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This PowerPoint 2007 template produces a 36”x48” presentation poster. You can use it to create your research poster and save valuable time placing titles, subtitles, text, and graphics. We provide a series of online tutorials that will guide you through the poster design process and answer your poster production questions. To view our template tutorials, go online to PosterPresentations.com and click on HELP DESK. When you are ready to print your poster, go online to PosterPresentations.com Need assistance? Call us at 1.510.649.3001

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Image Quality Check Zoom in and look at your images at 100% magnification. If they look good they will print well.

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How to change the template color theme You can easily change the color theme of your poster by going to the DESIGN menu, click on COLORS, and choose the color theme of your choice. You can also create your own color theme. You can also manually change the color of your background by going to VIEW > SLIDE MASTER. After you finish working on the master be sure to go to VIEW > NORMAL to continue working on your poster.

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Text size

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Effects of oil pollution on marine wildlife and its surroundings. Looking into the effects on sea turtles, sea birds, fish and marine mammals. The recovery and clean up procedures. BP’s Deepwater Horizon Spill will go down in our current history as one of the worst catastrophes in the United States. Nothing can come out good from an oil spill and the situation surrounding one will continue to get worse. Humans need to understand the effects and be more careful when dealing with situations of oil. The world needs to open its eyes and understand the serious effects of an oil spill. Just because they are not in the news anymore many of these spills still hunt local families and wildlife.

ABSTRACT  

EFFECTS ON TURTLES AND FISH

On April 20, 2010, British Petroleum’s, better known as BP, Deepwater Horizon drilling platform exploded in the Gulf of Mexico. The explosion pumped an more than 200 million gallons of crude oil into the Gulf for about 87 days straight. This catastrophe went down in American history as its worst ever. Currently the effect of this catastrophe is still being measured as everyday more species are dying and more land disappearing. The Gulf is home to more than 15,000 species who are currently being affected and will continue to be affected more many more years to come. Many species are affected, but specifically looking at dolphins the number of dead ones found in 2014 in Louisiana has increased four times. Sea turtles are also being affected as they are not looking for land near the Gulf to hatch their eggs because land is completely destroyed by the oil. Fish are being affected and causing abnormalities to their colors and even birth rates. A third of laughing gulls in the Gulf died, this was a direct cause of the spill in the Gulf. White pelicans spend their winters in the Gulf Coast, when they return to the Midwest and Canada there has been oil and different chemicals found in their eggs. Corals are also showing effects of the spill and will only continue to get worse. This is just a quick look at what is happening in the Gulf, the data will only continue to increase if efforts to get the Gulf clean do not increase by BP. (McCormick, 2015) BP continues to down play this horrible catastrophe and state that they truly are working hard to bring the Gulf back to life. People who rely on fishing and different marine activities truly feel like they have been forgotten. The Times-Picayune a newspaper based in New Orleans did a story on five years after the spill. On this article many fisherman and associations affected by the BP oil spill speak about BP’s efforts being zero to none. Organizations who are working together in the Gulf to bring it back to normal released a statement that 10 million gallons of oil still remain in the ocean floor. Islands that were once used as nesting grounds by birds have completely disappeared. BP needs to work harder to clean the Gulf and the government needs to step up and enforce this. The situation will only continue to get worse as time passes by. (Schleifstein, 2015)

BP’S DEEPWATER HORIZON SPILL

Seabirds and mammals are a species of marine wildlife that really suffer from oil spills; not saying that other species don’t suffer the same or even worse. When looking at how oil can harm these two species it starts with the fur and feathers getting in contact with oil. The fumes released by the oil are a major contributor to respiratory problems. For seabirds the first contact they have with oil is through their feathers. Since many birds use their fats for insulation the oil immediately penetrates through their protective feather layers cold water touches the skin. Birds can freeze to death depending where the location of the oil spill was. Since feathers are affected and they can not shake off the oil, the birds ability to fly is immediately taken away. When it comes to their eggs any oil that touches it can filtrate its way into the embryo causing death or birth defects. When looking at birds and their nesting grounds, many small islands are used as nesting grounds. Oil spills can reach these off shore islands and kill any vegetation or life on it. The seabird then has lost its nesting ground therefore minimizing offspring and their futures. (amsa.gov.au 5/14/2015) Mammals are affected first hand through when their skin touches the oil. Ingestion of oil can lead to malfunctions of the lungs and sensitive organs. The oil can irritate their eyes causing permanent damage and causing extra stress that can alter behaviors. A major effect on some marine mammals is the fact that many have blubber that is used for insulation. When the blubber comes in contact with the oil it can cause this insulation to stop doing its correct function. (amsa.gov.au 5/14/2015)

EFFECT ON SEABIRDS AND MAMMALS TREATMENT  AND  RECOVERY  AFTER  SPILL  

There are many different organizations that are trained and ready to go when an oil spill catastrophe occurs. Locally in Southern California the Oiled Wildlife Care Network, based out of UC Davis, has extensive research and experience when an oil spill occurs. The following is their step-by-step when responding to a call: field recovery, field stabilization, transport, intake, pre-wash care, cleaning, pre-release condition, release, post-release assessment. As recovery efforts begin immediately when an oil spill occurs it is not an easy task nor a fast one. The fact is that the oil can be cleaned up, but how many animals will continue to carry chemicals in their systems. Booms are floating barriers that protect specific areas that are sensitive to an oil spill. Boats are also used to remove surface oil from the water by dragging booms and collecting the oil before it reaches coastal areas. Another method to recover is to burn the oil after it has been corralled, but this method is used as a last resort because burning the oil affects the air as well.

LITERATURE  CITED  "Effects of Maritime Oil Spills on Wildlife." Australian Maritime Safety Authority. Australian Government, n.d. Web. 14 May 2015. <http://www.amsa.gov.au/ environment/maritime-environmental-emergencies/national-plan/general -information/oiled-wildlife/marine-life/index.asp>. "Global Marine Oil Pollution Information Gateway." Global Marine Oil Pollution Information Gateway. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2015. <http://oils.gpa.unep.org/ facts/wildlife.htm#reptilesfish>. McCormick, Lacey. "Five Years and Counting." National Wildlife Federation. Guide Star Media, 30 Mar. 2015. Web. 14 May 2015. <http://www.nwf.org/News- and-Magazines/Media-Center/Reports/Archive/2015/03-30-2015-Five-Years- And-Counting.aspx>. "Rescue and Treatment of Oiled Animals." UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. UC Davis, n.d. Web. 14 May 2015. <http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/owcn/ oiled_wildlife/rescue_and_treatment.cfm>. Schleifstein, Mark. "BP oil spill: Environmental Groups on 5th Anniversary of the Spill." Nola Media Group. Ed. Ricky R. Mathews. The Times-Picayune, 21 Apr. 2015. Web. 14 May 2015. <http://www.nola.com/environment/index.ssf/ 2015/04/bp_oil_spill_environmental_gro.html#incart_related_stories>. Schleifstein, Mark. "Gulf residents, Businesses Still Suffering from BP Oil Spill Effects." Nola Media Group. Ed. Ricky R. Mathews. Nola Media Group, n.d. Web. 14 May 2015. <http://www.nola.com/news/gulf-oil-spill/index.ssf/ 2010/12/gulf_residents_businesses_say.html>.

All species related to marine life are affected by oil spills. Sea turtles are a species that is losing its population numbers every year. An oil spill is something that affects sea turtles in a dramatic way. When a sea turtle surfaces in an oil affected area they breath oil fumes in that can damage their airways and/or lungs. When they surface in a oil affected area their eyes, mouth and nose are affected in a way that can cause infections and inflammation. Sea turtles need to nest in sandy beaches if an oil spill occurred and it reaches land specially a sea turtle nesting ground, chances of any offspring or even the adult turtle to survive are none. Eggs that are contaminated by oil can prevent the sea turtle from fully developing. (amsa.gov.au, 5/5/15) Fish might ingest high amounts of oil through their gills causing damaging effects to their livers and heart rate. The fish’s growth if young can be affected and fin erosion can happen. Where fin erosion occurs tar from the oil can start to build. When it comes to shellfish one of the negative factors is that they can not be used for food because they smell and go bad. (oils.gpa.unep.org, 5/10/15)

Marine Biology 115, Professor Lowe By: Diego Usma

EFFECTS OF OIL SPILLS ON MARINE WILDLIFE

This image was captured in Grand Isle, Louisiana in a yard of the island. The crosses represent all species and activities that were destroyed by the BP oil spill. The image itself speaks a thousand words because it represents the continuous suffering the Gulf Coast is going through. As BP continue to spend millions on television ads stating that the Gulf is back on their feet, local fishermen families continue to suffer. Source: Mark Schleifstein. Times-Picayune. Web.

The image to the left is of a dead fish covered in crude oil. Source: Allan McQuade. Rivercviewatersystemsoilspill.blogpost.com Web.

The image to the right is of a young sea turtle completely covered in oil. The chance of it to be alive is none. Source: Sea Turtle Restoration Project. wavepatrol.wordpress.com. Web.

This image to the left shows a pelican covered in oil after the BP Deephorizon spill. The pain and distress that this pelican is experiencing can be noted by the way he is reacting. Source: Ryan Witt. Examiner.com Web.

This image on the right shows a Gulf Coast dolphin swimming through oil. You can see oil residue on the dolphin’s melon and the pain through its eyes. Source: Louisiana Dept of Wildlife. National Wildlife Federation. Web.

The above image shows a vessel using a boom skimming oil from the surface of the ocean. One of the methods used to prevent oil from reaching coastal communities. Source: NOAA Office of Response and Restoration. Response.restoration.noaa.gov Web.