eeg electrical surveying ip
DESCRIPTION
yapTRANSCRIPT
Introduction
Electrical surveying…
Resistivity method
Induced polarization method (IP)
Self-potential (SP) method
Higher frequency methods (electromagnetic surv
Electromagnetic induction methods
Ground penetrating radar (GPR)
Induced polarization me
The induced polarization method makes use o capacitive action of the subsurface to locate zo clay and conductive minerals are disseminated host rocks
Application
Exploration of metalliferous mineral deposits
Clay location for hydrogeological surveys
Mapping electrochemical reactions for polluta ground
Structure of the lectu
Basic IP theory and units
IP properties of rocks
Survey strategies and interpretation
Conclusions
1. Basic IP theory and units
Basic theory
Membrane polarizatio
Electrode polarizatio
Note that membrane and electrode polarizations ca separately identified!
Time-domain IP
1 t2
M a = V0 ∫t1 V
Ma is the apparent ch milliseconds (ms)
Frequency-domain I
FE =100 ρa DC
ρ
FE is the percent frequ
ρaDC is the apparent res low frequency (0.05-0.
ρaAC is the apparent resi higher frequency (1-10
Frequency-domain I
MF = 2π ⋅105 (ρ
aDC −
ρ
aAC )= 2π ⋅105
ρaDC
ρaAC
MF is the metal factor in Siemens per meters (S/
This normalization removes to a certain effect th variation of IP effect
with the effective resistivity the host rock (ρaDC )
Spectral induced polarizatio
For a complete description of the IP phenomen frequencies are not enough.
The SIP technique frequency spectrum ranging from 10-2 to 104 H
The shift between the current and the potential discriminate between various metallic ores or
2. IP properties of rocks
IP versus resistivity
Chargeability of miner
Concentration 1 %, current injection time 3 s, int
Chargeability of rock
Current injection time 3 s, integration time 0.02 s
IP effect…
… is higher for disseminated than massive cla metallic particles
… depends on the concentration of clay and m particles
…increases if water in the ground has a low co
… increases with decreasing porosity
…varies with the amount of water in the groun
…depends on the current intensity and the cur frequency
3. Survey strategies and interpretatio
IP measurement
Different measurement devices for Time-dom Frequency-domain IP
Same electrode arrays (for mapping and sound conventional resistivity
Sensitive to telluric noise
Sensitive to noise resulting from electromagne between adjacent wires (dipole-dipole array ve
Stability of potential measurements can be a p non polarizable electrodes, see lecture on SP s
Interpretation
Mainly qualitative, more complex than for resi
Inversion using iterative algorithms (similar to
For SIP, getting information on material struct size of pores) using the Cole-Cole model
Mi
4. Conclusions
Advantages
Detection of disseminated mineral (difficult w resistivity)
Method sensitive to clay in aquifers
Drawbacks
Same disadvantages than resistivity method
Electrochemical phenomena are still not well u
IP surveys is slow and more expensive than re surveys