effectiveness of contracted community corrections programs
TRANSCRIPT
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Effectiveness of Contracted Community Corrections Programs in Reducing RecidivismPerformance Audit 18P-05
June 2020
Amber Robbins
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Types of Community Corrections Programs
•Assessment/Sanction
•Treatment
•Prerelease
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Community Corrections Programs and Operators
$43.9 million for FY2019 (excludes MASC)
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Scope• Regular bed space
• Department decision-making
• FY2016 through FY2018 or FY2019
• Scope limitation: access to screening packets (pages 6 and 7)
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Objectives
•1) Contract Management and Monitoring
•2) Ensuring Appropriate Offender Placement
•3) Measuring Effectiveness
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Objective 1Contract Management and Monitoring
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There has been a decrease in communication and coordination.
The department is working on improving this.
Conclusion (page 13)
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No written contract for one prerelease since
September 2017
Amendments not timely and not signed last by
department
Expanded treatment contract capacity without
public notice
Paid over $400,000 for empty bed space and
financing-related support at two meth programs
State Contracting Policy and Best
Practices Were Not Followed
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Recommendation #1 (page 16)Follow state contracting policy and best practices:A. Maintain written contracts when paying for
services.B. Make amendments timely and sign after
contractor.C. Provide public notice when expanding
treatment contracts.D. Avoid paying for empty bed space.
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Contracts are Not Sufficiently MonitoredFindings from QA audits
• Inconsistent follow-up with written corrective action
• No timelines or expectations for follow-up on QA audits
Contractors not evaluated for performance
• Unclear standards for performance
• Quarterly reporting and invoice tracking instead of performance evaluation
• Site visits not conducted every 6 months and not documented
• Other states clearly evaluate performance
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Recommendation #2 (page 18)Improve the monitoring of community corrections contracts by developing:
A. Standard timelines and expectations for following up on findings from quality assurance audits.
B. Standards for regularly evaluating the performance of community corrections contractors.
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Lengthy Contract Terms Limit the Ability to Make Changes
Contract Contract Term Bond Maturity DatePassages 2007-2025 October 2025Alpha House PRC 2005-2025 October 2017 (paid off)Elkhorn 2007-2027 October 2026Helena PRC 2005-2025 October 2020 (paid off July 2019)START 2010-2030 N/ACCP East & West 2010-2017 N/ANexus 2007-2027 October 2026WATCh East & West 2010-2017 N/AButte PRC & WTC 2005-2025 N/AGCRP 2005-2017 N/AGreat Falls PRC 2005-2025 April 2021Missoula PRC 2005-2025 October 2018 (paid off in FY18)
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Recommendation #3 (page 21)
A. Limit future contracts to seven years or fewer.
B. Seek legislation to limit the terms of the community corrections contracts.
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Objective 2Ensuring Appropriate Offender Placement
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Shift to Shorter Treatment First
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2016 2017 2018
More offenders were placed in 90-daytreatment programs than in 6-month or 9-month treatment programs.
This had unintended consequences.
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Conclusion (page 28)
• Statutory and department policy changes related to least restrictive placement first has created inefficiencies.
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Focusing on the Right Offenders
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2016 2017 2018
Risk Assessments in OMIS
YesYes
NoNo
012345678
Treatment PRC
Focused on Moderate or Higher Risk in 2018
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Focusing on the Right Offenders• Risk is not driving placement (not news)• No electronic data on treatment needsLevel of care recommendation didn’t always match placement
• The department does not analyze placement data• Other states use data to assess offender placement in community corrections
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Recommendation #4 (page 33)
Develop processes to:A. Ensure risk and need drive placement
in community correctionsB. Collect data that will allow the
department to broadly examine placement in community corrections
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Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Evaluations• Are not standardized• Results in inconsistency Screening packet review: different tools different levels of information provided for screening
• Other states have standardized SUD evaluations for offenders referred to community corrections
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Recommendation #5 (page 35)
Require standardized SUD evaluations on offenders referred to community corrections programs.
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Pre-authorizationsNot Timely
• PFB - 15 business days• Director -15 business days• 13 of 50 not timely• Wait at assessment centers
• $80 to $100 per day
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Recommendation #6 (page 36)
Ensure pre-authorizations for sexual and violent offenders are conducted in timelines outlined in policy.
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Objective 3Measuring Effectiveness
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Focus GroupsResidents’ perceptions of the effectiveness of community corrections programs were mixed.
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Contractors Assess Effectiveness of Their Own Programs in Varying Ways• Examples:Decrease in criminality scoresMoney savedSober timeSuccessful EmploymentAfter program completion: Completing department supervision Re-offense Revocation
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Do contracted community corrections programs work?• Found similar groups of offenders released to community in 2016
• Matched based on: Sex RaceAgeOffense TypeFelony CountCorrectional StatusRisk Level
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Recidivism Events
• Violation• Reincarceration to Jail• New offense
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Contracted community corrections programs reduced risk for some recidivism events.
Estimated Reduction in Risk for Recidivism Events
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Conclusion (page 43)
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How does the department measure effectiveness?• Correctional Program Checklist (CPC) The extent to which programs are evidence-based
• Work toward tracking outcomes
• Other states evaluate community corrections based on offender outcomes
Source: CSG
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Recommendation #7 (page 47)
Develop and implement processes to measure the effectiveness of contracted community corrections programs based on offender outcome data.
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QUESTIONS?