efficient intra and inter-city public transportation system towards
TRANSCRIPT
Efficient Intra and Inter-city
Public Transportation System
Towards Sustainable Urban Development
in Indonesia
DR. Elly Sinaga
Director General for Research and Development Agency,
Ministry of Transportation, Republic of Indonesia
HIGH SPEED TRAIN PROJECT IN INDONESIA(JAKARTA – SURABAYA CORRIDOR)
HERMANTO DWIATMOKO
Directorate General of RailwaysMinistry of Transportation
Republic of IndonesiaJakarta, 2010
Indonesia
• Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic country (17,508 large and
small islands).
• DKI Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, and is located on the northwest
coast of Java island, forming the main city of Indonesia.
• The total population of Indonesia 247 million ( 2012 ) of which 58.5% lives in Java,
the world's 4th most populous country (after China, India and US),
population growth of 1.2% meaning every 2 years we build one
Singapore.
- 3 -
~In 2020 productive ages reaches 70%, dependency ratio will go down significantly in
one decadeSumber: BPS, World Population Prospect (UN)
Total Population (in
million)237 263
Male) 119 131
Female 118 132
Productive Ages
(20–55 years)
130
(54%)
180
(68%)
2010 2020
2010 2020
Population Composition
Urban and Transport Condition
City’s Population in Indonesia
Jakarta
Surabaya
9,500
Bandung
Medan
TangerangDepok
Semarang
Palembang
Bekasi
MakassarTangerang Selatan
BogorBatam
PekanbaruuMalang
DenpasarBalikpapan
Tasikmalaya
SurakartaManado
MataramYogyakarta
1 city
3 cities
3 cities
3 cities
1 city
15 cities
60 cities
MetropolitanCities (11)
Big Cities (15)
Medium Cities(60)
Po
pu
lati
on
Nu
mb
ers
(th
ou
san
d p
eop
le)
Source: BPS, 2010
Vehicle Trend by mode (in million, 2000-2012)
Source: Statistic Bureau
4.2
5.16.0
6.9
7.5
7.9
8.9
9.5
10.4
4.2
4.5
4.5
4.7
5.0
5.3
2.9
2.32.0
1.91.8
1.7
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.1
1.7
1.41.1
0.90.8
0.70.7
0.7
67.3
52.8
3.2
2000
13.6
3.0
2008
61.7
47.7
2007
54.8
42.019.0
+14.3%
2012
94.4
76.4
2011
85.6
68.8
3.8
2002
23.0
17.0
3.4
2001
20.9
15.3
2010
76.9
61.1
20092006
43.3
32.5
3.4
2005
37.6
28.5
2004
30.5
23.1
2003
26.6
20.0
Motor Cycle Passanger Car Truck Bus Total
CAGR (2000-12) 15.49% 10.83% 9.88% 10.77% 14.3%
Motor CyclePassanger CarTruckBus
Urban Transportation Problems(Jakarta Metropolitan)
• Heavy traffic congestion (average speed around 15kph)
• Low share of public transportation services (16.7%)
• Low commuter rail transport capacity
• High proportion of motorcycle traffic (>70%)
• High rate of road accident
• Air pollution
• High Transportation Cost
• Cost of Health due to pollution impact
but• Rapid Increase in travel demand • Steadily decrease in public transport modal
share
Rapid Increase in Travel Demand
Modal Share %
Motorcycle 62,9
Private Car 17,4
Public Transport 16,7
Total 100
Tangerang +
Tangerang SelatanDKI Jakarta
Kota + Kab. Bekasi
Total Travel DemandYear 2003 arround 37,3 million/day*
Year 2010 arround 59 million/day** 58%
Source : * JICA 2003; URDI 2011 **JAPTraTis, 2011; Ditjen Perhubungan Darat,
Kementerian Perhubungan, 2010
Bogor
Jakarta MRT Development
No Intra and Intercity Railway development Line LengthTarget Year of
Operation
1 MRT Jakarta Stage I 15,1 km 2016
2 Monorel Jakarta (Green Line) 14,3 km 2016
3 Jakarta airport rail 33 km 2015
4 Double Track Cirebon - Surabaya 280 km 2014
5 Bandung Urban Railway 42 km 2016
6 Surabaya Urban Raiway 42 km 2015
7 Jakarta Commuter upgrade 152 km 2014
8 Bandar Tinggi - Kuala Tanjung North Sumatra rail 28,5 km 2014
Intercity
Public Transportation plan & implementation(Case Study : Java Island)
• High travel demand on East - West corridor
• City, town, and other trip generators are growing rapidly along side of roads
• High rate of traffic accident
• Low journey speed for road transport
• High proportion of truck along Northern Java Corridor (in some part >90%)
• Overweight and over dimensional trucks Road damage
• Low modal share of Railway Transport ( for passenger 6%)
• Frequent railway level crossing disturbing urban traffic + accident
Intercity Transportation Problems
- 12 -Sumber: State of Logistic Indonesia 2013
IN
D
27%
VI
E
25%
CH
N
18%
KO
R
16%
MA
L
13%
SG
P
8%
JP
N
11%
US
A
10%
TH
A
20%
Logistic Cost as % of GDP
13
Steel Industrial Area, Petrokimia
Industrial Area
Petrokimia
Food Industrial Complex
Shipyard(the biggest one in Indonesia)
Metropolitan Jakarta
Metropolitan Surabaya
Multi modes Transport Development in Java Corridor
1. Toll Road :Build by-pass and toll road along Northern Java Corridor ---> Intercity Bus Services do not need to pass through city center or other urbanized areas
2. Railway :1. Double track Railway line to improve railway capacity2. High Speed Train3. Elevated crossing to reduce travel time and accident at level crossing
3. Maritime:Short Sea Shipping to shift freight from road transport ( >90%) to maritime
1) Trans Java Toll-road Network
BANDUNG
Jawa Barat
JAKARTA
SERANG
SURABAYA
SEMARANG
DKI
Banten
Jawa TengahJawa Timur
YOGYAKARTADIY
Merak
Bogor
Sukabumi
Cikampek
PadalarangCirebon
Banjar
Kroya
Tegal
Purwokerto
Pekalongan
Solo
Madiun Kertosono
Blitar
Malang
Bangil
Sidoarjo
Bojonegoro
Jember
Banyuwangi
Bojonegoro
Gambringan
Bojonegoro
Gundih
Prupuk
Kutoarjo
BANDUNG
Jawa Barat
JAKARTA
SERANG
SURABAYA
SEMARANG
DKI
Banten
Jawa TengahJawa Timur
YOGYAKARTADIY
Merak
Bogor
Sukabumi
Cikampek
PadalarangCirebon
Banjar
Kroya
Tegal
Purwokerto
Pekalongan
Solo
Madiun Kertosono
Blitar
Malang
Bangil
Sidoarjo
Bojonegoro
Jember
Banyuwangi
Bojonegoro
Gambringan
Bojonegoro
Gundih
Prupuk
Kutoarjo
JAKARTA SURABAYACIREBON
TEGAL
PEKALONGAN SEMARANG BOJONEGOROBREBESBEKASI
BABATJERAKAH
SEMARANG PONCOL
Status April 22, 2014
TOBO
Underconstruction
Operated
201 Km 72 Km 68 Km18 Km 63 Km
35Km
6 Km
2 Km
52,5Km
29,5Km
Operated March 2014 659 km
Under Construction 68 km
TOTAL 727 km
2.1) Construction Of Double Tracking Of North Java Corridors
WADU
UJUNG NEGORO
WELERI
15 Km
34 Km
33 Km
JAMBON
73,5 Km
24,5Km
15
CIREBON SURABAYA
KROYA
KUTOARJO
YOGYAKARTA
SOLO
MADIUN
56 km 123 km 71 km76 km 69 km
PRUPUK
PURWOKERTO
74 km 28 km
PARON KERTOSONO
26 km 97 km
BANDUNG
Jawa Barat
JAKARTA
SERANG
SURABAYA
SEMARANG
DKI
Banten
Jawa TengahJawa Timur
YOGYAKARTADIY
Merak
Bogor
Sukabumi
Cikampek
PadalarangCirebon
Banjar
Kroya
Tegal
Purwokerto
Pekalongan
Solo
Madiun Kertosono
Blitar
Malang
Bangil
Sidoarjo
Bojonegoro
Jember
Banyuwangi
Bojonegoro
Gambringan
Bojonegoro
Gundih
Prupuk
Kutoarjo
BANDUNG
Jawa Barat
JAKARTA
SERANG
SURABAYA
SEMARANG
DKI
Banten
Jawa TengahJawa Timur
YOGYAKARTADIY
Merak
Bogor
Sukabumi
Cikampek
PadalarangCirebon
Banjar
Kroya
Tegal
Purwokerto
Pekalongan
Solo
Madiun Kertosono
Blitar
Malang
Bangil
Sidoarjo
Bojonegoro
Jember
Banyuwangi
Bojonegoro
Gambringan
Bojonegoro
Gundih
Prupuk
Kutoarjo
JALUR GANDA LINTAS SELATAN JAWA (CIREBON – YOGYAKARTA – SURABAYA): 620 km
Solo - MadiunKutoarjo - Yogya -
Solo
Purwokerto -Kroya -Kutoarjo
Cirebon - Prupuk
Prupuk-Purwokerto
Ponorogo
Slahung
Ponorogo
Slahung
Operated 179 km
Underconstruction 74 km
Plan 367 km
620 km
BANDUNG
Jawa Barat
JAKARTA
SERANG
SURABAYA
SEMARANG
DKI
Banten
Jawa TengahJawa Timur
YOGYAKARTADIY
Merak
Bogor
Sukabumi
Cikampek
PadalarangCirebon
Banjar
Kroya
Tegal
Purwokerto
Pekalongan
Solo
Madiun Kertosono
Blitar
Malang
Bangil
Sidoarjo
Bojonegoro
Jember
Banyuwangi
Bojonegoro
Gambringan
Bojonegoro
Gundih
Prupuk
Kutoarjo
BANDUNG
Jawa Barat
JAKARTA
SERANG
SURABAYA
SEMARANG
DKI
Banten
Jawa TengahJawa Timur
YOGYAKARTADIY
Merak
Bogor
Sukabumi
Cikampek
PadalarangCirebon
Banjar
Kroya
Tegal
Purwokerto
Pekalongan
Solo
Madiun Kertosono
Blitar
Malang
Bangil
Sidoarjo
Bojonegoro
Jember
Banyuwangi
Bojonegoro
Gambringan
Bojonegoro
Gundih
Prupuk
Kutoarjo
BANDUNG
Jawa Barat
JAKARTA
SERANG
SURABAYA
SEMARANG
DKI
Banten
Jawa TengahJawa Timur
YOGYAKARTADIY
Merak
Bogor
Sukabumi
Cikampek
PadalarangCirebon
Banjar
Kroya
Tegal
Purwokerto
Pekalongan
Solo
Madiun Kertosono
Blitar
Malang
Bangil
Sidoarjo
Bojonegoro
Jember
Banyuwangi
Bojonegoro
Gambringan
Bojonegoro
Gundih
Prupuk
Kutoarjo
BANDUNG
Jawa Barat
JAKARTA
SERANG
SURABAYA
SEMARANG
DKI
Banten
Jawa TengahJawa Timur
YOGYAKARTADIY
Merak
Bogor
Sukabumi
Cikampek
PadalarangCirebon
Banjar
Kroya
Tegal
Purwokerto
Pekalongan
Solo
Madiun Kertosono
Blitar
Malang
Bangil
Sidoarjo
Bojonegoro
Jember
Banyuwangi
Bojonegoro
Gambringan
Bojonegoro
Gundih
Prupuk
Kutoarjo
Madiun -Surabaya
2.2) Construction Of Double Tracking Of South Java Corridors
High Speed Train project in Indonesia for Jakarta – Surabaya
Corridor, approximately 685 km.
2.3)
3) Short Sea Shipping
19
Passenger Transport fuel saving
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Baseline (DN 2020) Scenario (DS 2020)
Mo
dal
Sh
are
Passanger TransportModal Share Projection
(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)
Airplane
High Speed Train
Conventional Railway/Double Track
Intercity Bus
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DN 2020 DS 2020
(%)
Fuel Saving Passanger Transport Strategy in 2020
(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)
Airplane
High Speed Train
Conventional Railway/Double Track
Intercity Bus
Freight Transport fuel saving
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Baseline (DN 2020) Scenario (DS 2020)
Mo
dal
Sh
are
Freight TransportModal Share Projection
(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)
Airplane
High Speed Train
Short Sea Shipping
Conventional Railway/Double TrackTruck
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DN 2020 DS 2020
(%)
Fuel Saving Freight Transport Strategy in 2020
(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)
Airplane
High Speed Train
Short Sea Shipping
Conventional Railway/Double TrackTruck
CO2 Reduction multi modes strategy
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DN 2020 DS 2020
(%)
CO2 ReductionPassanger Transport Strategy in 2020
(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)
Airplane
High Speed Train
Conventional Railway/Double Track
Intercity Bus
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DN 2020 DS 2020(%
)
CO2 ReductionFreight Transport Strategy in 2020
(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)
Airplane
High Speed Train
Short Sea Shipping
Conventional Railway/Double TrackTruck
23
CONCLUSION
Various efforts in realizing efficient intra and inter-city
public transport in Indonesia is being done and planned by
the government. From development of the double track
line, to the development of the short sea shipping.
The benefits of developing a multi modal transport system
is not only limited to Fuel and CO2 reduction, additional
benefits include reduced high road maintenance cost and
more importantly, reduction in road accident rates.
THANK YOUTERIMA KASIH
.
SEKIAN & TERIMA KASIH