effervescent technologies for multi-sensory bath and ... · luxury/pampering/prestige products...
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Effervescent Technologiesfor
Multi-Sensory Bath and Shower Products
Allen H. Rau
phyzz inc.
International Cosmetics Expo 2001Miami, FL
February 21, 2001
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Topics
▪ Effervescent Basics
– Chemistry
– Product Forms
– Production Technology
▪ Sensory Signals
– Olfactory
– Visual
– Tactile
– Auditory
▪ Multi-Sensory Product Ideas
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Effervescent Chemistry
General Reaction
Acid + Carbonate Salt → CO2 + Acid Salt + H20
Ex: Citric Acid + 3NaHCO3 → 3CO2 + Na3Citrate + 3H20
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Commonly Used Carbonate Salts
Na2CO3 NaHCO3
MW 106 84
Eq of Acid to Neutralize 2 1
% CO2 41.5 52.4
Forms Available High and Low Density
Powders and Granules of
Varying Particle Shapes
Fine to Coarse
Powders and Granules
Cost ($/lb) 0.05-0.15 0.20-0.30
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Commonly Used Acids
Citric Fumaric Adipic Malic
MW 192.1 116.1 146.1 134.1
Moles of Acidity 3 2 2 2
Eq Weight 64.05 58.05 73.05 67.05
Solubility (%) 68.6 1.1 1.4 55.8
Cost ($/lb) 0.85-1.25 0.90-1.00 1.25-1.35 0.95-1.05
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Other Ingredients
▪ Fragrances/Essential Oils
▪ Colors
▪ Functional Materials
– Botanicals
– Emollients
– Surfactants
– Polymers
▪ Binders
▪ Process Aids
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Production Methods
▪ Direct Compression
– Dry materials blended and compressed directly
▪ Wet Granulation/Compression
– Small amount of solvent added to dry materials during mixing
– Solvent removed by drying and/or vacuum
▪ Dry Molding
– Oils, oven drying used to bind effervescent materials
▪ Wet Molding
– Solvent added to form moldable powder
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Production Methods
Direct
Compression
Wet
Granulation
Dry
Molding
Wet
Molding
Cost Lowest Low High High
Density High High Low Lowest
Effervescence
Time
Slow Slow Fast Fastest
Stability Moisture proof
wrap and/or
desiccant
required
Moisture proof
wrap and/or
desiccant
required
Relatively
stable to
ambient
humidity
Relatively
stable to
ambient
humidity
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Product Forms
▪ Tablets/Marbles
▪ Molded Shapes
▪ Granules
▪ Powders
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Product Manufacturing Methods
Powder
Mixing
Direct
Compression
Wet
Granulation
Dry
Molding
Wet
Molding
Tablets/Marbles X X
Molded Shapes X X
Granules X X
Powders X
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Sensory Stimuli
▪ Olfactory
▪ Visual
▪ Tactile
▪ Auditory
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Olfactory Stimuli
▪ Important Point-of-Purchase Impression
– Fragrance Reference on Label/in Product Name
– Customer Testing/Sampling
▪ In and After Use Performance
– Water Fragrance
– Room Aroma
– Skin Scent
– Aromatherapy
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Olfactory Performance by Product Form
Form Performance
Tablets/Marbles ▪ High Density-Effervesce at Bottom of Tub
▪ Slow Release of Fragrance
Molded
Products
▪ Low Density-Effervesce on Water Surface
▪ Rapid Fragrance Release
Granules ▪ High Density, Small Particle Size Releases
Fragrance Quickly while Product Sinks
Powders ▪ Low Density, Small Particle Size Flashes
Fragrance at Water’s Surface
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Exothermic-Effervescent Technology
to Improve Olfactory Stimulation
▪ Combination of Effervescent and Exothermic Reactions Synergistically Boost Fragrance Lift
▪ Best Executions in Tableted Products
▪ Creates Opportunities for Shower and Room Products
▪ US Patent 5,993,854
Formula 1 2 3 4
Acid X X X
Carbonate X X X
Exothermic Material X X X
Temp Rise 29oC -5oC 19oC 9oC
Dissolution Time 6:57 10:03 29:45 40:32
Fragrance Lift Very Good Poor Poor Poor
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Foaming-Floating Technology to
Improve Olfactory Stimulation
▪ Surfactants Carry Fragrance Oils to Water Surface
▪ Foam Creates Surface Area for Fragrance Evaporation
▪ Low Density, High Reaction Rate Molded Products Create
Excellent Foam
▪ US Patent 6,121,215
Process
Density
(g/cc)
Dissolution
Rate (g/sec)
Foam
Acceptability
Molding 0.90 >1.0 Excellent
Tableting 1.43 <0.5 Fair
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Visual Stimuli
▪ Important Point-of-Purchase Impression
– Product Appearance
• Shape
• Color
• Texture
– Package Appearance
▪ In Use Performance
– Changing Water Color
– Degree of Turbulence
– Foam
– Lingering Color Specks
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Improving Visual Stimulation
▪ Product
– Multiple Colors/Variegated Appearance
– Soluble Glitter
– Botanicals, Herbs, and Flowers
– Shape
▪ In Use
– Foam
– Reactivity/Turbulence
– Soluble Glitter
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Product Shapes, Colors and Forms
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Tactile Stimuli
▪ Water Effects
– Foam
– Emolliency/Slip
– Fizzing Massage Feeling
▪ Skin Effects
– Emolliency
– Tingling
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Improving Tactile Stimulation
▪ In-Water Effects
– High Reactivity Effervescent Systems
– Foam
– Emollients, Humectants, Polymers
– Tinglers (e.g. Menthol)
▪ Skin Effects
– Emollients, Polymers
– Vasodilators
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Auditory Stimuli
▪ Fizz Sound
– Reactivity of Effervescent System
▪ Crackling Sound
– Encapsulated Carbonation
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Multi-Sensory Effervescent Product Ideas
Treatment Products
▪ Skin treatment bath ball with soothing botanical
extracts and skin conditioners
▪ Cold therapy bath ball with eucalyptus oil
▪ Foot soak marbles with menthol for
cooling/tingling sensation
▪ Nail soak tablet with soothing botanical extracts
and conditioning oils
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Multi-Sensory Effervescent Product Ideas
Luxury/Pampering/Prestige Products
▪ Foaming bath ball with soluble glitter
▪ Milk treatment bath ball
Aromatherapy Products
▪ Exothermic fragrance tablet for shower use
▪ Exothermic fragrance tablet for use in kitchen sink
▪ Marbles or granules for table-top room use
▪ Fragrance tablets for use in room humidifiers
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Multi-Sensory Effervescent Product Ideas
Teen Products
▪ Crackling bath oil
▪ Foaming bath ball with glitter
Kids’ Products
▪ Crackling bath product that adds vivid color to the
bath water
▪ Crackling powder or gel hand cleanser
▪ Foaming bath ball with concealed toy that is
released during use