efficient reading and developing your literature review webinar 6th july 2016
TRANSCRIPT
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RESEARCHER DEVELOPMENT
www.exeter.ac.uk/as/rdp/
Efficient Reading and Developing Your Literature Review – 6 July 2016This meeting has been placed on hold. The host will start the meeting at 2 pm. Please ensure that your speakers or headphones are switched on and the sound turned up so that you can hear the presenter when the webinar begins.
If you cannot hear the presenterwhen the webinar begins please use the chat box to let us know.Thank you.
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EFFICIENT R
EADING AND
DEVELOPIN
G YOUR
LITERATU
RE REVIEW
K E L L Y P R E E C E
R E S E A R C H E R D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M M E M A N A G E R ( P G R S )
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WHAT DO YOU WANT FROM THIS COURSE…?
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TODAY WE WILL COVER
Introducing the Literature ReviewSearching the LiteratureEfficient ReadingNote-takingOrganising your ideasStructuring and Writing the Literature Review
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
Understand the role of the literature review in your thesis;
Search and judge relevance of source material efficiently;
Reduce your reading load by intelligent selection;
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Read and take notes with a defined purpose;
Develop a strategy for processing and organising your literature;
Feel confident when outlining and writing up the review.
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PADLET
http://padlet.com/UofE_RD/efficientreadingWEBINAR6_7_2016
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PART 1: INTRODUCING THE LITERATURE REVIEW
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WHAT IS A LITERATURE REVIEW?‘The ‘literature review’ is the part of the thesis
where there is extensive reference to related research and theory in your field; it is where connections are made between the source texts that you draw on and where you position yourself and your research among these sources…
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…You can use the literature to support your identification of a problem to research and to illustrate that there is a gap in previous research which needs to be filled.’
(Ridley, 2012: 3)
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LEARNING TO SITUATE YOUR RESEARCH IN THE FIELD
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The initial research question
The refined research question
The initial scope of research
The revised scope of the review
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PART 2: SEARCHING THE LITERATURE
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FINDING LITERATUREBreakdown your topic and/or research
questions to identify ‘key words’ Pay attention to the keywords used in articlesUse Boolean logic and logical operators –
AND/OR/*Narrow your search – exact phrase or
ADJ/NEARConsider the limits of your search
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THE SNOWBALL TECHNIQUE
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FOR MORE SUPPORT
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RECORDING YOUR SEARCHES
The proposed topic of my researchKey word searches have been completed in the
following places:
Name of catalogue, database, search engine or social bookmarking site
Key word searches conducted or tags used
Results of search (e.g. articles and books located)
Date of search
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KEEPING UP TO DATE – ALERTING SERVICES
• New book alerts• Journal table of content alerts• Database search and auto alerts• Conference alerts• Web content alertsFor more information:
http://vle.exeter.ac.uk/pluginfile.php/515918/mod_resource/content/1/keepinguptodate.pdf
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TARGETING SOURCE MATERIALSSocial mediaWord-of-mouthIndicesCritical reviewsEdited volumes
Journal articles Monographs FootnotesTheses
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PART 3: EFFICIENT READING
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AN ACTIVE READER…
Is selectiveIs critical Interacts with the textChanges reading orderRe-reads with a purposeAnticipates
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DISCUSSION – READING HABITS
How many hours do you spend reading a week? (Research reading only)
Do you feel you read enough? Where do you read?When do you read?How long is your ‘attention span’?
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PREPARING TO READ
Prepare your workspaceScope the reading projectCollect materialsNo interruptions!
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PREVIEWING AND SELECTING
Currency?Credibility?Relevance?What is new to me?What do I already know?In which order should I read the sections/chapters?
What needs my in-depth attention?
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SCAN READING
1 Read the title2 Read the abstract3 Read the introduction, the headings, the first
and last sentence of every paragraph and the conclusion and then
4 Tell your neighbour what you thought the article was about
(Thomson, 2012)
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ACCELERATION BY DEFAULT
Reading more quickly is the result of Eliminating distractions where possible (or responding to them positively)
Finding focus: time, place, environment Selecting more efficiently (preview, skimming)
Making space for proper reading sessions
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STEPS
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HOW DO I KNOW I’M GETTING SOMEWHERE?
‘[If you're] starting find themes and patterns in the literature ... that means you are making progress.’
(Marshall and Green, 2010: 54)
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‘Build an argument, not a library’.
(Rudestam and Newton, 1992: 49)
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PART 4: NOTE-TAKING STRATEGIES
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SUMMARISINGMake a record of the mains points of a text –
notetaking, highlighting, annotatingDraft a summary acknowledging the source and
writing down the main points the text is making. Consider: purpose, main evidence/supporting points, and connections between evidence and argument
Redraft to present the main points in the most logical order
(Adapted from Ridley, 2012 and Thomson, 2015)
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DEVELOP A CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Forms an index of referencesHelps you keep track of what you’ve readHighlights key points – for re-readingGets you to critique not just describeWriting practiceContent you could potentially use in your
literature review/thesis
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CORNELL METHOD
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NOTE-TAKING MATRIX
Text Argument Field Thesis Topic
Definitions Concepts Type of text
Categorisations offered
Connections
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NOTE-TAKING MATRIX
Author/s (year)
Aims or research questions
Location of study
Sample size and identity
Data collection and methods
Key findings
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NOTE-TAKING MATRIX
Themes in research
Preece (2015)
Wood (2012)
Torr (2009)
Smart (2013)
White (2015)
Foster (2014)
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NOTE-TAKING TECHNOLOGIESEvernote - https://evernote.com/
Freemind - http://freemind.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Page
Goodreader - http://www.goodreader.com/
Google Keep - https://www.google.com/keep/
Microsoft One Note - https://www.onenote.com/
Mindnode - https://mindnode.com/
Noteability - http://www.gingerlabs.com/
Scan Pen - http://scanmarker.com/
Scrivener - http://www.literatureandlatte.com/scrivener.php
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCING TOOLSEndnote - http://endnote.com/Mendeley – https://www.mendeley.com/ReadCube - https://www.readcube.com/Zotero - https://www.zotero.org/
For more information: http://as.exeter.ac.uk/library/subjectguides/general/referencing/referencingsoftware/
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DATA MANAGEMENT
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PART 5: ORGANISING YOUR IDEAS
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A KNOWLEDGE MAP/MIND MAP
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WHAT GETS SORTED?
Meaningful thingsThings often encounteredUnique things
A Radiant Hierarchy of Ideas
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MIND MAP TO STRUCTURE
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WRITING A LITERATURE REVIEW: SIX STEPS TO GET YOU FROM START TO FINISHStep One: Decide on your areas of
researchStep Two: Search for the literatureStep Three: Find relevant excerpts in
your books and articles
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Step Four: Code the literatureStep Five: Create Your Conceptual
SchemaStep Six: Begin to Write Your Literature
Review
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PART 6: STRUCTURING AND WRITING THE LITERATURE REVIEW
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STRUCTURING YOUR LITERATURE REVIEW
• Chronologically• By theme• By sector • By development of ideas• By some combination of the above, or by
another structure you create(University of Leicester, 2016)
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ANALYSING EXISTING THESES
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SOME GUIDANCE FOR WRITING THE LITERATURE REVIEW
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TO WRITE CRITICALLY YOU SHOULD:Present logical arguments which lead into
your conclusionsProvide sound evidence to support your
argumentEvaluate, select, organise and categorise
(Ridley, 2012: 142)
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STRATEGIES FOR WRITING CRITICALLYComparing and contrasting Strategic and selective referencing Synthesising and reformulating arguments Agreeing with, confirming and defending Highlighting strengths and weaknessesRejecting a point of view with a rationale
(Ridley, 2012: 143)
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FOREGROUND YOUR OWN VOICE
The organisation of the textMaking your own assertions, supported by
relevant referencesMaking explicit connections between theories
and conceptsSummarising and evaluating source material
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Providing summaries at the end of sections/chapters
The use of personal pronounsExpressing a point of
view/agreement/disagreement(Ridley, 2012: 159-174)
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QUESTIONS?