effects of pretreatment technologies on maize …...process chain challenge for a technical...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
University of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences
Institute of Agricultural Engineering
Effects of Pretreatment Technologies
on Maize Straw for Biogas Production
Andreas Gronauer
Javier Lizasoain
![Page 2: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Challenge for a technical implementation and management
2
Crop cultivation
Harvest
Main products
Crop residues retrieval &
size reduction
Preservation & storage
Preparation & pretreatment
Fiber & fuel production fertilizer
food, feed
Sust
ain
able
so
il m
anag
eme
nt
(hu
mu
s)
![Page 3: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Challenge for a technical implementation and management
Harvesting technologies
3
Adaptation of existing harvesting systems
Short chopping lengths (compaction at the silo) or dried straw bales
Avoidance of substrate contamination
Crop cultivation
Harvest
Main products
Crop residues retrieval &
size reduction
Preservation & storage
Preparation & pretreatment
Fiber & fuel production fertilizer
food, feed
Sust
ain
able
so
il m
anag
eme
nt
(hu
mu
s)
![Page 4: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
4
Crop cultivation
Harvest
Main products
Crop residues retrieval &
size reduction
Preservation & storage
Preparation & pretreatment
Fiber & fuel production fertilizer
food, feed
Sust
ain
able
so
il m
anag
eme
nt
(hu
mu
s)
Challenge for a technical implementation and management
Preservation and storage
![Page 5: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Maize straw ≠ Maize straw
Highly dependent on biomass type, maturity, harvest time, etc.
Ensiling or
Storage as dry material
5
Challenge for a technical implementation and management
Preservation and storage
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Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
6
Ensiling:
28-45% DM Early harvesting time Post-drying corn grains
Improvement of ensiling ability by combination with catch crops and green wastes
Challenge for a technical implementation and management
Preservation and storage
![Page 7: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
7
Ensiling:
28-45% DM Early harvesting time Post-drying corn grains
Improvement of ensiling ability by combination with catch crops and green wastes
Dry storage:
Low water content later harvesting time
Big storage volumes
Strong lignification need of pretreatment for biogas production
Challenge for a technical implementation and management
Preservation and storage
![Page 8: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
8
Crop cultivation
Harvest
Main products
Crop residues retrieval &
size reduction
Preservation & storage
Preparation & pretreatment
Fiber & fuel production fertilizer
food, feed
Sust
ain
able
so
il m
anag
eme
nt
(hu
mu
s)
Challenge for a technical implementation and management
Pretreatment of biomass
![Page 9: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Strong lignification prevents degradation of biomass
Additional process step (pretreatment) is necessary in the process chain
Challenge for a technical implementation and management
Pretreatment: background I
![Page 10: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Strong lignification prevents degradation of biomass
Additional process step (pretreatment) is necessary in the process chain
Challenge for a technical implementation and management
Pretreatment: background I
![Page 11: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
11
Source: Björn Schwarz, Fraunhofer IKTS, Dresden 2012
Challenge for a technical implementation and management
Pretreatment: background II
Possible problems
Reduction of usable reaction space
High energy requirement
Operational disturbances
Improvements
Viscosity / pumping hability
Stirability and homogeneisability
Degradability
Pretreatment
![Page 12: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
12
Pretreatment of biomass
Pretreatments
Biological
Enzymatic
Fungal
Physical
Mechanical
Thermal
Ultrasound
Electrokinetic
Chemical
Acid
Alkali
Oxidative
Combined
Steam explosion
Extrusion
Termochemical
![Page 13: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
13
Pretreatment of biomass
Pretreatments
Biological
Enzymatic
Fungal
Physical
Mechanical
Thermal
Ultrasound
Electrokinetic
Chemical
Acid
Alkali
Oxidative
Combined
Steam explosion
Extrusion
Termochemical
![Page 14: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
14
Pretreatment of biomass
Pretreatments
Biological
Enzymatic
Fungal
Physical
Mechanical
Thermal
Ultrasound
Electrokinetic
Chemical
Acid
Alkali
Oxidative
Combined
Steam explosion
Extrusion
Termochemical
![Page 15: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
15
Pretreatment of biomass
Pretreatments
Biological
Enzymatic
Fungal
Physical
Mechanical
Thermal
Ultrasound
Electrokinetic
Chemical
Acid
Alkali
Oxidative
Combined
Steam explosion
Extrusion
Thermochemical
![Page 16: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Mainly related to surface reduction
Grinding (pressure, impact)
Cutting (shear)
Extrusion (pressure, friction, defibration)
16
Pretreatment technologies:
Mechanical pretreatment
Extrusion
Grinding Cutting
![Page 17: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
17
untretreated
days
Met
han
e p
rod
uct
ion
(L N
/ K
g V
S)
Pretreatment technologies:
Mechanical pretreatment
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Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
18
mechanical untretreated
days
Pretreatment technologies:
Mechanical pretreatment M
eth
ane
pro
du
ctio
n (
L N /
Kg
VS)
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Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
19
mechanical untretreated
days
+ 20%
Pretreatment technologies:
Mechanical pretreatment M
eth
ane
pro
du
ctio
n (
L N /
Kg
VS)
![Page 20: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
20
Mechanical pretreatment
Differences in gas yields (40 days)
Untretreated Mechanical 1 (cutting)
Mechanical 2 (grinding)
Mechanical 3 (extrusion)
Met
han
e p
rod
uct
ion
(L N
/ K
g V
S)
![Page 21: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
21
Mechanical pretreatment:
Energy requirement
Qu
elle
: Bjö
rn S
chw
arz,
Fra
un
ho
fer
IKTS
, Dre
sden
20
12
Energy required (kWh/t silage)
Cutting mills
Grinding mills
![Page 22: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Advantages
• Easy integration in biogas plant
• Reduction of floating layers
• Improving mixing properties (stirring ability)
• Faster degradation
• Increased gas yield
22
Mechanical pretreatment:
Advantages and disadvantages
![Page 23: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Advantages
• Easy integration in biogas plant
• Reduction of floating layers
• Improving mixing properties (stirring ability)
• Faster degradation
• Increased gas yield
Disadvantages
• High electrical demand
• Milling tools are usually sensitive to contaminants (stones, metal parts, etc.)
• Corrosion or abrasion by organic acids and minerals (sand)
23
Mechanical pretreatment:
Advantages and disadvantages
![Page 24: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
• Treatment of biomass for a defined time with hot water under high pressure
• Pressure suddenly drops Water evaporates suddenly
• Thermochemical and mechanical digestion of the biomass (Steam Explosion)
24
Pretreatment technology:
Combined - Steam explosion
![Page 25: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Pretreatment technology:
Combined - Steam explosion
![Page 26: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
© BiogasSystems
Pretreatment technology:
Combined - Steam explosion
![Page 27: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
27
untretreated
days
Combined pretreatment– Steam explosion
Differences in gas yields (45 days) M
eth
ane
pro
du
ctio
n (
L N /
Kg
VS)
![Page 28: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
30.11.2016 28
+ 20%
days
steam explosion untretreated
Combined pretreatment– Steam explosion
Differences in gas yields (45 days) M
eth
ane
pro
du
ctio
n (
L N /
Kg
VS)
![Page 29: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
30.11.2016 29
+ 20%
Combined pretreatment– Steam explosion
Differences in gas yields (45 days)
days
mechanical untretreated steam explosion
Met
han
e p
rod
uct
ion
(L N
/ K
g V
S)
![Page 30: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Electricicity demand < 25 kW 2,5 %
580 kWh/d 35 kWh/t VS
Combined pretreatment– Steam explosion
Power requirements
![Page 31: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Electricicity demand < 25 kW 2,5 %
580 kWh/d 35 kWh/t VS
Heat demand 250 – 300 kW 25 - 30 %
6600 kWh/d 392 kWh/t VS
Combined pretreatment– Steam explosion
Power requirements
![Page 32: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Electricicity demand < 25 kW 2,5 %
580 kWh/d 35 kWh/t VS
Heat demand 250 – 300 kW 25 - 30 %
6600 kWh/d 392 kWh/t VS
Water demand 30% DM input
13.500 to 15.000 m³/year
Reference performance: 1 MW electrical capacity (Economizer SE, BiogasSystems)
Combined pretreatment– Steam explosion
Power requirements
![Page 33: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Advantages
• Possibility to use waste heat from CHP
• Potential to speed up digestion
• Suitable for hygienisation (sludge, slaughterhouse residues, …)
33
More biogas and faster degradation due to higher surface area and a change in the chemical composition
Thermal pretreatment– Steam explosion
Advantages and disadvantages
![Page 34: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Advantages
• Possibility to use waste heat from CHP
• Potential to speed up digestion
• Suitable for hygienisation (sludge, slaughterhouse residues, …)
Disadvantages
• Partially complex integration into the biogas plant
• Suitable for large biogas plants (> 1 MW)
• Waste heat must be sufficient for the process (no additional heating)
34
More biogas and faster degradation due to higher surface area and a change in the chemical composition
Thermal pretreatment– Steam explosion
Advantages and disadvantages
![Page 35: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Key points
Consistent and effective pre-treatment is imperative to avoid operational problems in biogas plants
35
![Page 36: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Key points
Consistent and effective pre-treatment is imperative to avoid operational problems in biogas plants
Selection of pretreatment
• Economical
• Effective degradation of the feedstock
• Adapted to the installed technology (feeding systems, pumps, agitators)
36
![Page 37: Effects of Pretreatment Technologies on Maize …...process chain Challenge for a technical implementation and management Pretreatment: background I Institute of Agricultural Engineering](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042218/5ec39c1d2923ea74a703c4c3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
Key points
Consistent and effective pre-treatment is imperative to avoid operational problems in biogas plants
Selection of pretreatment
• Economical
• Effective degradation of the feedstock
• Adapted to the installed technology (feeding systems, pumps, agitators)
The adaptation and optimization of the pretreatment technologies require the performance of individual studies for every specific biogas plant
37
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Institute of Agricultural Engineering - A. Gronauer
University of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences
Institute of Agricultural Engineering
Andreas Gronauer, Javier Lizasoain
Institute of Agricultural Engineering
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Projekt-Team:
Andreas Gronauer, Javier Lizasoain, Oksana Pavliska, Franz Theuretzbacher, Susanne Frühauf, Alexander Bauer