effects of different land use practices on bird communities david farris dr. jianqian li dr. yong...
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Effects of Different Land use Practices on Bird Communities
David Farris Dr. Jianqian Li
Dr. Yong Wang
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Introduction
• Why study bird communities Importance to ecosystem –niche, ecosystem services Importance to humans-bird watching Sensitive to habitat change Birds are effected worldwide by urbanization and city
sprawl and other human changes to the environment • Why Nanjing?
Nanjing is one of the oldest Chinese cities large urban population-roughly 8 million examples of different types of land use are present around
the city
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Research-Introduction
The main question:How are bird communities affected by different types of land use and anthropogenic change?
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Methods
• Point counts were done to survey the species found in different land use types
• Points were selected at random by Ms. Dawn Lemke and grouped by type: Forest (27), Agriculture (15), Urban (52), and Park (12) in proportion to availability using Google Earth
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Methods-2
• Points were surveyed in June 2012 early morning and late afternoon
• Birds were counted by audio and visually (a/v) for 10 minutes at each point No capture needed!
• Behavior, sex/age, and distance information was recorded when available
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Some points were harder to get to than others…
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Methods 3
• After the point counts data entered into Microsoft Excel statistical analysis with SPSS
• We examined: Total species detected total numbers of detections how affected by land use type and diversity change Compared habitat types
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Results: Abundance • Total number of points: 109• Total individuals detected: 1595
-Audio:39.5% -Visual: 60.5%
0 1 2 3 4 50
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Distance Zone
Freq
uenc
y
Figure 2.
Figure 1.
39.5
60.5
AudioVisual
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Results: Species Richness
• Total number of species: 53+• Average number of detections per
point:14.63±8.2• Average number of species detected per
point: 6.22±3.1 (sd)• Top 10 species accounted for ~80% of total
detections • >25 species had ≤ 5 detections
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Tree S
parrow
Light-v
ented
Bulbul
Black-b
illed M
agpie
Red-ru
mped Sw
allow
Turtl
e Dove
Euras
ian Blac
kbird
White
-chee
ked St
arling
Spotted
DoveMyn
a
Masked
Laugh
ingthru
sh
Azure-
winge
d mag
pie
Large
Hawk-C
uckoo
Great T
it
Barn Sw
allow
Indian Cuck
oo
Common Koel
Vinous-thro
ated Parr
otbill
White
Wag
tail
Chinese Pond- H
eron
Brownish
-flanke
d Bush W
arbler
Black-c
rowned
Night H
eron
Ashy D
rongo
Red-bille
d Blue Mag
pie
Yello
w-rumped
Flyc
atcher
Common Pheasan
t
Long-t
ailed
Shrik
e
Swinhoe's
Minive
t
Yello
w-billed Gro
sbea
k
Black-n
aped
Oriole
Grey-ca
pped Gree
nfinch
Black D
rongo
Common Moorh
en
Grey-ca
pped W
oodpecke
r
Black B
ulbul
Black-t
hroate
d Tit
Common Kingfish
er
Hwamei
Japan
ese W
hite-ey
e
Little
Grebe
Yello
w Bittern
Euras
ian Cuck
oo
Great S
potted W
oodpecke
r
Manch
urian Bush
Warb
ler
Silky
stan
ling
Black-e
ared Kite
Brown Sh
rike
Cattle
Egret
Dollarb
ird
Grey-hea
ded La
pwing
Hair-cr
ested
Drongo
Large
Egret
woodpecke
r-a0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Graph 1. Species detections (number of individuals counted) in Nanjing, China. June 2012.
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How Land Use Type Affects Abundance
ANOVA TEST: F=12.72; DF=4, 104; p< .001Forest (27), Agriculture (15), Urban (52, Park (12), and Wetlands (3)
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How Land Use Type Affects Species Richness
Forest (27), Agriculture (15), Urban (52), Park (12), and Wetlands (3)
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Effect of land use • Relative Abundance of the top 10 species
Agriculture Forest Park Urban Wetlands0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Tree Sparrow
Light-vented Bulbul
Black-billed Magpie
Red-rumped Swallow
Turtle Dove
Eurasian Blackbird
White-cheeked Starling
Spotted Dove
Myna
Masked Laughingthrush
Habitat
Rel
ative
Abu
ndan
ce
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Effects of land use on bird communities
Agriculture Forest Park Urban0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Azure- winged magpieLarge Hawk-CuckooSpotted DoveBarn SwallowGrey-capped Woodpecker
Land type
Num
ber o
f ind
ivid
uals
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Simpson Diversity Index
Agriculture Forest Park Urban
0.88 0.93 0.93 0.73
Ds = 1 - Sum1i [ni*(ni-1)]/[N*(N-1)]
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Proportional Similarity Measurement
Forest Agriculture Urban Park
Forest --- 0.61 0.55 0.7
Agriculture 0.61 --- 0.71 0.62
Urban 0.55 0.71 --- 0.57
Park 0.7 0.62 0.57 ---
Community Similarity-what percent of the bird community is the same in two different habitats?
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Behavior of birds
c fl fo r s sw0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Behavior
Num
ber o
f ind
ivid
uals
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Conclusions/Discussions
• Land type use affects the bird community -some birds thrive, while others decline
and will not be found in urban settings • Transition habits-wetlands and agriculture
have a higher species richness than urban, forest, and parks
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Conclusions
• The most common birds detected were those that have a preference or at least can thrive in an urban setting
• It is also important to see what type of behavior different birds exhibit-whether or not they are using the habitat or merely flying over
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Cultural Differences and Similarities
• Different ways of thinking • Language• Food• Beauty is in the eye of the beholder (Bronzer
vs. Whitener)
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Experiences in China
• Shanghai, China
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Living at NFU and Nanjing
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Getting Around
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Acknowledgements
• Dr. Yong Wang • Dr. Jianqiang Li• Lisa Gardner • Dawn Lemke• Dr. Changhu Lu • Yang Pan• Yeduo Ding• Tianshi Xiong• Nanjing Forestry University• Alabama A&M University • National Science Foundation