effects of uvb light on edema and intumescence development

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Effects of UVB Light on Edema and Intumescence Development Nicole A. Rud 1 , Kimberly A. Williams 1 , M.B. Kirkham 2 1 Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 665065506 2 Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS 665065504 Introduction: Summary of Results: Introduction: Intumescence and edema development are physiological disorders that are often referred to interchangeably and primarily affect plant leaves. When damage is severe, economic loss can result from reduced aesthetic value or yield losses related to photosynthetic area. The cause of these disorders has not been conclusively determined. Our research focused on the effect of ultraviolet light in the wavelength range Summary of Results: UVB Light Significantly affected intumescence development in susceptible tomato (var. hirsutum ‘Maxifort’) but not the resistant var. esculentum ‘Trust’ (Table 1) No effect on ivy geranium cultivars Are edema and intumescence development different? Yes – the differences in lesion development at the cellular level (Fig. 3) and the strong relationship between tomato intumescences and UVB light suggest Materials and Methods: UVB Li h Microscopy: of 280320 nm (UVB). Our objective was to determine if UVB light affects the incidence and severity of these disorders on two plant species, ivy geranium and tomato. that they are two different disorders. Conclusions: Edema and intumescence development are different disorders. Intumescence development of susceptible plant species/varieties may be diminished with UVB light supplementation, but edema is not affected. Ivy Geranium: Edema Tomato: Intumescences UVB Light: Two treatments, UVB blocked and UVB supplemented (Figs. 1 and 2) UVBemitting fluorescent light bulbs mounted over both treatments with blocked treatment covered with UVabsorbing polyethylene (Fig. 1) Microscopy: Dissection microscopy: Fresh samples placed under dissection microscope with 3X magnification Scanning electron microscopy: Fresh samples fixed using rapid freezing; high vacuum used with backscatter detector 90X (tomato) and 40X NakedEye (A) Plant Materials: Tomato cultivars (Solanum lycopersicum L.): ‘Maxifort’ (var. hirsutum) and ‘Trust’ (var. esculentum) Ivy geranium cultivars (Pelargonium peltatum L’Herr ex. Ait.): ‘Amethyst’, ‘Lambada’ and‘Sybil Holmes’ detector , 90X (tomato) and 40X (geranium) magnification Microscopy (B) on C) Dissection M Fig. 2. Graph of UV intensity measured with a Field Scout 3414 Ultraviolet Light Meter (Spectrum Technologies Inc., Plainfield, IL) taken weekly from 6 weeks prior to the start through the termination Table 1. Percent leaves and leaflets affected on the tomato cultivar ‘Maxifort’ between two UVB treatments, blocked and supplemented. Pairwise comparisons (α=0.05) were significant. Fi 3 It i i ‘A th t 96’ (l ft l ) dt t M if tFig. 1. UVBapparatus with UVBsupplemented treatment shown on the left and UVBblocked treatment shown i ht UVB itti fl t li ht Scanning Electr Microscopy (C of the Spring 2009 UV light experiment with tomato. The wavelengths measured with this meter ranged from 250400 nm, a broad spectrum of UV wavelengths. We would like to thank: Kent Hampton for his SEM expertise, Holly Davis for her help in taking DM photographs and the Gloeckner Foundation for funding our research. UVB Treatment % Leaves Affected % Leaflets Affected Blocked 30.3% a 11.7% a Supplemented 6.0% b 1.1% b Fig. 3. Intumescences on ivy geranium ‘Amethyst 96’ (left column) andtomato Maxifort(right column) on abaxial leaf surfaces as seen with the naked eye (A), dissection microscopy (B) and scanning electron microscopy (C). on right. UVBemitting fluorescent light bulbs are suspended above both treatments with UVabsorbing polyethylene tent over the UVBblocked treatment. Plastic light diffusers were used to prevent sunburn of plant tissues while still allowing UVtransmission.

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Effects of UVB Light on Edema and Intumescence DevelopmentNicole A. Rud 1, Kimberly A. Williams1, M.B. Kirkham2

1Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506‐55062Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS 66506‐5504

Introduction: Summary of Results:Introduction: Intumescence and edema development are physiological disorders that are often referred to interchangeably and primarily affect plant leaves. When damage is severe, economic loss can result from reduced aesthetic value or yield losses related to  photosynthetic area.

The cause of these disorders has  not been conclusively determined. Our research focused on the effect of ultraviolet light in the wavelength range 

Summary of Results:UVB Light• Significantly affected intumescence development in susceptible tomato (var. hirsutum ‘Maxifort’) but not the resistant var. esculentum ‘Trust’ (Table 1)• No effect on ivy geranium cultivarsAre edema and intumescence development different?• Yes – the differences in lesion development at the cellular level (Fig. 3) and the 

strong relationship between tomato intumescences and UVB light suggest  

Materials and Methods:UVB Li h Microscopy:

g g gof 280‐320 nm (UVB).

Our objective was to determine if UVB light affects the incidence and severity of these disorders on two plant species, ivy geranium and tomato.

g p g ggthat they are two different disorders. 

Conclusions: • Edema and intumescence development are different disorders. • Intumescence development of susceptible plant species/varieties may be 

diminished with UVB light supplementation, but edema is not affected. 

Ivy Geranium: Edema Tomato: IntumescencesUVB Light:• Two treatments, UVB blocked and UVB 

supplemented (Figs. 1 and 2)• UVB‐emitting fluorescent light bulbs 

mounted over both treatments with blocked treatment covered with UV‐absorbing polyethylene (Fig. 1)

Microscopy:• Dissection microscopy: Fresh samples 

placed under dissection microscope with 3X magnification

• Scanning electron microscopy: Fresh samples fixed using rapid freezing; high vacuum used with backscatter detector 90X (tomato) and 40X

y

Naked

‐Eye (A

)

Plant Materials:• Tomato cultivars (Solanum lycopersicum L.): 

‘Maxifort’ (var. hirsutum) and ‘Trust’ (var. esculentum)

• Ivy geranium cultivars (Pelargonium peltatum

L’Herr ex. Ait.): ‘Amethyst’, ‘Lambada’ and‘Sybil Holmes’

detector, 90X (tomato) and 40X (geranium) magnification

Microscop

y (B)

y

on 

C)Dissection M

Fig. 2. Graph of UV intensity measured with a Field Scout 3414 Ultraviolet Light Meter (Spectrum 

Technologies Inc.,  Plainfield, IL) taken weekly from 6 weeks prior to the start through the termination 

Table 1. Percent leaves and leaflets affected on the tomato cultivar ‘Maxifort’ between two UVB treatments, blocked and supplemented. Pair‐wise comparisons (α=0.05) were significant.

Fi 3 I t i i ‘A th t 96’ (l ft l ) d t t ‘M if t’

Fig. 1. UVB‐apparatus with UVB‐supplemented treatment shown on the left and UVB‐blocked treatment shown 

i ht UVB itti fl t li ht

Scan

ning

 Electr

Microscop

y (Cof the Spring 2009 UV light experiment with 

tomato. The wavelengths measured with this meter ranged from 250‐400 nm, a broad spectrum of UV wavelengths.

We would like to thank:Kent Hampton for his SEM expertise, Holly Davis for her help in taking DM photographs and the Gloeckner Foundation for funding our research.

UVB Treatment % Leaves Affected

% Leaflets Affected

Blocked 30.3% a 11.7% a

Supplemented 6.0% b 1.1% b

Fig. 3. Intumescences on ivy geranium ‘Amethyst 96’ (left column) and tomato ‘Maxifort’ (right column) on abaxial leaf surfaces as seen with the naked eye (A), dissection microscopy (B) and scanning electron microscopy (C).

on right. UVB‐emitting fluorescent light bulbs are suspended above both treatments with UV‐absorbing polyethylene tent over the UVB‐blocked treatment.  Plastic light diffusers were used to prevent sunburn of plant tissues while still allowing UV‐transmission.