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February 6, 2013 1
Efficiency Vermont is a Registered Provider with The American
Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES).
Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to
AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA
members and non-AIA members are available upon request.
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional
education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed
or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any
material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using,
distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be
addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
February 6, 2013 2
Learning Objectives
By the end of this program, participants will be able to:
Understand the current state of LED technology.
Learn about new LED products and applications.
Evaluate the challenges confronting LED design and manufacturing.
Understand the future potential of various LED product categories.
February 6, 2013 3
Course Evaluations
In order to maintain high-quality learning experiences, please access
the evaluation for this course by logging into CES Discovery and
clicking on the Course Evaluation link on the left side of the page.
Jim Gaines
February 6, 2013
Manufacturer Panel: LED Lamp
Technology Trends
February 6, 2013 5
Outline
What is the reason for the LED revolution, anyway?
What do we stand to gain with LED?
Barriers/Drivers
Actual Products
Explosion of products, to replace the existing technologies
Technology is changing so rapidly product life (in market) is
only about 12-18 months.
Products with completely new features are being introduced.
February 6, 2013 6
Comparison of Lighting Technologies
DOE 2012 MYPP
February 6, 2013 7
Progress and Expectations for LED Devices
DOE 2012 MYPP
February 6, 2013 9
What efficacy can we hope to reach?
DOE 2012 MYPP Pie in the sky!
Best
guess
February 6, 2013 10 DOE 2012 MYPP
Price: 60W incandescent equivalent
February 6, 2013 11
System
LED engine
Driver and controls
Optics
Mechanics /
materials
Phosphors /
color conversion
30
210
60
240
90 270
120
300
150
330
180
0
Thermal
Technology
February 6, 2013 12
R&D and Manufacturing Barriers
Cost reduction/Performance Improvement
• LEDs
• Optics
• Electronics
• Thermal management !!
• Packaging
Reliability/Lifetime
• Poor understanding of system reliability
• Testing to reliably establish lifetime
Need faster and less testing
Compatibility with dimmers and sensors
New approaches for luminaires that take full advantage of LEDs
Manufacturing for high-volume and high-yield of luminaires & lamps
February 6, 2013 13
Two Product Directions
Retrofit products to fit into existing
luminaires/sockets
+ Energy savings quickly
+ Low installation costs
+ High volume potential in short
term
- Not optimally efficient (thermal)
Products for New Installations
+ Optimize for greatest efficiency
+ Add features for additional
savings (occupancy/daylighting
controls, etc)
- Low volume today
- Higher risk (no standards yet)
February 6, 2013 14
Market Barriers
Energy Savings wrt all conventional lighting
Affordable LED products
High quality products (avoid CFL story)*
Compatibility with infrastructure (dimmers, etc) for retrofits
Delay and expense of testing
• LM-80, LM-79, LM-82, TM-21
• DOE/FTC Lighting Facts
• Energy Star
• UL and other safety organizations
*But don’t force too-high standards!
February 6, 2013 15
Cost and Performance affect Market Acceptance
Over-focus on performance is just as likely to hurt market adoption as
over-focus on cost.
Cost focus.
Low cost is
“better” Performance
focus. High
perf is “better”
February 6, 2013 16
Major Driver: Cost Down
Goal for SSL products is generally a factor of 10 decrease in cost
from 2010 to 2015.
Necessary to reach high volumes.
Evolutionary progress
Architecture Breakthroughs
February 6, 2013 17
Other Drivers
Other drivers:
Efficiency increases will continue for both LEDs and lighting
systems
Add features for additional energy savings
Occupancy sensing
Daylight compensation
…
Add features to differentiate
End of life indication
Constant Light Output
Communication/Control/Networking
Color change, scene setting
…
What value will the
marketplace put on
these features?
What role will
regulations play (e.g.
Title 24, EISA)?
February 6, 2013 18
Worries Aren’t LED’s dangerous (to eyes, health, sleep patterns)?
Don’t they cost more money/energy to make than they save?
Won’t they hurt the electrical grid with all those harmonics?
Will LEDs really live up to their claims?
Don’t they damage things, like museum artifacts?
Aren’t they unsafe in application XYZ?
February 6, 2013 19
February 6, 2013 20
February 6, 2013 21
LED Bulbs
Product No. 414839 409946 418590 423525
Lamp 40W A19 60W A19 75W A21 100W A21
Wattage 8W 12.5W 17W 22W
Lumens 450 800 1100+ 1780
Energy Star Yes Yes Yes Pending
Energy Star rated lamps
highlighted in “blue”
Make to Stock items
(420224)
98% over 18,000 hours
February 6, 2013
22
MR16 LED
10W
Beam / CT 2700K 3000K 4000K
15 414748
(405 lm)
414755
(435 lm) ----
25 420166
(480 lm)
420174
(495 lm)
414797
(440 lm)
35 420182
(470 lm)
420190
(485 lm)
414821
(410 lm)
7W
Beam / CT 2700K 3000K 4000K
15 414656
(320 lm)
414664
(345 lm) ----
25 414680
(360 lm)
414698
(380 lm)
414706
(350 lm)
36 414714
(335 lm)
414722
(360 lm)
414730
(325 lm)
5.5W
Beam / CT 2700K 3000K 4000K
24 420398
(290 lm)
420380
(300 lm) ----
Energy Star rated lamps
highlighted in “blue”
Make to Stock items
February 6, 2013
23
AirFlux Technology
PAR16
PAR20
PAR30S
PAR30L
PAR38
BR40 BR30
R20
February 6, 2013 25
LED Lamps Generation Reference - GU10
3W 6W
PAR16 GU10 AirFlux PAR16 GU10
Planned to phase out in
December 2012
February 6, 2013 28
LED Lamps Generation Reference – PAR30S and PAR30L
Die-Cast PAR30 600& 800 Series AirFlux PAR30S
11W 12W
13W
13W
Planned to phase out in December 2012
11W 12W 13W
Die-Cast PAR30L 600& 800 Series AirFlux PAR30L
Planned to phase out in December 2012
13W
HO
February 6, 2013 30
LED Lamps Generation Reference – PAR38
Die-Cast PAR38 800 Series
Die-Cast PAR38 1200 Series
AirFlux PAR38
16W
18W
AirFlux PAR38
18W 17W
19.5W
Die-Cast PAR38 600 Series AirFlux PAR38 (CorePro)
13W Planned to phase out in
December 2012
Planned to phase out in
December 2012
Planned to phase out in
December 2012
Available in March 2013
February 6, 2013 31
Introducing the Retail Optic PAR Platform Setting a new standard for reflectors
PAR30S available December
PAR38 1200lm & PAR30L coming Q1 2013
February 6, 2013 34
Clear Prism
150 Lumens (E12 & E26)
Non-Energy Star
LED Lamps Decorative Candles Generation Reference
Direct White LEDs
Clear Prism
180 Lumens (E12 & E26)
Energy Star Compliant
Previous Generation:
Phased Out
Current Generation:
Available Now
Next Generation:
Available January 2013
Frosted Prism
180/200 Lumens (E12/E26)
Non-Energy Star
February 6, 2013
19 Watts
1650 lumens
40,000 hrs L70B50
Mains Wired
GSA Compliant
GREEN CAPS
35
TLED Lamps TLED Specifier Energy Savings Transition
22 Watts
1650 lumens
40,000 hrs L70B50
Mains Wired
GSA Compliant
BLUE CAPS
Rolling Change
Starting December
3 Save
Watts
February 6, 2013 36
TLED EXT T8 System DLC qualified
Patent pending “Channeled Optic” technology
- High system efficacy – 104 lm/w
- Driver efficiency >90%
- 2500 lm at 22.5W
Reduced maintenance costs
- Super long life – 50,000 hrs at L70B50
- Easy Installation, like T12 to T8
“Channeled Optics”
for more uniform
light distribution
February 6, 2013 39
Policy Changes Helpful to Industry
Reduce costs and delays due to large number of regulations.
Some standards (Energy Star) are delaying adoption
Non-energy-related specifications
Long (6000 hours ~ 9 months) testing
There are too many regulations
IESNA (LM-79, LM-80, LM-82, TM21….), UL/CSA/IEC, Energy
Star/EPA, FCC, FTC, DOE, …
It takes too much time to fulfill regulations
Multiple regulations
6000 hours of testing
Product lifetime is about 12 months.
70% of lifetime is over when Energy
Star is finally ready.
February 6, 2013 40
Policy Changes Helpful to Industry
Most large public utilities require Energy Star or DLC for rebates
Some utilities (CA) have even higher efficacy requirements
Lamp type Power (W) Efficacy (lm/W) Light Output (lm)Incandescent 60 13 780
LED (50 lm/W) 15.6 50 780
LED (60 lm/W) 13 60 780
LED (70 lm/W) 11.1 70 780
Save 44W now with 50 lm/W or hold
out for 47 or 49W?
February 6, 2013 41
Standards
Standards
• Can save energy and money by increasing interchangeability, and
reducing product proliferation.
• Can cost energy and money if they become too restrictive.
Standards aim:
• set minimum standards
– Prevent poor products
– Encourage market acceptance
• Harmonize over US (and beyond)
• Strong surveillance
• Do not regulate lifetime
– manufacturer warrantees
– market will learn which brands to trust
Energy Star can add value, but need to allow for wide application range
February 6, 2013 42
External Testing for SSL
External testing and requirements
• Safety approbation (UL, CSA, ETL)
• Emissions (FCC)
• LM80, LM79, TM-21, LM-82, …
• Energy Star/DLC/LED accelerator/…
• FTC (Lighting Facts labels)
• DOE (Rules and Lighting Facts validation)
• Ashrae 90.1 – 2010
• Title 24
• California Bulb Specification (in process)
February 6, 2013 43
External Testing – Value added
Early stage of new technology:
• High excitement
• High potential benefits
• High number of players
• High speed
• High risk
• High price
Standards requiring testing, like DLC:
• Filter out poor products
• Enhance adoption with rebates
• Keep manufacturers honest (e.g. CALiPER)
• Smooth the way for mass adoption
• Save energy
February 6, 2013 44
Saturated Colors
y
x
0
0
The human eye can detect
color changes as small as
about 0.001 in x,y
1
1
February 6, 2013 45
What is “white” light?
February 6, 2013 46
Color in daylight
Color Rendering Index
Color in lamplight
Use CRI
Home / Office 80
Factory 60
Street Lighting 40
# of LEDs CRI
4 90+
3 85
2 40
February 6, 2013 47
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Wavelength (nm)
Lig
ht
Inte
nsit
y (
a.u
.)
85ºC
75ºC
65ºC
55ºC
45ºC
35ºC
25ºC
15ºC
Temperature dependence of emitted LED light
Blue LED Red LED Green LED
February 6, 2013 48
Human Eye Response
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
380 430 480 530 580 630 680 730
Wavelength
Inte
nsit
y
February 6, 2013
AirFlux Platform (new design)
Finned Platform (Die Cast)
50
AirFlux Technology Uses convection & conduction to dissipate heat