efficient, economic, environmental (3e) energy systems for ......efficient, economic, environmental...
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Efficient, Economic, Environmental (3E) Energy Systems for Sustainable Development
A Viable Global Energy Strategy
2 May 2017
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Environment degradation direct and immediate harmful health effects
Global energy system runs on exhaustible fossil fuels – fossilized sunshineClimate change – Greenhouse gas Long-term adverse planet-scale effects
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1720 1870 2020 2500
CoalWood
Oil
Renewables
150+ more years100+ more years
World Pop. 0.6 B 1.3 B 7.6 B
Fossil fuels and the existential threats:
??
“Fossilized Sunshine”
2050
>9 B
“Inexhaustible Sunshine”
Energy is Humankind’s Biggest Challenge!Three Existential Threats
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Common man solution is needed now!Proposition: Affordable, scalable energy systems that are ready to go and can build pathways to harnessing Earth’s inexhaustible energy resource – SUNSHINE
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A Viable Long-Term SolutionHarnessing, Storing & Distributing Sunshine
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How could renewable energy, particularly solar and wind, be stored and shipped across
oceans and continents?
Sunshine is humankind’s vast inexhaustible clean energy resource 1 hour of Sunshine > 1 year of global energy needs
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Liquid Sunshine Concept
Sunshine
CO2 H2O
EthanolC2H5OH
MethanolCH3OH
Primary Alcohol Fuels
End Users
StoringSunshine and CO2
as alcohol fuels
CO2 from recycling and
air capture
1 hour of Sunshine
EXCEEDS1 year of
global energy needs
Harnessing and bringing together sunshine and CO2 to producerenewable storable alcohol fuels is the Liquid Sunshine concept.
Turning Sunshine into a commodity
C1
C2
C1 to C2Conversion
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Synergy of Electricity and Liquids
Regenerate Electricity
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Light / AC Appliances Mobile gadgets Transportation Materials
Surplus Power
Liquid storage
Machinery
instant multipurpose power & no emissions at point of use
versatile, easy to store & ship with global reach
Gasoline, Diesel, LNG, Alcohols, etc.
Grid storage
Electricity Liquids
Synergistic Dual
Energy System
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Reality: Battery is CostlyBreakeven economics and end-of-life recycling costs
$64
$470
$350
$290
$250
$125
$115$55
Current cost of batteries
10-kWh Tesla Powerwall
Target cost of batteries 2020
Adapted from: Covert, Thomas, Michael Greenstone, and Christopher R. Knittel. “Will We Ever Stop Using Fossil Fuels?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 30, no. 1 (February 2016): 117–138. Recycling assumption: Net cost of battery recycling assumed to be $150/kWh in 10 years
plus recycling cost
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1G: Coal-based“High Carbon”
3G: Natural gas / Coal* + Renewable Power (ULE)
“Low Carbon”
4G: Natural gas / Coal +Biomass + Renewable Power
5G: CO2 + H2 from renewables“Carbon Neutral”
Technology Roadmap to Liquid SunshineFirst to Fifth Generation (G) Methanol Technology
2G: Natural gas-based
We are here TODAY!
*1G-Coal to methanol has higher CO2 emissions due to its higher carbon to hydrogen ratio. This can be mitigated by introducing a separate hydrogen-rich source into the process, thereby also improving the yield.
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Liquid Sunshine Technology Roadmap
Almost carbon-neutral
ULEReady for
large-scale deployment
Ready for pilot
testing
Phase ICarbon-Intensive
Phase IICarbon-Light
Phase IIICarbon-Neutral
1G-Coal 2G-Gas 3G-Gas 3G-Coal 4G-Biomass 5G
Coal
Gas
Renewable
Nuclear
Biomass
CO2 Capture
NewTechnologies
Existing Technologies
Deployed in China
Deployed worldwide
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Alcohol-Based FuelsFor Electricity, Heat and Mobility
Turbines Fuel cells Engines
Utility scale power generationOff-grid power generation
IndustrialTransportation
Residential applications – Dimethyl-ether (DME), derived from methanol, can be used as fuel for cooking, space heating, water heating
Burners
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Tackling Today’s Challenges Today
Nuclear
Well GraveWheels
Fossil fuels
Lithium extractionFlammable
Hazardous Waste
RadioactiveNuclear Waste
Air/Water/Soil Pollution
Emissions of Pollutants
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Treat the earth well – it is borrowed from our children and our children's children. collective wisdom from the early centuries to the present