efsa’s concise european food consumption …€™s concise european food consumption database: a...
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EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption Database: A contaminants perspective
F.X. Rolaf van Leeuwen
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
“EFSA started the development of the Concise European Food Consumption Database ………… intended to be used by EFSA Panels and others, including Member States, in order to perform preliminary exposure analyses during the first step of the exposure assessment.”
“This will allow for the assessment of high and/or low level of exposure to the substance/agent of interest.”
- The Concise European Food Consumption Database is called “concise” since it is intended to provide a limited number of data that will allow easy performance of a conservative exposure assessment.
- EFSA has developed an ad hoc system with 15 broad food categories, covering, at present, 17 Member States.
- The Concise Database is proposed to be used by EFSA Scientific Panels and Member States for screening purposes.
Concise European Food Consumption Database
The database applied in practice
Three examples:
- Acrylamide
- Ochratoxin A
- Marine biotoxins
20.0Total mean intake
1.0<8-538Bread
5.09-2815Coffee (brewed)
0.222-8346Nuts
<1<8-20854Breakfast cereals
<175-11696Chocolate
0.4107-118113Peanut butter
0.211-764155Salty snacks
0.69-914174Knäckebröd/toast
2.633-696202Cookies
1.0117-390284Spiced biscuits
5.4<30-1270309French fries
2.2153-579343Potato chips
1.4271-521353Gingerbread
Dietaryintake
(µg/day)
Min-Max(µg/kg)
Mean(µg/kg)
Food product
Mean acrylamide intake in The Netherlands (RIVM-RIKILT, 2007)
Attempt to estimate the mean acrylamide intake by using the NL data in the concise database
- All cookies, biscuits, toast, bread etc fall in the category “cereals and cereal products”.
- Mean cereal consumption 219 g.
20.0Total mean intake
1.0<8-538Bread
5.09-2815Coffee (brewed)
0.222-8346Nuts
<1<8-20854Breakfast cereals
<175-11696Chocolate
0.4107-118113Peanut butter
0.211-764155Salty snacks
0.69-914174Knäckebröd/toast
2.633-696202Cookies
1.0117-390284Spiced biscuits
5.4<30-1270309French fries
2.2153-579343Potato chips
1.4271-521353Gingerbread
Dietaryintake
(µg/day)
Min-Max(µg/kg)
Mean(µg/kg)
Food product
Mean acrylamide intake in The Netherlands (RIVM-RIKILT, 2007)
Attempt to estimate the mean acrylamide intake by using the NL data in the concise database
- All cookies, biscuits, toast, bread etc fall in the category “cereals and cereal products”.
- Mean cereal consumption 219 g.
- Mean acrylamide intake from cereal products:
219 x (353+284+202+174+54+8)/6 = 39 µg/person per day
Attempt to estimate the mean acrylamide intake by using the NL data in the concise database
- All cookies, biscuits, toast, bread etc fall in the category “cereals and cereal products”.
- Mean cereal consumption 219 g.
- Mean acrylamide intake from cereal products:
219 x (353+284+202+174+54+8)/6 = 39 µg/person per day
Original mean NL acrylamide intake 6.6 µg/person per day
20.0Total mean intake
1.0<8-538Bread
5.09-2815Coffee (brewed)
0.222-8346Nuts
<1<8-20854Breakfast cereals
<175-11696Chocolate
0.4107-118113Peanut butter
0.211-764155Salty snacks
0.69-914174Knäckebröd/toast
2.633-696202Cookies
1.0117-390284Spiced biscuits
5.4<30-1270309French fries
2.2153-579343Potato chips
1.4271-521353Gingerbread
Dietaryintake
(µg/day)
Min-Max(µg/kg)
Mean(µg/kg)
Food product
Mean acrylamide intake in The Netherlands (RIVM-RIKILT, 2007)
Attempt to estimate the mean acrylamide intake by using the NL data in the concise database
- Potato chips and French fries fall in the category “potatoes”
- Mean potato consumption 128 g.
- Mean acrylamide intake from potato products:
128 x (343+309)/2 = 42 µg/person per day
Mean NL intake from potato products = 7.6 µg/person per day
20.0Total mean intake
1.0<8-538Bread
5.09-2815Coffee (brewed)
0.222-8346Nuts
<1<8-20854Breakfast cereals
<175-11696Chocolate
0.4107-118113Peanut butter
0.211-764155Salty snacks
0.69-914174Knäckebröd/toast
2.633-696202Cookies
1.0117-390284Spiced biscuits
5.4<30-1270309French fries
2.2153-579343Potato chips
1.4271-521353Gingerbread
Dietaryintake
(µg/day)
Min-Max(µg/kg)
Mean(µg/kg)
Food product
Mean acrylamide intake in The Netherlands (RIVM-RIKILT, 2007)
Attempt to estimate the mean acrylamide intake by using the NL data in the concise database
- Nuts fall in the category “vegetables, nuts and pulses”
- Mean potato consumption 182 g.
- Mean acrylamide intake from potato products:
182 x 46 = 8 µg/person per day
Mean NL intake from nuts = 0.2 µg/person per day
- Mean acrylamide intake in NL 20 µg/person per day
- Mean acrylamide intake using
NL data in Concise Database 110 µg/person per day
The example of acrylamide
Mean ochratoxin A intake in The Netherlands, Bakker et al. 2007
63Total mean intake* without rye
33880.007Milk, dairy products
54480.012Coffee (brewed)
31170.024Beer
<180.03Nuts
5133 0.04Meat
351590.22Other cereals*
4 170.25Red wine
1 20.49Grape juice
240.59Cocoa
340.73Rye
21 1.87Raisins
Mean OTAintake
(ng/person/day)
Mean foodConsumption(g/person/day)
MeanConcentration
(µg/kg)
Food product
The example of ochratoxin A using the concise database
63 506Total mean intake* without rye
3 3388 3880.007Milk, dairy products
5 11448 8870.012Coffee (brewed)
3 4117 1610.024Beer
<1 58 1820.03Nuts
5 6133 1390.04Meat
35 48159 2190.22Other cereals*
4 1017 390.25Red wine
1 342 700.49Grape juice
2 25 4 430.59Cocoa
3 1604 2190.73Rye
2 2001 1071.87Raisins
Mean OTAintake
(ng/person/day)
Mean foodConsumption(g/person/day)
MeanConcentration
(µg/kg)
Food product
Evaluation of marine biotoxins by EFSA‘s Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain
What is the appropriate portion size?
NA4804651363947/4,285 (1.1%)
DNFCS 1997-
98
The Netherlands
(2 days)
4/week23911451
212/1,631
(13%)NDNS 2000-01UK (7 days)
3/week1,500400107171
150/23,239
(0.6%)NVS 1985-88
Germany (7
days)
4/week1,0008347
212/1,981
(11%)
INN-CA 1994-
96Italy (7 days)
NA2457022NA862/997 (86%)
CALIPSO
(mussels)France (FFQ)
NA4159432NA962/997 (96%)
CALIPSO
(bivalve
molluscs)France (FFQ)
NA10NA(11%)INCA 1999France (7 days)
Maximum
frequency
Maximum
portion
weight (g)
95th
percentile
Mean portion
weight (g)
Number of
eating occasions
for
consumers/year
Number of
consumers N
(%)StudyCountry
Shellfish consumption in France, Italy, The Netherlands, the UK, and Germany, based on national food consumption surveys (EFSA, 2007)
Mussel consumption in The Netherlands
0
5
10
15
20
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 500
Portion size (g)
Fre
qu
en
cy
11A Seafood and seafood products
Oysters, snails, jelly, fish, squid, caviar, nuggets of shrimp/calamari, tarama, fish eggs
11B Fish and fish products
Surimi/sea sticks (crab fish), finger fish, battered fish
Categorisation of fish and seafood in concise database
60463714323/17247UK
69585017604/10887SWE
15015015010713/22081SLO
232166133512243/2321?NOR
38528820043110/10751ICE
10775367237/355028GER
36241851706/31507DK
24018012031231/42852NL
6060602525/17232Belgium
1581401033377/15447Italy
79463916353/11957France
99%tile(g)
97.5%tile(g)
95%tile(g)
Mean(g)
NumberSurvey(days)
Seafood consumption data in the Consolidated Database
SAFE FOODS
Goal: Use of food consumption databases in harmonised Pan-European risk assessment
Tool: E-platform of national consumption and residue databases (NL, It, Swe, DK, CZ)
- databases on local servers connected to probabilistic software
- up to date data
- harmonisation of food coding
EFCOVAL aims to further develop and validate a trans-European food consumption method to be used for estimating the intake of foods, nutrients and potentially hazardous chemicals within the European population.
- To upgrade and extend the computerized 24h dietary recallprogram EPIC-SOFT to be suitable for dietary monitoringon a European scale.
- To expand the upgraded software program to younger age groups.
EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption Database
What is needed for a meaningful exposure assessment?
EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption Database
What is needed for a meaningful exposure assessment?
- Disaggregated consumption data for various food categories.
EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption Database
What is needed for a meaningful exposure assessment?
- Disaggregated consumption data for various food categories.
- Data on raw agricultural products ánd marketed food products (or conversion model).
EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption Database
What is needed for a meaningful exposure assessment?
- Disaggregated consumption data for various food categories.
- Data on raw agricultural products ánd marketed food products (or conversion model).
- Better data on infrequently consumed foods.
EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption Database
What is needed for a meaningful exposure assessment?
- Disaggregated consumption data for various food categories.
- Data on raw agricultural products ánd marketed food products (or conversion model).
- Better data on infrequently consumed foods.- Data on specific target groups (e.g. young children,
immigrants).
EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption Database
What is needed for a meaningful exposure assessment?
- Disaggregated consumption data for various food categories.
- Data on raw agricultural products ánd marketed food products (or conversion model).
- Better data on infrequently consumed foods.- Data on specific target groups (e.g. young children,
immigrants).
- Strengthen collaboration with other international activities aiming at setting up a Pan-European consumption database.
I would like to thank my “sparring” partners Martine Bakker (RIVM) and Polly Boon (RIKILT).