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WELL COMEWELL COME

IN SOCIOLOGY IN SOCIOLOGY

BY GA BY GA

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TOPIC FOR PRESNTATIONTOPIC FOR PRESNTATION

EFFECT OF EFFECT OF CULTURE ON CULTURE ON ILLNESSILLNESS

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Health SystemHealth System

• A set of cultural beliefs and practices;

• the institutional arrangements; and

• the socio-economic, political & physical context

Health system includes environmental conditions, nutrition, water supply, education, housing, status of women, social structures, economic and political system

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Factors influencing health Factors influencing health service utilizationservice utilization

•Age/sex of child

•Family size/ equivalence

•Education

•Occupation

Socio-demographic factors

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•Attitudes of health provider

•Satisfaction with the treatment

•Received medicines from Health Facility/Health Care Provider

•Received prescription for medicines

to be purchased from bazaar

Health service factorsHealth service factors

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PROVISION OF HEALTH CARE

PRODUCING HEALTH

Focus on Life-styles

Focus on the Environment

Shift focus from individuals to populations

Cost-effective health care

Evidence-based decision/ policy

Resources to sector that contribute to health

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GOVT. HEALTHSERVICES:

WEAKNESSES

Insufficient focus on Prevention/Promotion

Gender Imbalances

Excessive centralization of management

Political Interference

Lack of sincerity

Weak human resource development

Lack of integration

Lack of Healthy Public Policy

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CULTURE AND ILLNESSCULTURE AND ILLNESS

Culture is a sociological Culture is a sociological phenomenon where is basically a phenomenon where is basically a physical, mental or logical ailment. physical, mental or logical ailment.

If traced, the rote of culture and If traced, the rote of culture and also are as deaf as the history of also are as deaf as the history of disease. disease.

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Cont…Cont…

Things become quite complicated Things become quite complicated when culture begun to over shadow when culture begun to over shadow the already weakly delicate field of the already weakly delicate field of health and sickness negatively many health and sickness negatively many deep rooted beliefs of culture can deep rooted beliefs of culture can hamper positive development. hamper positive development.

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CHANGE OF ROLECHANGE OF ROLE

When a person become ill, it not only When a person become ill, it not only upsets him mentally but also leads to upsets him mentally but also leads to disturbances in the family and other social disturbances in the family and other social relationships. relationships.

An adult person has lone duties and An adult person has lone duties and responsibilities in the family. Sickness responsibilities in the family. Sickness interferes in their fulfillment, particularly if interferes in their fulfillment, particularly if the sick person has to be admitted in a the sick person has to be admitted in a hospital for his treatment. hospital for his treatment.

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MALE DOMINANCEMALE DOMINANCE

In a our society where make In a our society where make superiority is a dominating factor, superiority is a dominating factor, the culturally nourished pride of the culturally nourished pride of make patients may be heart and it make patients may be heart and it can be shocking for them when they can be shocking for them when they find a female doctor challenging find a female doctor challenging them by prescribing a scientific and them by prescribing a scientific and accurate prescription. accurate prescription.

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Cont…Cont…

Moreover, they are long taken care Moreover, they are long taken care of by female nurses and have to of by female nurses and have to listen to them patiently through out listen to them patiently through out their stay in the hospital. their stay in the hospital.

Patient may prefer to cope with Patient may prefer to cope with their problem the have way as that their problem the have way as that of bears who take cover and do not of bears who take cover and do not die even with no food intake during die even with no food intake during that periodthat period

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ELDERLY PATIENTELDERLY PATIENT

Older patients may, at times, find the Older patients may, at times, find the treatment either too challenging or too treatment either too challenging or too improper. They find it difficult to adjust in improper. They find it difficult to adjust in hospital. The doctors and nurses may be hospital. The doctors and nurses may be considering extra interested. The trained considering extra interested. The trained specialist has their professional obligations. specialist has their professional obligations.

When the old age with the traditionally When the old age with the traditionally clarified image feel & motivated, the clarified image feel & motivated, the outcome may not be very encouraging. In outcome may not be very encouraging. In other words, that culture honors'. other words, that culture honors'.

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THE POOR PATIENTSTHE POOR PATIENTS

The poor or socially degraded The poor or socially degraded patients have an inborn tendency for patients have an inborn tendency for self-priority. As they are denied self-priority. As they are denied respect by the society, they expect respect by the society, they expect extra are when they are extended a extra are when they are extended a warm welcome in the hospital. warm welcome in the hospital.

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DOCTOR’S ROLEDOCTOR’S ROLE

In our society, cultural implications In our society, cultural implications for doctors in therapy are like a barbed-for doctors in therapy are like a barbed-wire fence for the soldier. wire fence for the soldier.

He has to cope with many He has to cope with many professional barriers, cultural drawbacks professional barriers, cultural drawbacks and individuals’ characteristics before and individuals’ characteristics before being able to draw out wounded from the being able to draw out wounded from the jaws of illness. jaws of illness.

A doctor should, therefore, be fully A doctor should, therefore, be fully aware of his role in this regard in addition aware of his role in this regard in addition to this professional competency.to this professional competency.

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NURSE ROLENURSE ROLE

A good Nurse should know A good Nurse should know nursing thoroughly. In a developing nursing thoroughly. In a developing country like Pakistan, responsibilities country like Pakistan, responsibilities of a nurse are greatly enhanced of a nurse are greatly enhanced because she / he has to play an because she / he has to play an important role of reforming those important role of reforming those people that she comes across as people that she comes across as patients. patients.

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Cont…Cont…

Poverty and illiteracy are the tub basic Poverty and illiteracy are the tub basic problems in developing countries. A nurse problems in developing countries. A nurse should guide the people how they should should guide the people how they should have good health, physically mentally, and have good health, physically mentally, and socially. She should teach them the socially. She should teach them the importance of cleanliness a balance diet and importance of cleanliness a balance diet and good living condition she should also give good living condition she should also give them the concept of vaccination against them the concept of vaccination against many disease also of the family planning. many disease also of the family planning. She can develop in them a confidence to She can develop in them a confidence to consult a doctor when ever they are ill. consult a doctor when ever they are ill.

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RELATIVESRELATIVES

Frequently, there are problems Frequently, there are problems about communication because about communication because relatives may not know how much to relatives may not know how much to discuss with the patient. Discussion discuss with the patient. Discussion between the patients of his relatives between the patients of his relatives about the importance aspects of about the importance aspects of illness. These things are difficult to illness. These things are difficult to have in a hospital setting. have in a hospital setting.

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Cont…Cont…

When a persons falls ill his relatives When a persons falls ill his relatives show a lot of interest in the beginning show a lot of interest in the beginning they try to help and support him in they try to help and support him in every way than can. With the passage every way than can. With the passage of time visitors and phone calls of time visitors and phone calls gradually reduce and the close relatives gradually reduce and the close relatives of the patient are often left of the patient are often left unsupported, just at the time when unsupported, just at the time when difficult decisions have be made for difficult decisions have be made for him. him.

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VISITORSVISITORS

It can be very tiring for the It can be very tiring for the patients if they have to talk to the patients if they have to talk to the visitors continuously for a long time. visitors continuously for a long time. The visitors often ask a lot of The visitors often ask a lot of questions that usually leave a questions that usually leave a negative effect as for as the recovery negative effect as for as the recovery of the patients is concerned. of the patients is concerned.

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Cont…Cont…

In the hospital, most ill matched In the hospital, most ill matched visitors often arrive together. All visitors often arrive together. All these factors distributed the patients these factors distributed the patients mentally and emotionally. It is the mentally and emotionally. It is the responsibilities of the ward responsibilities of the ward administration to talk care of these administration to talk care of these things, which are play a very decisive things, which are play a very decisive role in the recovery of the patients. role in the recovery of the patients.

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PATIENT AT HOMEPATIENT AT HOME

The patients retain a grater degree The patients retain a grater degree autonomy and control at home. As a autonomy and control at home. As a result, the nursing care becomes more result, the nursing care becomes more difficult of home as the patient may be difficult of home as the patient may be willing to comply with the treatment willing to comply with the treatment prescribed by the doctor or the advice the prescribed by the doctor or the advice the nurse in a home situation. nurse in a home situation.

Nurses are usually better than Nurses are usually better than relation at giving all the possible care to relation at giving all the possible care to the patients in his home environment. the patients in his home environment.

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PROLONGED ILLNESSPROLONGED ILLNESS: :

Prolonged illness in a home setting Prolonged illness in a home setting often result in isolation of the family as a often result in isolation of the family as a whole. As a result of additional difficult of whole. As a result of additional difficult of amusing a lot of visitors, the members of amusing a lot of visitors, the members of the family do not give them a warm the family do not give them a warm welcome either. welcome either.

Direct patient care may be secondary Direct patient care may be secondary importance where a person is available importance where a person is available who could take care, it helps and support who could take care, it helps and support of a nurse is made available. of a nurse is made available.

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CULTURAL INFLUENCED ON HEALTH CULTURAL INFLUENCED ON HEALTH CARECARE

Cultural beliefs and practices are an Cultural beliefs and practices are an important part of data gathering in the important part of data gathering in the nursing assessment. nursing assessment.

Nurses continuously encounter belief Nurses continuously encounter belief and practices that may facilitate or and practices that may facilitate or unpaidunpaid nursing intervention, including attitudes nursing intervention, including attitudes towards family planning, food, via, and towards family planning, food, via, and yolk ways that are firmly fixed in the yolk ways that are firmly fixed in the culture the language of the patient may be culture the language of the patient may be different from that of the larger culture. different from that of the larger culture.