effect of seeding rate on paired- 15-inch and single-38-inch row cotton yield daniel o. stephenson,...
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Effect of Seeding Rate on Paired-15-Inch and Single-38-Inch Row
Cotton Yield
Daniel O. Stephenson, IV, Shawn W. Lancaster, and Alan B. Beach
Northeast Research and Extension Center
15-Inch Cotton:What are you talking about?
15-Inch Cotton:What does it look like?
Solid 15-inch Rows – Flat Planted
15” apart
15” apart
15” apart
15” apart
15-Inch Cotton:What does it look like?
Paired 15-inch Rows – Planted on Raised Beds
36,38, or 40” center
15” apart
21, 23, or 25” middle
21, 23, or 25” middle
15” apart
36,38, or 40” center
2006 ResearchPlanting Pattern x Seeding Rate
• Paired-15-inch and Single-38-inch rows• 25,000, 40,000, 45,000, 55,000, and 65,000 seeds/acre
Paired 15-Inch vs. Single 38-inch cotton
Northeast Research and Extension Center – Keiser, AR
University Research Farm at the Judd Hill Plantation – Trumann, AR
Paired 15-Inch vs. Single 38-inch cotton
• Judd Hill– Dundee Silt Loam– 38” raised bed spacing– Stoneville 4554 B2RF– Planted May 31st
– Harvested: October 12th
• Keiser– Sharkey Clay– 38” raised bed spacing– Stoneville 4554 B2RF– Planted: May 30th
– Did not harvest!!!!!!
Paired 15-Inch vs. Single 38-inch cotton
Hipper-Bedder Hipper-Roller
Paired 15-Inch vs. Single 38-inch cotton
Category 3 Hook-ups
Paired 15-Inch vs. Single 38-inch cotton
• Both sites furrow-irrigated
Paired 15-Inch vs. Single 38-inch cottonKeiser Judd Hill
DOP May 30 May 31
Fertility 215 lbs/A 0-13-41 – Oct 24, 2005
65 lb N/A (urea) – June 16 54 lb N/A (urea) – May 15
50 lb N/A (urea) – Aug. 1 36 lb N/A (urea) – July 10
Herbicide Cotoran @ 1 qt/A – May 30 Prowl @ 1.5 pt/A + Cotoran 1.5 pt/A – April 24
RWM @ 23 oz/A – June 9 RWM @ 16 oz/A + Staple @ 1 oz/A – June 16
RWM @ 23 oz/A – June 26
Insecticide Trimax @ 1.5 oz/A – July 21 Bidrin 8 @ 3 oz/A – June 15
Orthene @ 0.6 lb/A – Aug. 1
Growth Mgnt. Pix @ 12 oz/A – July 20
Pix @ 16 oz/A – Aug. 3
DefoliationFirstPick @ 16 oz/A + Aim @ 0.33 oz/A + COC @ 0.25 % v/v – Sept. 22
Finish @ 1 qt/A + Ginstar @ 4 oz/A – Sept. 24
Dropp @ 6.4 oz/A + Folex @ 1 pt/A + FirstPick @ 12 oz/A – Oct. 2
Paired 15-Inch vs. Single 38-inch cotton
P la n t H e ig h ts - K e is e r - J u ly
1 4
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
2 0
Inch
es
P aired 15 -in ch S in g le 38 -in ch
P la n t H e ig h ts - J u d d H ill - Au g u s t
4 0
4 2
4 4
4 6
4 8
5 0
Inch
es
P aired 15 -in ch S in g le 38 -in ch
A
B
A
B
Growth of a cotton plant
Monopodial Nodes (Vegetative)
Sympodial Nodes (Fruiting)
Monopodial(Vegetative)
Branch
Sympodial(Fruiting)Branch
Sympodial Branch
Main-Stem Leaf
Sympodial Leaves
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
14
15
Adapted from: D.M. Oosterhuis - Growth and Development of a Cotton Plant – Univ. of AR CES MP 332
Paired 15-Inch vs. Single 38-inch cotton
• Plant Mapping – COTMAP– Plant Structure
• FN = 1st fruiting node
• M = # of monopodial (vegetative) branches
• S = # of sympodial (fruiting) branches
• ES = Highest sympodial branch with boll in 1st position
• H2 = # of sympodial branches with 2 nodes
• TN = # of total nodes
• PHT = Plant height
• IL = Internode length
Paired 15-Inch vs. Single 38-inch cotton
• Plant Mapping – COTMAP– Yield Variables
• TB = # of total bolls
• B1 = % of TB in 1st position
• B2 = % of TB in 2nd position
• OB = % of TB in outer positions
• MB = % of TB as monopodial branch bolls
• XB = % of TB as axillary bolls
• BR1 = retention of 1st position bolls
• BR2 = Retention of 2nd position bolls
• EBR = Sum of 1st & 2nd position bolls on lowest 5 sympodial branches
Judd Hill Plantation
Dundee Silt Loam
Plant Structure Variables – Judd Hill
3 6
3 7
3 8
3 9
4 0
4 1
4 2
4 3
4 4
4 5
4 6
P a ire d-1 5 " S ingle -3 8 "
Inch
es
2
2 .1
2 .2
2 .3
2 .4
2 .5
2 .6
2 .7
2 .8
2 .9
3
Inch
esP la nt He ight In te rno de L e ngth
A
B
a
b
Plant Structure Variables – Judd Hill
Single-38” Paired-15”
Paired-15” vs. Single-38”• No differences in:
– # of monopodial branches– # of sympodial branches– # of sympodial with 2 nodes– # of sympodial with boll in 1st
position– # of total nodes
Seeding Rate• No differences in any variable
Yield Variables – Judd HillS e e d in g R a te E ffe c t
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
B 1 B R 2
Per
cent
2 5 K 4 0 K 4 5 K 5 5 K 6 5 K
B1 = % total bolls in 1st position
BR2 = Retention of 2nd position bolls
a
bc
ab
cc
aab
b
abb
Seed Cotton Yield – Judd Hill
1 8 0 0
2 0 0 0
2 2 0 0
2 4 0 0
2 6 0 0
2 8 0 0
P a ire d -1 5 " S ing le -3 8 "
LB
/AC
RE
2 5 K 4 0 K 4 5 K 5 5 K 6 5 K
NO DIFFERENCE IN YIELD!
Northeast Res. & Ext. Cntr. – Keiser
Sharkey Clay
Plant Structure Variables – Keiser
0
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
S TN
Num
ber
P aire d -1 5 " S ing le -3 8 "
S = # of sympodial branches
TN = # of total nodes
• Internode length– single-38” > paired-15”
ab
ab
Plant Structure Variables - KeiserS e e d in g R a te E ffe c t
0
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
S TN
Num
ber
2 5 K 4 0 K 4 5 K 5 5 K 6 5 K
a ab b b
abc
abbc c
S = # of sympodial branches
TN = # of total nodes
# o f M o n o p o d ia l B ra n c h e s
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
P a ire d -1 5 " S ing le -3 8 "
Num
ber
2 5 K 4 0 K 4 5 K 5 5 K 6 5 K
Plant Structure Variables – Keiser
a
d
c
b
c
No Difference
Yield Variables – Keiser
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
B 1 B R 1
Per
cent
P aire d -1 5 " S ing le -3 8 "
B1 = % total bolls in 1st position
BR1 = Retention of 1st position bolls
a
b
a
b
Yield Variables – Keiser
T o ta l B o lls / P la n t
6
6 .5
7
7 .5
8
8 .5
9
9 .5
1 0
Num
ber
P aire d -1 5 " S ing le -3 8 "
a
b
T o ta l B o lls / P la n t
4
6
8
1 0
1 2
1 4
1 6
Num
ber
2 5 K 4 0 K 4 5 K 5 5 K 6 5 K
a
b b
cc
Yield Variables – Keiser
25,000 17,500
40,000 28,000
45,000 31,500
55,000 38,500
65,000 45,500
Seed/Acre Plants/Acre
Based on 70% survival that was observed
T o ta l B o lls / A c re
2 4 0
2 6 0
2 8 0
3 0 0
Bo
lls/A
cre
(x
10
00
)
P aire d -1 5 " S ing le -3 8 "
a
b
Yield Variables – Keiser
2 4 0 0
2 6 0 0
2 8 0 0
3 0 0 0
LB
/Ac
re
P aire d -1 5 " S ing le -3 8 "
Based on 100 bolls = 1 lb seed cotton
Seed Cotton Yield
Summary
• Judd Hill – Silt loam soil type
– Plant height & internode length
• Paired-15” < Single-38”
– No difference in yield
– Growth management! 28 oz/A Pix applied!
Summary
• Keiser – Clay soil type
– Paired-15” > Single-38” cotton
• # of sympodial branches
• # of total nodes
– NOT plant height
– Single-38” > Paired-15” cotton
• % total bolls in 1st position
• Retention of bolls in 1st position
Summary
• Keiser – Clay soil type
– Paired-15” > Single-38” cotton
• Total bolls/plant
• Total bolls/acre (based upon 70% survival)
• Seed cotton yield (based on 100 bolls = 1 lb seed
cotton)
– No seeding rate effect
Conclusions
• Research on best seeding rate for paired-
15” and solid-15” is still on-going
• 15” cotton may provide a benefit to
producers who farm “less than
exceptional” cotton land
Planned Future Research
Planting pattern x seeding rate
– Planting pattern
• Paired-15” (on 38”-raised beds)
• Paired-7.5” (on 38”-raised beds)
• Single-38” (on 38”-raised beds)
– Seeding rate
• 20,000
• 35,000
• 45,000
• 55,000
• 65,000
• 75,000
• 90,000
Planting pattern x seeding configuration
– Planting pattern
• Paired-15” (on 38”-raised beds)
• Paired-7.5” (on 38”-raised beds)
• Single-38” (on 38”-raised beds)
– Seeding configuration
• Drill-type seed plate
– Various seeding rates
• Hill-drop-type seed plate
– 2-hole @ various seeding rates
– 3-hole @ various seeding rates
Questions?