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EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for Public Health and the Environment

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Page 1: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective

F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen

National Institute for Public Health and the Environment

Page 2: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

“EFSA started the development of the Concise European Food Consumption Database ………… intended to be used by EFSA Panels and others, including Member States, in order to perform preliminary exposure analyses during the first step of the exposure assessment.”

“This will allow for the assessment of high and/or low level of exposure to the substance/agent of interest.”

Page 3: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

- The Concise European Food Consumption Database is called “concise” since it is intended to provide a limited number of data that will allow easy performance of a conservative exposure assessment.

- EFSA has developed an ad hoc system with 15 broad food categories, covering, at present, 17 Member States.

- The Concise Database is proposed to be used by EFSA Scientific Panels and Member States for screening purposes.

Page 4: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

Concise European Food Consumption Database

The database applied in practice

Three examples:

- Acrylamide

- Ochratoxin A

- Marine biotoxins

Page 5: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

20.0Total mean intake

1.0<8-538Bread

5.09-2815Coffee (brewed)

0.222-8346Nuts

<1<8-20854Breakfast cereals

<175-11696Chocolate

0.4107-118113Peanut butter

0.211-764155Salty snacks

0.69-914174Knäckebröd/toast

2.633-696202Cookies

1.0117-390284Spiced biscuits

5.4<30-1270309French fries

2.2153-579343Potato chips

1.4271-521353Gingerbread

Dietaryintake

(µg/day)

Min-Max(µg/kg)

Mean(µg/kg)

Food product

Mean acrylamide intake in The Netherlands (RIVM-RIKILT, 2007)

Page 6: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

Attempt to estimate the mean acrylamide intake by using the NL data in the concise database

- All cookies, biscuits, toast, bread etc fall in the category “cereals and cereal products”.

- Mean cereal consumption 219 g.

Page 7: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

20.0Total mean intake

1.0<8-538Bread

5.09-2815Coffee (brewed)

0.222-8346Nuts

<1<8-20854Breakfast cereals

<175-11696Chocolate

0.4107-118113Peanut butter

0.211-764155Salty snacks

0.69-914174Knäckebröd/toast

2.633-696202Cookies

1.0117-390284Spiced biscuits

5.4<30-1270309French fries

2.2153-579343Potato chips

1.4271-521353Gingerbread

Dietaryintake

(µg/day)

Min-Max(µg/kg)

Mean(µg/kg)

Food product

Mean acrylamide intake in The Netherlands (RIVM-RIKILT, 2007)

Page 8: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

Attempt to estimate the mean acrylamide intake by using the NL data in the concise database

- All cookies, biscuits, toast, bread etc fall in the category “cereals and cereal products”.

- Mean cereal consumption 219 g.

- Mean acrylamide intake from cereal products:

219 x (353+284+202+174+54+8)/6 = 39 µg/person per day

Page 9: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

Attempt to estimate the mean acrylamide intake by using the NL data in the concise database

- All cookies, biscuits, toast, bread etc fall in the category “cereals and cereal products”.

- Mean cereal consumption 219 g.

- Mean acrylamide intake from cereal products:

219 x (353+284+202+174+54+8)/6 = 39 µg/person per day

Original mean NL acrylamide intake 6.6 µg/person per day

Page 10: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

20.0Total mean intake

1.0<8-538Bread

5.09-2815Coffee (brewed)

0.222-8346Nuts

<1<8-20854Breakfast cereals

<175-11696Chocolate

0.4107-118113Peanut butter

0.211-764155Salty snacks

0.69-914174Knäckebröd/toast

2.633-696202Cookies

1.0117-390284Spiced biscuits

5.4<30-1270309French fries

2.2153-579343Potato chips

1.4271-521353Gingerbread

Dietaryintake

(µg/day)

Min-Max(µg/kg)

Mean(µg/kg)

Food product

Mean acrylamide intake in The Netherlands (RIVM-RIKILT, 2007)

Page 11: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

Attempt to estimate the mean acrylamide intake by using the NL data in the concise database

- Potato chips and French fries fall in the category “potatoes”

- Mean potato consumption 128 g.

- Mean acrylamide intake from potato products:

128 x (343+309)/2 = 42 µg/person per day

Mean NL intake from potato products = 7.6 µg/person per day

Page 12: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

20.0Total mean intake

1.0<8-538Bread

5.09-2815Coffee (brewed)

0.222-8346Nuts

<1<8-20854Breakfast cereals

<175-11696Chocolate

0.4107-118113Peanut butter

0.211-764155Salty snacks

0.69-914174Knäckebröd/toast

2.633-696202Cookies

1.0117-390284Spiced biscuits

5.4<30-1270309French fries

2.2153-579343Potato chips

1.4271-521353Gingerbread

Dietaryintake

(µg/day)

Min-Max(µg/kg)

Mean(µg/kg)

Food product

Mean acrylamide intake in The Netherlands (RIVM-RIKILT, 2007)

Page 13: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

Attempt to estimate the mean acrylamide intake by using the NL data in the concise database

- Nuts fall in the category “vegetables, nuts and pulses”

- Mean potato consumption 182 g.

- Mean acrylamide intake from potato products:

182 x 46 = 8 µg/person per day

Mean NL intake from nuts = 0.2 µg/person per day

Page 14: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

- Mean acrylamide intake in NL 20 µg/person per day

- Mean acrylamide intake using

NL data in Concise Database 110 µg/person per day

The example of acrylamide

Page 15: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

Mean ochratoxin A intake in The Netherlands, Bakker et al. 2007

63Total mean intake* without rye

33880.007Milk, dairy products

54480.012Coffee (brewed)

31170.024Beer

<180.03Nuts

5133 0.04Meat

351590.22Other cereals*

4 170.25Red wine

1 20.49Grape juice

240.59Cocoa

340.73Rye

21 1.87Raisins

Mean OTAintake

(ng/person/day)

Mean foodConsumption(g/person/day)

MeanConcentration

(µg/kg)

Food product

Page 16: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

The example of ochratoxin A using the concise database

63 506Total mean intake* without rye

3 3388 3880.007Milk, dairy products

5 11448 8870.012Coffee (brewed)

3 4117 1610.024Beer

<1 58 1820.03Nuts

5 6133 1390.04Meat

35 48159 2190.22Other cereals*

4 1017 390.25Red wine

1 342 700.49Grape juice

2 25 4 430.59Cocoa

3 1604 2190.73Rye

2 2001 1071.87Raisins

Mean OTAintake

(ng/person/day)

Mean foodConsumption(g/person/day)

MeanConcentration

(µg/kg)

Food product

Page 17: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

Evaluation of marine biotoxins by EFSA‘s Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

What is the appropriate portion size?

Page 18: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

NA4804651363947/4,285 (1.1%)

DNFCS 1997-

98

The Netherlands

(2 days)

4/week23911451

212/1,631

(13%)NDNS 2000-01UK (7 days)

3/week1,500400107171

150/23,239

(0.6%)NVS 1985-88

Germany (7

days)

4/week1,0008347

212/1,981

(11%)

INN-CA 1994-

96Italy (7 days)

NA2457022NA862/997 (86%)

CALIPSO

(mussels)France (FFQ)

NA4159432NA962/997 (96%)

CALIPSO

(bivalve

molluscs)France (FFQ)

NA10NA(11%)INCA 1999France (7 days)

Maximum

frequency

Maximum

portion

weight (g)

95th

percentile

Mean portion

weight (g)

Number of

eating occasions

for

consumers/year

Number of

consumers N

(%)StudyCountry

Shellfish consumption in France, Italy, The Netherlands, the UK, and Germany, based on national food consumption surveys (EFSA, 2007)

Page 19: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

Mussel consumption in The Netherlands

0

5

10

15

20

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 500

Portion size (g)

Fre

qu

en

cy

Page 20: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

11A Seafood and seafood products

Oysters, snails, jelly, fish, squid, caviar, nuggets of shrimp/calamari, tarama, fish eggs

11B Fish and fish products

Surimi/sea sticks (crab fish), finger fish, battered fish

Categorisation of fish and seafood in concise database

Page 21: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

60463714323/17247UK

69585017604/10887SWE

15015015010713/22081SLO

232166133512243/2321?NOR

38528820043110/10751ICE

10775367237/355028GER

36241851706/31507DK

24018012031231/42852NL

6060602525/17232Belgium

1581401033377/15447Italy

79463916353/11957France

99%tile(g)

97.5%tile(g)

95%tile(g)

Mean(g)

NumberSurvey(days)

Seafood consumption data in the Consolidated Database

Page 22: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

SAFE FOODS

Goal: Use of food consumption databases in harmonised Pan-European risk assessment

Tool: E-platform of national consumption and residue databases (NL, It, Swe, DK, CZ)

- databases on local servers connected to probabilistic software

- up to date data

- harmonisation of food coding

Page 23: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

EFCOVAL aims to further develop and validate a trans-European food consumption method to be used for estimating the intake of foods, nutrients and potentially hazardous chemicals within the European population.

- To upgrade and extend the computerized 24h dietary recallprogram EPIC-SOFT to be suitable for dietary monitoringon a European scale.

- To expand the upgraded software program to younger age groups.

Page 24: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption Database

What is needed for a meaningful exposure assessment?

Page 25: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption Database

What is needed for a meaningful exposure assessment?

- Disaggregated consumption data for various food categories.

Page 26: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption Database

What is needed for a meaningful exposure assessment?

- Disaggregated consumption data for various food categories.

- Data on raw agricultural products ánd marketed food products (or conversion model).

Page 27: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption Database

What is needed for a meaningful exposure assessment?

- Disaggregated consumption data for various food categories.

- Data on raw agricultural products ánd marketed food products (or conversion model).

- Better data on infrequently consumed foods.

Page 28: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption Database

What is needed for a meaningful exposure assessment?

- Disaggregated consumption data for various food categories.

- Data on raw agricultural products ánd marketed food products (or conversion model).

- Better data on infrequently consumed foods.- Data on specific target groups (e.g. young children,

immigrants).

Page 29: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption Database

What is needed for a meaningful exposure assessment?

- Disaggregated consumption data for various food categories.

- Data on raw agricultural products ánd marketed food products (or conversion model).

- Better data on infrequently consumed foods.- Data on specific target groups (e.g. young children,

immigrants).

- Strengthen collaboration with other international activities aiming at setting up a Pan-European consumption database.

Page 30: EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption …€™s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen National Institute for …

I would like to thank my “sparring” partners Martine Bakker (RIVM) and Polly Boon (RIKILT).