efficiency of data center cooling

Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016

Efficiency of Data Center coolingComparison of data room layouts and cooling systems

Bohumil CimbalProduct manager for Cooling Systems


• What DC arrangement is preferred?• What is the requested cooling capacity?• What temperatures in DC?• How to increase Cooling efficiency?

Basic questionsbetween investor and cooling designer

Objective

Data center cooling


Data center cooling

• Datacenter as a heat source• Cooling effectiveness• Methods to increase effectivity • DC room layouts and cooling systems• Case study comparison

Content


Data Center Cooling


Data center cooling

100%


Data center components power consumption

Data center cooling


Data center cooling

1. Measure and calculate efficiencyawareness is a good start

2. Application of power saving components fans, compressors, pumps, EC motors, etc.

3. Use of sophisticated logiccontrol software, communication of all parts in system, free-cooling, pressure control, etc.

4. Set the correct temperaturesair, water, refrigerant

Increasing effectivity


TOTAL FACILITY POWER• Power delivery components (UPS,

generators, PDUs, batteries, and distribution losses external to the IT equipment)

• Cooling system components (chillers, air conditioners, pumps, and cooling towers)

• Compute, network, and storage nodes• Other miscellaneous component loads

(lighting, cleaning...)

IT EQUIPMENT POWER• Load associated with all of the IT

equipment• Computer, storage, and network

equipment• Supplemental equipment

(monitors, and workstations /laptops) used to monitor or otherwise control the datacenter

Power usage effectiveness

Power usage

effectiveness


Power usage effectiveness


Temperature in DC

Different points of view

IT equipment Comfort x Cooling Energy Efficiency

What is the right temperature in DC?


From IT point of view

Temperature in DC

Ti = 18 – 27°Cj = 30 - 60%

ASHRAE Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments


the colder the better...


From Energy point of view

• Higher capacity of heat exchanger• Thermal losses to the surround of DC• Friendly compressor circuit

conditions• Higher efficiency of cold source• Long free-cooling utilization

Benefits of higher temperature:Air

temperature increase

AC annual energy savings

1 K 4 %2 K 8 %3 K 12 %4 K 16 %5 K 20 %

Source: Schweizer Bundesanstalt für Energiewirtschaft

Temperature in DC


Temperature in DC

Temperature impact on Cooling capacity (kW)

Return airTemperature /Humidity

Water temperature

6/12 °C 10/16 °C 12/18 °C 15/21 °C

45 °C / 15 % 81,8 72,4 67,7 60,7

40 °C / 20 % 70,1 60,7 55,9 48,9

35 °C / 25 % 58,3 48,9 44,2 37,1

30 °C / 30 % 46,5 37,1 32,4 25,3

25 °C / 40 % 37,1 27,7 23,0 15,9


Ti = 25°C Ti = 18°C

22% annual energy consumption difference

Temperature in DC


the hotter the better...

http://www.google.cz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=hj7EDBe3qxb_kM&tbnid=0Uc3c-xyu6ew4M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.layoutsparks.com/pictures/summer-beach-0&ei=tzBmUv6wJ4WbtAaLrYCwBg&bvm=bv.55123115,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNEV9wJKs_TwEmY1AZJl_W8kN0Rhog&ust=1382515233854535


Temperature in DC

Right conditions for computers + Maximal energy efficiency

Hot and Cold Air Separation



BLANKING PLATES

SIDE VIEW

Blanking panels and Separation frames


Racks in the Open Aisle




Not enough air



Too much air



Optimal air flow

Impossible to keep steadyServers change the air-flow continually



The only possibility !

with air flow control

Mechanical Air Separation


Plenum Feed With Room Return

Modular Closed Loop w. In-row Units

Cold aisle Containment w. Top cooling

Room Feed withPlenum Return

Cold aisle Containmentw. Plenum Feed or In-row

Closed aisle Containment w. In-row Units

Data Center Room Arrangements


ComparisonCRAC x In-Row x Topcooling

Data room Cooling systems


Cold and Hot Aisles



CRAC = Computer Room Air Conditioner




CRAC solution• Cold air delivered

under floor• Long way to servers

Function and Air path



In-RowAir-conditioning units integrated into rows of racks



In-ROW solutionDeliver cold air where required – front of servers




Top coolingAir-conditioning units on top of racks



Topcooling solutionDeliver cold air where required – front of servers




In-ROW solution

Easy to plan different power and temperature zones

CRAC solution

Only one temperature in all zones in one room

Temperature zones



In-ROW solution

Possibility of DC enlarging in stepsMinimizing initial investment

CRAC solution

Big initial investmentLow initial efficiency

Easy future enlargement


Basic features comparison

CRAC In-row Top

coolingShort air path to servers Easy to plan diff. power and temperature zones DC enlarging in steps - minimizing initial invest. Open or Closed Architecture Cold or Hot Containments Technical service out of DC room Water in DC room Total power consumption of indoor units

Basic features comparison


Financial effect:

1. Floor area savings2. Energy savings

- 16 racks 600mm, depth 1000mm, height 42U- contained cold aisle- 35°C in hot zone, 25°C in cold zone- Chilled water system (10/15°C)- heat load 6kW/rack (total demanded cooling capacity 96 kW)- requested redundancy n+1

Example:

Case study

Case study


• 3 CRAC units• cooling capacity 53 kW • air flow 9.000 m3/h• dimensions 950 x 900 mm• consumption 1,8 kW

• Occupied floor area = 2,6 m2

• Total consumption 3,6 kW (2 running units)

CRAC (CW)

• 6 in-row units • cooling capacity 21 kW• air flow 3800 m3/h• dimensions 300 x 100 mm• consumption 0,77 kW max

(0,3 kW at capacity 96/6=16 kW per unit)


• Total consumption 1,8 kW (6 low-speed running units)

In-Row (CW)

• 4 Topcooling units• cooling capacity 38 kW• air flow 7.700 m3/h)• dimensions 2400 x 600 mm• consumption 0,7 kW max

(0,2 kW at capacity96/4=24 kW per unit)

• Occupied floor area = 0 m2


CoolTop (CW)

Case study

Case study


• 3 CRAC units • cooling capacity 53 kW • air flow 9.000 m3/h• dimensions 950 x 900 mm• consumption 1,8 kW



CRAC (CW)

• 6 in-row units• cooling capacity 21 kW• air flow 3800 m3/h• dimensions 300 x 100 mm• consumption 0,77 kW max

(0,3 kW at capacity 96/6=16 kW per unit)


• Total consumption 1,8 kW (6 low-speed running units)

In-Row (CW)

• 4 Topcooling units• cooling capacity 38 kW• air flow 7.700 m3/h)• dimensions 2400 x 600 mm• consumption 0,7 kW max

(0,2 kW at capacity96/4=24 kW per unit)

• Occupied floor area = 0 m2


CoolTop (CW)

Case study

Case study


Financial effects:

1. Floor area savings

Floor area per unit Number of units

Occupied floor area Floor area price Financial loss

(m2) (pcs) (m2) (€/m2/year) (€/year)

Top cooling 0 4 0 10 000 0

In-Row 0,3 6 1,8 10 000 18 000

CRAC 0,9 3 2,7 10 000 27 000Expected price of one footprint (0,6m2) is 500€ per month.

Case study

Case study


Financial effects :

1. Energy savings

Indoor units consumption

Number of units

Annual power consumption

Energy price Annual costs

(kW) (pcs) (kWh) (€/kWh) (€/year)

Top cooling 0,2 x 4 = 0,8 4 7008 0,15 1 051

In-Row 0,3 x 6 = 1,8 6 15768 0,15 2 365CRAC CW* 0,7 x 3 = 2,1 3 18396 0,15 2 759

CRAC CW** 1,8 x 2 = 3,6 3 31536 0,15 4 730* Redundant units are working (partial operation).** Redundant units are stand-by.

Case study

Case study


Top cooling In-Row CRAC0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Case study

Annual savings (€)


References


Data center cooling

• DC conceptBusiness plan in time, sizes, capacities

• Cooling designcooling system, CFD simulation, critical situations, safety points

• Building processproduct quality, piping system, monitoring

• Operationair separation, temperature setting, efficiency tracing

Summary


Dipl.Ing. Bohumil Cimbál

[email protected]

www.conteg.com

Thank you for your attention

efficiency of data center cooling

Technology