusing it as a permanent waypointin a route.

WPT 1 WPT 2

WPT 3

WPT 4

Verifying your Waypoint

Press the “Mark” buttonBrings up Waypoint Screen

Waypoint UseWaypoint UseMark the Mark the

boundaries boundaries between legs.between legs.

WPT 1 WPT 2

WPT 3

WPT 4Marks the

turns in a

channel

Rock

Marks hazards to navigation or obstructions.

Waypoint Listing TRUE Meas'd Dist. GPS Latitude Longitude

WPT RTE LL No. Description HDG HDG nm Dist Deg M ins Deg M ins Type of Mark Date

001 1 Float at Dorchester Yacht Club Start 042 18.310 N 071 03.130 W Dock

003 1 Morrissey Blvd Bridge 112 0.239 042 18.220 N 071 02.830 W Outer Bridge Pier - South 10-Jun-01

004 1 11230 Dor. Bay Lighted Buoy 12 069 0.704 042 18.470 N 071 01.940 W Lighted Red Buoy 10-Jun-01

005 1 11210 Dor. Bay Lighted Buoy 5 041 0.764 042 19.050 N 071 01.267 W Lighted Green Buoy 10-Jun-01

006 1 11200 Dor. Bay Buoy 3 065 0.931 042 19.450 N 071 00.130 W Green Can 10-Jun-01

007 1 11579 Western Way Buoy 9 126 0.392 042 19.220 N 070 59.700 W Green Can 10-Jun-01

008 1 Right Pier Long Island Bridge 137 0.856 042 18.520 N 070 58.820 W Right Pier of Bridge 10-Jun-01

009 1 11554 Western Way Lighted Buoy 4 139 0.993 042 17.770 N 070 57.940 W Lighted Red Buoy 10-Jun-01

010 1 11514 Peddocks Is, Channel Buoy 2P 073 0.580 042 17.940 N 070 57.190 W Red Nun 10-Jun-01

011 1 11395 Nantasket Rds Lighted Buoy 11 064 1.638 042 18.660 N 070 55.200 W Lighted Green Buoy Fl G 2.5s 10-Jun-01

012 1 11370 Nantasket Rds Lighted Buoy 9 058 0.596 042 18.980 N 070 54.520 W Green Buoy 10-Jun-01

013 1 11355 Nantasket Roads Lighted Buoy 3 086 1.298 042 19.080 N 070 52.770 W Green Buoy 10-Jun-01

014 1 00435 Harding Ledge Lighted Bell Buoy 1HL 109 1.700 042 18.520 N 070 50.600 W Lighted Green Buoy Fl G 4s 10-Jun-01

015 1 00445 Davis Ledge Lighted Gong Buoy 1DL 118 4.765 042 16.300 N 070 44.900 W Green Buoy

N W

016 1 12258 Scituate Approach Lighted Gong Buoy SA 152 4.751 042 12.100 N 070 41.900 W Red and White Stripes

017 1 12490 Farnum Rock Lighted Bell Buoy 6 148 7.656 042 05.620 N 070 36.400 W Red Buoy

018 1 13035 Mary Ann Rocks Lighted Whistle Buoy 12 157 11.426 041 55.100 N 070 30.400 W Red Buoy

019 1 13065 Cape Cod Canal Entrance Buoy 7 176 8.521 041 46.600 N 070 29.600 W Red Buoy

EXCEL provides a more extensive media for a waypoint list than your

GPS set.

Use a simple waypoint numbering system to identify waypoints and avoid clutter on your GPS screen.

i.e. 001, 002, 003, 004, etc.

A great tool to use when you validate your waypoints and create routes.

Also use EXCEL to create a list of Waypoints for each route that your create.

Always pre-plot all waypoints on aAlways pre-plot all waypoints on a

nautical chart and measure thenautical chart and measure the

distance and bearing betweendistance and bearing between

waypoints.waypoints.

• Verify on your chart that the trip Verify on your chart that the trip legs are planned in safe water.legs are planned in safe water.

• Record the data on a Trip Log.Record the data on a Trip Log.

• Select waypoints that can be easily verified by other methods--visual fixes, soundings, radar, etc.

NEVER rely on one

means of navigation.

GPS 76 & Meridian Map Screen

Fields can be changed and re-sized.

WPT and ATON icons can be resized.

KISS – Keep it simple.

You can make up your own screen layout.

DIRECTIONAL SCREEN

Bearing to Waypoint

Pointer to Waypoint

Course over ground

Destination Waypoint

Distance to Waypoint

Speed over ground

User selectable field

Poor selection of a Waypoint ID

GPS 76 & Meridian Screen

Poor selection of a

waypoint.

Highway Screen

Bearing to Waypoint

Course over ground

Distance to Waypoint

Speed over ground

Destination Waypoint

CDI scale

User selectable field

GPS 76 & Meridian Highway Screen

GPS Position PageGPS Position Page

TimeTime

Direction bar at

top of screen.

Course and Speed

Mileage and Altitude

Position

This is not a compass reading!

NAVIGATING WITH WAYPOINTS

Using GPSUsing GPSto Navigateto Navigate

Identify waypoint locations Identify waypoint locations

or the direction & distance or the direction & distance between them. between them.

Using GPSUsing GPSto Navigateto Navigate

• Plan a series of waypoints.Plan a series of waypoints.

• Check for obstacles between Check for obstacles between them—shoals, rocks, islands.them—shoals, rocks, islands.

• Check 1/4 mile either side of Check 1/4 mile either side of your planned course for your planned course for obstacles.obstacles.

GOTO NavigationGOTO Navigation• Used by any boat in Used by any boat in

open water to navigate open water to navigate to a single waypoint.to a single waypoint.

• Useful functions:Useful functions:– Range and BearingRange and Bearing– Speed of ApproachSpeed of Approach– TurnTurn

Range and BearingRange and Bearing

• The distance and direction The distance and direction to a waypoint.to a waypoint.

• Probably the most useful Probably the most useful of all navigation functions.of all navigation functions.

• Know your units: Know your units: true vs. magnetic, true vs. magnetic, statute vs. nauticalstatute vs. nautical

3.2

NM, 0

30°

Course To SteerCourse To Steer

• Course To Steer gets you back to the Course To Steer gets you back to the course line at a 45° intercept to try to course line at a 45° intercept to try to keep you out of troublekeep you out of trouble

BearingCTS

Desired Course Line

Third Reef

TR 224

D 3.1

TR 2

25D 2

.4ANIMATION

WP 2

WP 1

WP 3

Establish a XTE safety

zone

Measure, plot, and label your course lines.

Update your Trip Log.

Determine the LAT/LON for

each Waypoint and establish Waypoints in

your GPS.

On your nautical chart, stick small labels

showing the Waypoint Number beside each

WPT.

Plotting GPS PositionsPlotting GPS Positions

• Check your location periodically Check your location periodically so that you will have a last known so that you will have a last known position in the event of GPS position in the event of GPS receiver failure.receiver failure.

• Always plot your trips on a Always plot your trips on a nautical chart. I use MAPTECH.nautical chart. I use MAPTECH.

• Always prepare a Trip Log.Always prepare a Trip Log.

GPS TipsGPS Tips

NEVER rely on any one means of

navigation.

GPS TipsGPS Tips

• Use hand-held GPS units as backups Use hand-held GPS units as backups to ship-mounted units. to ship-mounted units. Carry extra batteriesCarry extra batteries

• Always use conventional paper Always use conventional paper charts with your GPS.charts with your GPS.

GPS TipsGPS Tips• Practice use of GPS during ideal Practice use of GPS during ideal

conditions to ensure familiarity with conditions to ensure familiarity with controls and procedures.controls and procedures.

• Keep the GPS Operation Manual Keep the GPS Operation Manual aboard and read it carefully to master aboard and read it carefully to master the essential features of your GPS--the essential features of your GPS--there may not be time to do this in an there may not be time to do this in an emergency.emergency.

• Be patient but consistent.Be patient but consistent.

• It is important to It is important to check your chart check your chart before establishing before establishing WPTs.WPTs.

• If the course crosses If the course crosses an island, the GPS an island, the GPS receiver will direct receiver will direct you to navigate into you to navigate into this hazard.this hazard.

WPT 02

WPT 01

Why create a route?Why create a route?• Routes are lists of sequential Routes are lists of sequential

waypoints.waypoints.

• GPS can automatically advance GPS can automatically advance you to the next waypoint.you to the next waypoint.

• Routes can be reversed to retrace Routes can be reversed to retrace your original track.your original track.

• Routes keep you from wandering Routes keep you from wandering into danger and shorten distance into danger and shorten distance traveledtraveled

WP 1

WP 4

WP 2

WP 3

Editing RoutesEditing Routes• GPS receivers should allow you to GPS receivers should allow you to

delete, move, or append delete, move, or append waypoints.waypoints.

• In this case:In this case:

WPT 2 has been deleted.WPT 2 has been deleted.

WPT 3 has been moved.WPT 3 has been moved.

WPT 4 has been appended.WPT 4 has been appended.

WPT 2

WPT 3

WPT 1

WP 4

WPT 2

WPT 3WPT 3

• Used by boats under power when they have to stay in a channel or follow an exact course line

• Useful functions:– Cross Track Error (XTE)– Course To Steer (CRS)– Time To Go (TTG)– Automatic course

change at next waypoint (WPT)

– Total distance to end of route (DTG)

– Total time to end of route.

ROUTE NavigationROUTE Navigation

WPT 1

WPT 2

DangerBearings

BEARING with DANGERTO STARBOARD

120

Good place for a waypoint.

NLT or NMT 120???

BEARING with DANGERTO THE RIGHT

005

NLT or NMT 120???

BEARING FROM BOAT TOATON IS LESS THAN

DANGER BEARING - DANGER

BEARING with DANGERTO THE RIGHT

NLT 120

BEARING FROM BOAT TOATON IS MORE THAN

DANGER BEARING - OK

BEARING with DANGERTO STARBOARD

240

BEARING with DANGERTO PORT

007

NLT OR NMT 240???

BEARING with DANGERTO THE LEFT

NLT OR NMT 240???

BEARING FROM BOAT TOATON IS MORE THAN

DANGER BEARING - DANGER

BEARING with DANGERTO THE LEFT

NMT 240

BEARING with DANGERTO THE LEFT

BEARING FROM BOAT TOATON IS NO MORE THAN

DANGER BEARING - OK