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Effect of air pollution exposure during pregnancy on the steroid profile of newborns

Rüedi S*, Proietti Elena*, Gorlanova O, Dick B, Flück C, Röösli M, Latzin P, M. Frey B, Frey U

• Prenatal air pollution exposure has adverse effects on the infant’s respiratory system.

• One pathway involved might be via oxidative stress, possibly leading to a modified pattern of steroid production.

Introduction

We examined a possible association of air pollution exposure during pregnancy and steroid

metabolites in the newborn’s urine.

Aim

Air Pollution

pregnancy

Steroids profile

at one month

Methods – BILD cohort

Prenatal recruitment

Age 1 month

Urin collection

Air Pollution

pregnancy

Steroids profile

at one month

Methods – exposure and outcome

PM10 from background monitoring station

NO2• background monitoring

station and • hybrid time-space

regression model

• Spot urine• mass spectrometry/

gas chromatography

Air Pollution

pregnancy

Steroids profile

at one month

Methods - statistic

season

distance to roadurban areasmoking exposuresocio-economic status

Sex, gestational age, weight delivery mode

Adjusted for:

5β-reductase

α-cortolone β-cortolone

THE

DHE5α-DHF

5β-reductase

3αHSD

α-cortolβ-cortol

20aHSD/20βHSD

THF α-THF

3αHSD6β-OHF

CYP3A

Cortisone E

Cortisol F 11- β HSD2 (NAD+)

11- β HSD1 (NADH)

5β-DHF

Methods - steroids

Results – PM10 (aRR per 10mg/m3 PM10 increase)

All1.46 (1.06/2.02)

Cortisol/Cortisone1.04 (0.81/1.34)

Branche F1.42 (0.96/2.1)

Branche E1.45 (1.06/1.99)

All metabolites1.6 (1.14/2.28)

Branche F metabolites1.62 (1.04/2.54)

Branche E metabolites1.60 (1.14/2.23)

N=129

Results – NO2 background (aRR per 10mg/m3 NO2 increase)

AllNo association

Cortisol/CortisoneNo association

Branche FNo association

Branche ENo association

All metabolitesNo association6βOH cortisol

4.9 (1.6/14.9)*

4.10 (1.6/10.6)

*Pathologic CTG aRR 1.6 (1/2.5)

N=120

*distance to road (50m)

aRR 0.98 (0.97/0.99)

Results – NO2 model (aRR per 10mg/m3 NO2 increase)

AllNo association

Cortisol/CortisoneNo association

Branche FNo association

Branche ENo association

All metabolitesNo association6βOH cortisol

1.3 (0.9/1.7)

6βOH cortisol/F

1.14 (0.9/1.5)

N=120

Conclusions

PM10 exposure during pregnancy is associated with an overall increase of stress steroids production.

Air pollution exposure during pregnancy is associated with alterations of the steroid profiles in newborns’ urine.

Conclusions

If air pollution modelling was purely based on home location of mothers without considering maternal mobility, the risk ratio significantly decreased

background NO2 is associated with increased 6bOH-cortisol 6bOH-F/F ratio, which may suggest induction of the cytochrome enzymes.

Even at low environmental doses of air pollution we found steroids response as know trigger such as perinatal stress

Thank you

Elena.proietti@ukbb.ch

OHF RR CI CINo2 background 4.96 1.64 14.94sex 1.00 0.73 1.37Gest age 0.89 0.79 0.99sectio 0.99 0.66 1.48smoke 0.89 0.60 1.32education mid 0.75 0.48 1.16education upper 0.72 0.47 1.12studywgt 1.00 1.00 1.00Road dist 50m 0.98 0.97 1.00urban 0.90 0.65 1.25season 1.56 0.92 2.65

p-value0.011.000.040.960.550.190.150.020.010.540.10

Methods - DAG

Air pollution Steroids

SESPregnancy behaviour psychological stress

Maternaleducation

Season sex

Gestational age + weight

sectio

Smoking

Urban/rural home

PM10 effect on overall steroids production – different adjustments

PM 10 models

adjustments

crude season perinatal traffic perinatal+traffic

RR

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Air Pollution exposure of the BILD cohort (region of Bern – Switzerland)

05

10

15

20

25

Fre

que

ncy

10 20 30 40NO2 model

05

10

15

20

Fre

que

ncy

12 14 16 18 20NO2 background

01

02

03

04

05

0F

req

uenc

y

10 15 20 25PM10 background

European Environment Agency – NO2 annual averages 2005