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University of Toronto

Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering

APS112 & APS113

Final Design Specification (FDS)

Project # 142 Date April 2nd 2014

Project Title Eglinton Square Community Hub and Adventure Playground

Client Name Michael Kenny

Client Contact executivedirector@theRegenesisproject.com ; michaelk.toronto@gmail.com

Project Manager Mazdak Nikbakht

Presented By Stephane Aroca-Ouellette (1000365348) Adel El Tannir ( 1000266516 ) Anne Kathambi (1001027934) Junjian Luo (1000394931) Kamil Yilanci (1000972888)

This Final Design Specification (the "Report") has been prepared by first-year engineering students at the University of Toronto (the "Students") and does not present a Professional Engineering design. A Professional Engineer has not reviewed the Report for technical accuracy or adequacy. The recommendations of the Report, and any other oral or written communications from the Students, may not be implemented in any way unless reviewed and approved by a licensed Professional Engineer where such review and approval is required by professional or legal standards; it being understood that it is the responsibility of the recipient of the Report to assess whether such a requirement exists. The Report may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without this Disclaimer.

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Executive Summary

Eglinton Parkette is a triangular piece of land defined by Victoria Park Ave, Eglinton

Ave, and O’Connor Drive. It is in the centre of the surrounding community and currently

serves no purpose. Regenesis would like to transform this piece of land into a space

that the community could use to hold programs, activities, and events. The client has

specified that they would like to incorporate an amphitheatre, an adventure park, and a

farmer’s market into the design.

The project has environmental, ethical, social, and economic impacts on the community

and its surroundings. The more important stakeholders are the City of Toronto; the two

community centers near the park; and the Parks, Recreation, and Forestry Department.

The interests of these stakeholders are primarily the safeguarding of the environment

and increasing the social network within the community.

The functional basis of the project is to support mass. The design will provide facilities

to promote the development of the community

An optimal design would:

❖ Hold many different events/activities/programs

❖ Have a large user capacity

❖ Have year round usage

After reviewing our designs with the client, the original proposed design was not

chosen. This was due to the lack of trees in the design and high cost of the design.

Though thought of earlier, the weight of these factors was revised.

The final design will consist of an outdoor amphitheatre that has a fire pit, an adventure

playground, a community garden, a pavilion that can both be used for a farmer’s

market, and as place to eat and relax, as well as picnic tables and communal

barbecues. The pavilion also has walls that can be painted into murals. The design

fulfills the function by gathering the community together to create both a garden and

murals. The adventure park will attract children, and the amphitheatre will allow the

community to gather for events.

This design can hold many different activities, both organized and individually. It has a

large user capacity, doing exceedingly well in both the number of farmer’s market

stands and amphitheatre capacity. However, the design does not have an effective year

round usage.

Commented [1]: Are you aware that you're using a larger font than Times New Roman? This is limiting your word count on the Executive Summary.

Commented [2]: Of what organization?

Commented [3]: Third-person

Commented [4]: By an objective standard or by the team's opinion?

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1.0 Project Requirements

Regenesis, the client’s company, is a non-profit organization whose goals are to

promote social justice and environmentally sustainable communities [27] . One of their

current projects it to build a community hub on a currently central unused plot of land.

1.1 Problem Statement

Eglinton Parkette is a triangular piece of land defined by Victoria Park Ave, Eglinton

Ave, and O’Connor Drive. Since it was defined by those three roads in the 1950’s, it has

never been used (Appendix A). This piece of land is in the centre of the surrounding

community with two community centres, a mall, and a library within walking distance, as

well as three bus stops bordering it [1][2][3][4][5].

A community can increase their social network through the use of local infrastructures

and programs, which is important since a strong social network leads to increased

mental health and overall well-being of a community [6]. In addition, 93% of the

residents in Toronto believe that parks are a vital infrastructure for Toronto [7]. With a

growing and increasingly diverse population and a limited park space, it is important to

utilize all land that is currently not being used [7].

Regenesis would like to create capacity by providing infrastructure that the community

could use to hold programs, activities, and events. The client has specifically asked that

the ground contain an outdoor amphitheatre, an adventure park, a farmer’s market.

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1.2 Identification of Stakeholders

The stakeholders of this project are primarily interested in increasing the social network

of the community, and maximizing positive environmental impact.

Stakeholders Interest Impact on the Project Requirements

Toronto Government

❖ Efficient use of their budget [8]

❖ Ensure water and energy conservation [9]

❖ Ensure the safety of its citizens [10]

❖ The design should stay within the budget allocated by the government.

❖ (1) The design should be environmentally sustainable.

❖ All aspects of the design must be safe to use.

- Action for Neighbourhood Change Victoria Village

- O’Connor Community Centre

❖ To foster positive change to the community using local programs, events, and activities [11][12].

❖ The design should be able to host many different kinds of programs, activities, and events.

Parks, Forestry and Recreation Department

❖ Involvement of the community in park designs[7].

❖ Preservation of nature[7].

❖ Designed for the community.

❖ See impact (1)

Business owners near the implementation of the design.

❖ Maximize profit ❖ The design should increase the number of visitors to the area.

Toronto Transit Commission (TTC)

❖ Ensure efficient transportation of people [13].

❖ The design should not interfere with vehicular traffic in the area.

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1.3 Functions

The functions deal with the transformation of unused space by developing local

infrastructure.

The functional basis of the design is to support mass. Secondary functional basis’

include the transfer of information, and displacement of mass.

1.3.1 Primary functions

The design should:

❖ Create facilities to promote the development of the community

1.3.2 Secondary Functions

The following secondary functions enable the primary function. These include:

❖ Provide infrastructures that the community can use to host activities, programs,

and events.

❖ Display information regarding activities and events happening at the community

hub.

1.3.2 Unintended Functions

The following unintended functions are the result of the primary function being

executed.

❖ Development of retail stores [14].

❖ Increase in real estate value for nearby houses.

1.4 Objectives

A successful design will meet or exceed the following objectives. The objectives are

listed from most to least important (Appendix B).

1. Hold many different events/activities/programs

● Goal: Should be able to hold at least 11 different activities or programs

(Appendix C)

● Metric: Count the number of unique, existing programs held at the nearby

community centres.

2. Have a large user capacity

● Goal: For the amphitheatre to hold 50 people, the farmer’s market to hold

20 vendors, and the adventure park to have a capacity of 36 children

(Appendix D).

● Metric: The capacity of each section will be determined by the area of the

section divided by the density of the users.

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3. Year round usage

● Goal: To have 300 users a week during the winter months (Appendix F).

● Metric: Use statistical data on the usage of implemented designs.

4. Environmentally sustainable

● Goal: To receive a platinum LEED certification (Appendix E).

● Metric: Use the available rubric to measure the number of points

received, and then use that number to determine certification level

(Appendix E)

5. Provide job opportunities

● Goal: Open up 35 job positions for the community[15].

● Metric: Count the number of permanent jobs created by the design.

6. Cost effective

● Goal: To stay within the budget (Appendix G).

● Metric: Calculate the budget.

7. Few delays to local traffic

● Goal: Having a 72 seconds/km travel time at capacity(Appendix H).

● Metric: Determine the travel time at capacity (s/km) (Appendix H) [16].

1.5 Constraints

The constraints of this design were posed by the client or are legal in nature.

The design:

❖ Shall follow playground safety codes and regulations [18][19].

Commented [5]: This is a post-implementation metric. This should be based on simulation or predictive methods (on the basis of the types of facilities provided and the target demographics).

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1.6 Service Environments

Eglinton Square is located at the border of Scarborough Southwest and Beaches - East

York in the city of Toronto.

1.6.1 Physical Environment

Month January (winter)

April (Spring)

July (Summer)

October (Fall)

Daily Maximum (°C) -1.3 11.5 26.5 14.2

Daily Minimum (°C) -7.9 3.5 17.6 7.2

Snowfall (cm) 11.0 2.0 0 0

Rainfall (mm) 4.0 11.0 10.0 11.0

Average number of hours of sun per day

3.1 6.3 9.0 4.7

[20]

❖ The area of the park is 8900m2 (Appendix D).

❖ The air quality index of the east side of the Greater Toronto Area in 2013, ranged

from 7 to 49 [21] (Appendix I).

❖ Currently the park is not connected to the water and electricity supply systems

[22].

❖ There are three bus stops located at the edge the park (Appendix A).

❖ South of the triangle lies the Eglinton Square Mall, which is a successful mall

[22].

❖ Southwest of the triangle borders Victoria Village, which is home to 17,500

residents. About 38% of households live in poverty, earning less than $30000

annually. 56% of the Victoria Village residents are immigrants [22].

❖ The water table is lower than 70m down [105].

1.6.2 Living Things

❖ The population density in Scarborough is 3658 people per square kilometre [23].

❖ Coyotes, foxes, raccoons, skunks, and squirrels are part of the wildlife of the

Greater Toronto Area [24].

❖ Eglinton Square Park is not a regulated leash-free area in Scarborough.[25]

❖ The trees occupy 929m2 (Appendix J).

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1.6.3 Virtual Environment

❖ There are five parks near to the triangle [22](Appendix K).

❖ There are 147 cellular towers located nearby, making mobile phones an effective

mean of communication in the area [26].

1.7 Client Ethics and Values

The client strongly supports the environment and communities, which is important to

reflect in our designs.

Mr. Michael Kenny is a Director-at-large and Executive Director at Regenesis. He has

been an environmentalist and social justice activist since his youth, and holds the

environment and the community in the highest regards [27].

2.0 Detailed Design

After reviewing our designs with the client, the original proposed design was not

chosen. Instead alternative design number 1 was chosen. This was for two main

reasons. Firstly, the lack of trees in the design. Being fully surrounded in trees is greatly

beneficial due to the amount of traffic in the area. Not only do the trees block the view of

the road, but they also substantially reduce the noise in the area. Secondly was the high

cost of the design. Since the design will be lobbied to the government, the cheaper the

design is, the more likely it will be successful. While these aspects were thought of

earlier in the project, the client changed how much he weighed these factors.

The proposed design will include:

❖ An outdoor amphitheatre

➢ The amphitheatre is a semi-circle with radius 16m, and area of 800m2.

➢ The stage is a semi circle with radius of 8m, and area of 200m2.

➢ The top seats start at ground level, and seats descend down to the stage

area.

➢ The back of the stage is a white concrete slab that can be painted or

projected on if necessary for shows.

➢ Each row is 1 m long and is 0.5m lower than the previous one

➢ There are two sets of stairs leading down the rows, with steps that are

0.25m deep.

➢ Have a maximum capacity of 290 people. (Appendix L).

➢ There will be a small 10 cm drainage trench between the last row and the

stage. These trenches will direct the flow of excess water away from the

Commented [6]: Valid justification

Commented [7]: discussed; "thought of" may mean that it was never communicated with the client

Commented [8]: How can each row be the same length if it's arranged as decreasing semi-circles?

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the stage and into designated high-drainage areas.

➢ A fire pit will be dug out of the out stage area. The fire pit will have a lid,

that when on is flush with the stage to allow for full usage of the stage.

➢ The amphitheatre seats and stage can be built out of concrete or stone.

While stone is more aesthetic, it is also more costly.

➢ Surrounded by a flower garden.

➢ It will have a layout similar to Figure 1

(Figure 1 - Design of amphitheatre)

❖ Community Garden

➢ Produce grown will be chosen by the community.

➢ There will be a small storage shed with communal gardening tools.

➢ Any produce that is grown and not claimed will be sold at a farmer’s

market stand. Any revenue produced will pay towards maintenance, new

tools, and/or new seeds.

❖ Pavilion

➢ This will be a roofed area that used for the farmer’s market. When not

used for the farmer’s market, it will provide shade and seating for park

users.

➢ One side will be completely open, the other will have segmented murals

along it (Figure 2).

➢ Within the pavilion there will be picnic tables that can be separated and

used as farmer’s market stands (Appendix M)

➢ The pavilion will be able to hold 14 different farmer’s market stalls.

➢ Each farmer’s market stand will consist of 3 benches, sufficient lighting,

and access to the storage room.

➢ These stands can be rented by farmers for a low price. Revenue will be

Commented [9]: Remove

Commented [10]: So which was selected?

Commented [11]: Natural or electrical?

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used for the maintenance of the park. Any additional revenue will be used

to improve the community garden.

➢ Attached to the south end, there will be a storage area and restrooms.

➢ There will be 2 water fountains on the exterior walls of the restrooms. One

adult height, and one child height.

(Figure 2- Design of pavilion)

❖ Portable farmer’s market stand.

➢ A cheaper alternative for the farmer’s than the pavilion.

➢ Each portable stand will be allocated a 4m by 4m area to be used.

➢ The park will have eighteen 1.83m tables that can be used for a stall (two

tables for 9 different potential stalls).

➢ Any additional material for the stand will be provided by the farmer’s.

❖ An adventure park

➢ Will primarily be made of recycled wood and tires.

➢ Will include slides, monkey bars, and swings.

➢ Figure Adventure Park shows a potential layout of the adventure park.

(Appendix N)

Commented [12]: So are both portable and pavilion style being used?

Commented [13]: farmers

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(Figure 3 - a potential design of the adventure playground)

❖ Park benches, outdoor picnic tables, and communal outdoor barbeques

(Appendix O).

Figure 5 gives an aerial view of the park.

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(Figure 4 - Layout of the park)

The design fulfills the function by gathering the community together to create both a

garden and murals. Working together and accomplishing a project as a community will

strengthen the network and help develop the community. The adventure park will attract

children, making the community hub more desirable to a larger variety of age groups.

The amphitheatre will allow the community to gather for events, creating a space for

members to interact over an common interest. The farmer’s market will not only allow

the community to display the fruit of their labour, but will also create a space for

community members to gather and mingle.

The table below demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of our design relative to

our objectives.

Advantages Disadvantages

Support a large variety of activities

-Has a lot of different activities that can both be done individually or can be organized with a group

Support a large capacity of users

-The farmer’s market and amphitheatre exceed the goal capacity.

Have year round usage -Can hold a winter crafts/Christmas fair

-No other facility can be used during the winter seasons

Be environmentally sustainable

-Uses minimal electricity and water. -Growth of plants helps air pollution.

Provide job opportunities -Provides very few job opportunities

Cost effective -Initial cost inexpensive relative to other designs due to less necessary construction

-Operating cost is minimal, and will most likely be covered from the small revenue generated from

Commented [14]: This has to be done periodically to maintain its benefit, otherwise, it's just part of the initial construction.

Commented [15]: What is the original "facility" that you are referencing?

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the park.

2.1 Regulations, Standards, and Intellectual Property This section lists regulations and standards that team must follow throughout the design.

Installation:

● Any authorized person must follow through Building Construction and Demolition Code

[28] to get a permit.

● Amphitheatre must comply with Ontario Building Code Staging Requirements [29].

● Outdoor amenities, outdoor support systems and pathways between should be designed

according to Toronto’s Accessibility Design Guidelines [30].

● Working conditions of labourers that will work on construction is protected by

Employment Standards Act [31] and Occupational Health and Safety Act [32].

● While selecting the equipment and equipment materials for the playground and also

while installing the playground, Public Playground Safety Handbook [34] should be taken

into account.

Operation:

● Services and facilities should comply with Toronto Municipal Codes Chapter 608, Parks

[35].

● Injuries might happen on playground, in case of that emergency actions should be taken

according to Emergency Management and Civil Protection Act [36].

● In case of fire or to avoid fire, actions should follow Fire Protection and Prevention Act

[37]

● To accommodate all people, design must see through Accessibility For Ontarians With

Disabilities Act [38].

● All water consumers in the City of Toronto must follow the Water and Sewage Services

and Utility Bill [39].

Maintenance:

● Safety inspections will be taken place as stated in the Ontario Fire Code [40].

● To avoid injuries that happens because of inadequate maintenance, Public Playground

Safety Handbook defines some set of standards for maintaining a playground [34].

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2.2 Testing The designs will be tested against our three most important objectives of supporting many

activities, having a large user capacity and having year round usage.

Objective Tests

Many activities ● Density Diversity [Appendix P]

○ The results will range between 0 and K, where K is the total number of activities in the entire area [41][42].

Large Capacity ● Capacity for

amphitheatre=(Seating Area)/

(0.247m2)

○ Successful if capacity is

enough for 50

people(Appendix D)

● Capacity of farmer’s market =

(area of farmer’s

market)/(20m2/stall)

○ Successful if capacity is

enough for 20

vendors(Appendix D)

● Capacity for the adventure park

=(1520m2 - (playground parts+safe

zone area))/(9.3 m2)

○ Successful if capacity is

enough for 36

people(Appendix D)

Year round usage ● Energy efficiency standards in

Ontario’s Building Code[43]

● Moisture test for durability of the

building material[44]

○ Determine the relationship

between weather and

moisture content of the

material with moisture test

○ Find the deterioration by

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using moisture content and

20 to 30 years of weather

record

■ Materials with

moisture content no

more than %4 [45]

are more durable

than others.

2.3. Market Issues

The design was not designed to generate revenue and thus market issues is not a main

concern. There will, however, be the following transactions within the park:

● Rental space for farmer’s market stands

● Selling of produce at the farmer’s market

Any revenue produced will be used towards park maintenance.

2.4. Implementation Requirements

Below is a table outlining necessary steps for the development of the park.

Component Materials required Installation/construction steps

Maintenance

Amphitheatre -Stones

-Gravel (for drainage areas) [46]

-Consult design with a construction company. -Obtain construction permit [47]. -Dig hole, and necessary drainage areas. -Lay stone

-Have it inspected.

-Using the pressure washer to clean the stone after the winter seasons.

pavilion -Wood

-Concrete

-Nails/screws/bolts

-Farmer’s Market tables/Picnic Benches. -Lighting

-Consult design with a construction company. -Obtain construction permit [47]. -Pour foundation

-Erect pavilion. -Instal lighting

-Have it inspected

-Have the community paint a mural.

-Necessary cleaning. -Fixing any electrical problems.

Commented [16]: Sources on installation of some of these features would be beneficial

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Community Garden

-Fertilized soil -Cedar (for storage shed) [48] -Gardening tools

-Consult with a landscape design company. -Test soil quality and set up required remediation. -Lay the fertilized soil -Consult agricultural engineer on best plants to the plant with regards to location and soil type. - Use small flags, threads and cedar boxes to divide the garden into equal-area squares

-Set the storage shed beside the garden

- Plant plants

-People who grow plants in the garden will be responsible for the health condition of their own plants. -Tools in storage shed will be checked bi-monthly by employees to see if they need to be repaired or replaced

Adventure Playground

-Recycled Wood

-Tires

-Plastic

-Metal

-Consult design with a playground construction company. A potential contractors who matched design preferences are: Bienenstock Natural Playgrounds [50]. -Obtain construction permit [47]. -Erect park. -Have it inspected.

-Inspection of playground every 14 days [49]

Restroom facilities

-Toilet stalls

-Urinals

-Sinks

-Soap dispensers

-Water fountains

-Water source

-Electricity

-Consult with a construction company. -Obtain construction permit [47]. -Erect building. -Install plumbing. -Install lighting

-Have it inspected.

-Daily cleaning [51] -Refilling of soap and toilet paper

Additional -Park benches

-Picnic tables

-Barbeques

-Purchase equipment -Install equipment

-Regular Cleaning of Barbeques

-Maintenance of

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-Flower garden

flower garden.

2.5 Life Cycle and Environmental Impact

The park will have some negative environmental impacts (NEIs) from construction to

maintenance and disposal of certain features. They are listed below with mitigation

methods.(Appendix Q)

Technology NEI Mitigation

Construction ❖ Production of emissions and dust, affecting air quality [52].

❖ Production of noise and vibrations that physically damage nearby buildings and sensitive processes[52].

❖ Pre-construction assessment to survey existing cracks and structural damage[35].

❖ Select less vibration intensive construction techniques, and shut them off when necessary [52].

Solar Panels ❖ Hazardous to dispose as they contain toxic material ➢ Silicon

tetrachloride[53] ➢ Cadmium [53] ➢ Indium [53]

❖ Disposal of solar panels to recycling companies [54].

Concrete (amphitheatre seats, pathways, and buildings)

❖ The production of portland cement [60], produces 1 ton of of CO2 emissions per ton [55].

❖ Use fly-ash which is more durable and resource efficient than portland cement [56].

Restrooms ❖ The average toilet flush for modern toilets requires 6.1L [57].

❖ Use foam flush toilets, which only use 0.18L [58].

❖ Use waterless urinals[59].

Paint for Mural ❖ Contains volatile organic compounds (VOC). VOC contribute to global warming,cause vegetation damage, and can cause

❖ Use water based paint [61].

Commented [17]: First time these are mentioned in the document, what are they for?

Commented [18]: Are any services actually available in Toronto or the GTA?

Commented [19]: How does this affect costs? Is it accounted for?

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irritation [61]. In addition, VOC react with sunlight and oxygen to form bad ozone.

Recycled Plastic

Benches

❖ Plastic is non-biodegradable.Plastic releases toxic fumes when burnt [62].

❖ Use recycled plastic benches.

2.6 Human Factors

The design will interact with humans in the following way:

Human Factor How it is addressed by proposed design

Physical 1. Design for safety a. Designed for the correct size

i. Adventure park will be sized for children 5-12 [63] b. Safety features

i. Rounded edges to prevent cuts on the playground

ii. Guard rails on all platforms that are higher than 0.762m above the ground [65]

2. Comfortable setting for users a. Temperature control

i. Shade provided by trees and pavilion ii. Cooled water fountains

b. Park benches will be provided to enable users to relax 3. Design for ability

a. Trolleys will be provided to help move tables b. Top row seating will be reserved for those that cannot

walk down stairs.

Psychological 1. Anxiety of stage performers a. Back stage will be painted with harmonising colors

[64] 2. Design for easy access to equipment/stalls

a. Simple layout of the storage space, with specific area for specific items

3. Feeling safe at night a. Provide lights at night along the path to create a safer

space.

Organizational 1. Users learning about events, programs, and activities a. The client will have to design a way to make the

Commented [20]: Any potential issues with operation of the barbeques?

Commented [21]: How does the community garden get organized?

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community aware of events. A possible design is a website.

2. Maintenance a. The client will have to hire and organize necessary

staff for the the maintenance of the park. Since it will be a public park, maintenance may be taken care of the by the government.

2.7 Social Impacts

The overarching social impact of this design is the creation of a larger and stronger

social network within the members of the community. The design will have the following

positive impacts:

❖ Increase community involvement with projects such as the community garden

and the mural.

❖ Allow the community to create an identity for themselves through projects such

as the community garden and the mural.

❖ The fire pit will provide for more community gathering.

❖ The amphitheatre will increase the appreciation of local talent.

❖ The farmers market will provide increase the interests in local produce.

❖ The adventure park will increase the social networking among children.

And the following negative impacts:

❖ Slowed pedestrian traffic (through park)

❖ Slowed vehicular traffic (on Eglinton Square - Appendix R)

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2.8 Economics

The following section outlines the cost of various parts of the design.

Constituent Cost

Concrete (Class HPC) $2,529.56/m3 [66]

Supply of Aggregate $0.0281/kg [66]

Topsoil and Subsoil placement

$6.91/m3 [66]

Site Clearing and Grubbing

$0.58/m2 [66]

Staff $11.0/hour [69]

Solar Panel $263.5/pallet [70]

Wood $0.90/m3 [68]

Pavement Messages-Pedestrian Crossing

$408/message [66]

Pavement Messages-STOP

$322/message [66]

Roadway Lines-Supplying paint and

painting

$797/km [66]

Asphalt Driveway $14.5/m2 [67]

Stone $56.7/m2 [71]

Recycled plastic benches $606.10/unit [72]

Gardening Tools Kit (Trimmer,Lawn

Mower,Leaf Blower, Chain Saw,Pruner,Shear,

Garden Rakes,Leaf Rakes,Shovel,gloves,and

Wheelbarrow)

1,734.9/kit [73]

Commented [22]: This is not a capital cost unless it's just for the construction.

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The following section profiles costs that are going to arise during the lifecycle of the

design.

Capital Costs Fixed Operating

Costs

Variable Operating

Costs

External Costs

Design and Implementation

Material:

❖ Cement ❖ Concrete ❖ Solar panels ❖ Wood ❖ Recycled plastic ❖ Plants ❖ pavilion tent ❖ Tables ❖ Park benches ❖ Picnic Tables

Contracts:

❖ Construction companies

Contracts:

❖ Maintenance companies

Pollution:

❖ Noise ❖ Dust ❖ Carbon

emissions

Use Utilities:

❖ Water bills ❖ Electricity

bills

Labour:

❖ Staff wages ➢ Janitors ➢ Gardeners

Maintenance:

● Garden ● Washrooms

Maintenance:

❖ Pathways ❖ Theatre ❖ Playground

Delay:

❖ Pedestrian ❖ Vehicular

speeds

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Disposal Material:

● Recycling wood ● Recycling

plastic ● Disposal of

solar panels

3.0 Updated Project Management Plan

The client will be invited to sit in on the final presentation at 10:15 am, April 22nd in BA

1210 at the University of Toronto.

4.0 Conclusion/Recommendation

Regenesis would like to create capacity by providing infrastructure on an unused piece

of land to promote the development of the surrounding community. This design should

support a wide range of activities, have a large user capacity, and be useable year

round.

The design chosen incorporates an outdoor amphitheatre with a fire pit, an adventure

playground, a pavilion that can be used for farmer’s market stalls, and a community

garden. The design plans on attracting community members together to increase the

social network among them.

The next step is to complete all necessary visuals for the final presentation.

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Reference List

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Engineering Strategies and Practice

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Engineering Strategies and Practice

30

Appendices

Appendix A: Maps

From the aerial photographs below, it is clear to see that the land Eglinton parkette lies

on was defined in the 1950’s, and has never had a permanent use since.

Map from 1947 (the top street is Eglinton Ave., the far left street is Victoria Park Ave.

O’Connor Dr. has yet to be built to form the triangle.) [74]

Map from 1957 (the triangle formed by the 3 streets is Eglinton Parkette) [74]

Map from 1962 [74]

Engineering Strategies and Practice

31

Map from 1983 [74]

Map from 1992 [74]

Engineering Strategies and Practice

32

Map from 2014 [75]

Engineering Strategies and Practice

33

Appendix B: Pairwise Comparison for Objectives

Pairwise Comparison Table:

A pairwise comparison table is used to prioritize a list of objectives. Each pair was voted

on by the group to decide which was more important.

Objective 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Score

1 Environmental --- 0 0 0 1 0 1 3

2 Should have as large a capacity as possible

1 --- 1 1 1 0 1 6

3 Year round usage 1 0 --- 1 1 0 1 4

4 Provide Job Opportunities 1 0 0 --- 1 0 1 3

5 Inexpensive 0 0 0 0 --- 0 1 1

6 Should be able to hold as many different events/activities/programs as possible

1 1 1 1 1 --- 1 7

7 Few delays to local traffic 0 0 0 0 0 0 --- 0

Appendix C: Community Centers

There are two community centres that are within walking distance, 100m and 600m

away [76][77], as well as a public library, 230m away [78], that can reasonably use the

park for programs, activities, and events. The O’Connor community center has 7

programs that could be held outside in nice weather. These include : Hip hop, line

dancing, music, fitness/cardio, yoga, soccer, and basketball [79]. The Working Women’s

Community Centre or HUB, has 4 programs that could be held outside in nice weather.

These include Youth Engagement Club, Conversation Club, Thursday Fun Club, and

yoga [80]. The library only has 1 program that can be held outside, which is their

Reading and Storytime program [81]. This is total of 11 different activities (yoga is

repeated in both community centres) that could be held in the outdoor facilities of

design.

Engineering Strategies and Practice

34

Appendix D: Capacity

The figure above shows the entire area that is available for a for a farmers market, an

amphitheatre, and an adventure park. After factoring out the area that is occupied by

trees, there is 96000-10000=86000 ft2 of usable space (Appendix I). The client stated

that there should be a relatively equal importance on all three aspects. It can then be

assumed that the space should be equally divided. 86000/3≅29000 ft2. for each aspect

of the park.

Amphitheatre:

The client has asked for a small outdoor amphitheatre for summer concerts, outdoor

classes, outdoor storytelling (from the local Toronto Public Library) and for other

activities. One similar small outdoor amphitheatre is the Toronto Music Garden. The

client would like the amphitheatre to hold at least 50 people [17].

To determine the capacity of an amphitheatre design, the area of the seating area will

be divided by the area for 1 seat. According to research done by John J. Fruin, crowds

reach critical densities at one person per 5.38 ft2 [83]. To give a little extra space per

person, the capacity of the amphitheatre will be determined by number of people =

(seating area)/6 ft2 = (seating area)/0.56 m2.

Engineering Strategies and Practice

35

Farmer’s Market:

The client has asked for a farmer’s market with a capacity of at least 20 stalls and a

storage area of 600 ft2 [17].

For a farmer’s market to be effective, it is necessary to be able to walk easily from stall

to stall. Accounting for the storage space, that half the space for the farmer’s market is

taken by pedestrian walkways, and that the average space for a farmer’s market stall is

roughly 200 ft2 [84], the capacity of the farmer’s market will be: number of stalls =

(farmer’s market area - 600ft2)/(2*200 ft2/stall) = (farmer’s market area - 56m2)/(2*18

m2/stall).

Adventure Park:

It was found that children were more active in playground where they had more than

770 ft2 per child [85]. The adventure park should hold this standard, and so should have

a capacity of 29000/770 = 38 children.

The capacity of the adventure park will be: number of children = (adventure park

area)/(770 ft2/child) = (adventure park area)/(65 m2/child)

Appendix E: LEED

A LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certificate is given to

building design and construction, interior design and construction, building operations

and maintenance, home design, and neighborhood development. For a neighborhood

development, and LEED looks at 5 different aspects of the design: smart location and

linkage, neighborhood pattern and design, green infrastructure and buildings,

innovation, and regional priority. A design receives a number of points in each category.

The points are then tallied to get a score [86]. The categories, which are a function of

the score, are as follows :

40-49 points: Certified

50-59 points: Silver

60-79 points: Gold

80+ points: Platinum [87].

The design will be tested using the LEED v4 for Neighborhood Development document,

which outlines how points are awarded in each aspect. The document can be found

here :

http://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-v4-neighborhood-development-ballot-version.

Engineering Strategies and Practice

36

Appendix F: Winter Season

Due to the cold and the snow, outdoor spaces are significantly less used in the winter

months compared to the summer months. However, Central Park in New York is still

able to attract a third of its summer users [88]. The design should try and match this

statistic. During the winter, the amphitheatre and the adventure are not useable, so the

only space that is useable is the farmer’s market area. At an average farmer’s market,

there will be 1055 customers [89]. Since during the summer, the farmer’s market will be

run at most once a week, during the winter, the farmer’s market area should attract 352

people in a week.

Appendix G: Information Gathering

The team is currently in communications with the Parks, Forestry, and Recreation

department of city of Toronto, but have yet to receive enough data to estimate a budget.

Appendix H: Traffic Stream

Road capacity usually refers to maximum hourly rate which vehicles can transverse a

point or uniform part of a road. Traffic streams said to have three main characteristics :

intensity, density and mean speed [91].

Density is the number of vehicle present on that length of road.

Intensity or capacity is defined as number of vehicles passing a point or uniform part of

a road in a unit of time and is the product of mean speed and density on a stationary

and homogeneous traffic flow [91].

Travel time at full capacity = 1 / mean speed. To stay consistent, it will be defined in

terms of seconds per km (s/km).

An average car is 4 meter in length [92]. Including a 1 m space in front and behind the

car, there is a car every 6 meter. In a road with a 50 km per hour speed limit, there can

be maximum 83300 cars passing a point in our road. When the speed limit is reduced to

30 km per hour, for example near a playground [93], there can only be 5000 cars per

hour passing a point in our road. So our capacity is 83300 cars per hour.

With a length of road 72 meters long, there can only be 12 cars lined up, meaning there

is 167 cars per km.

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As mentioned above, the product of mean speed and density gives us the capacity. The

mean speed is equal to the speed limit or to 50 km per hour, meaning that without any

unforeseen delays our travel time at full capacity is 72 s/km.

Appendix I: Air Quality Index(AQI)

Air Quality Index (AQI) is a measurement used to determine the air quality of a certain

place at a certain time. It is a function of ozone, fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide,

carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and total reduced sulphur compounds in the air.

The following are the different categories for AQI and their meanings:

0-15: Very good air quality

16-31: Good air quality

32-49: Moderate air quality. May have adverse effect on very sensitive people

50-99: Poor air quality. May have adverse effect on sensitive people and animals. May

cause significant damage to vegetation and properties.

99+: Very poor air quality. May have adverse effects on those exposed.

[90]

Appendix J: Area Occupied by Trees

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The figure above shows the area that is occupied by trees, which is 10000 sq feet.[94]

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Appendix K: Parks Near to the Triangle

The figures below shows the five parks that are near to the triangle.

[22]

Appendix L: Seating Area

The amphitheatre will be a semi-circle with an area of 800m2. Thus its radius will be

√(2 ∗ 800/𝜋) ≃ 16𝑚. The largest activities, such as a dancing studio or a full broadway

performance musical require a stage of about 2000 ft2 or 185 m2 [95][96]. Thus the

radius of the stage will be √(185/𝜋) ≃ 7.7𝑚. Rounding up to the nearest meter, the

stage will have radius of 8m, creating an actual area of 200m2. Seats should be at least

18 in or 0.4572m deep [nyc], however a full meter will be given to each row to provide

necessary space for feet. (16𝑚 − 8𝑚)/(1𝑚) ≃ 8 different seating levels. Finding the

sum of the circumferences of these 8 seating levels =∑7𝑛=0 𝜋(8 + 1𝑛) ≃290m in total

circumference. The average chair for an adult is 20 in. or 0.51m wide [97]. To provide

comfort an additional quarter metre is added on each side of a person. The density of

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seats is therefore 1 person/m. The maximum capacity of the amphitheatre is therefore

(290m)/(1m/person) = 290 people.

Each seat should be at about 20 in or 0.51 m tall [94]. With the 8 rows, the amphitheatre

seating will descend about 4 m down.

Appendix M

The farmer’s market stands in the pavilion will use the following tables:

[104]

Produce will be placed both on both levels as the farmer desires. When not needed for

the farmer’s market, two of these tables can be put together to become a picnic table as

shown below:

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[104]

These picnic tables will be used by park users to eat and relax.

Appendix N: Adventure Park

[98]

(A current “junkyard” playground)

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The adventure park will be modelled after a junkyard playground. It focuses on reusing

otherwise disposed of material that is safe to play with or can be modified so. This

design serves two purposes; it demonstrates the value of recycling to the children, and

it is environmentally sustainable stemming from its reuse of material.

The design will primarily made of recycled wood and tires. All load bearing pieces will

be new or rigorously tested for safety reasons.

The adventure park will have an area of 1520m2, and will be in a circular shape.

Appendix O: Park benches and picnic tables

The park will contain park benches and picnic tables to allow users to sit down and eat.

The park benches will have dimensions of 1.83m by 0.4572m [99], and take up an area

of 1.83m*0.632m = 1.16m2. The picnic table will have diameter of 1.37m, and including

the benches for the table, the set up will take up an area of 2.26m * 2.26m = 5.11m2

[100].

Appendix P: Activity density

One of the equations to measure the diversity of the activities was derived in a study by

M.Batty, E. Besussi, K. Matt, J. J. Haarts . The equation express the amount of activity

as a proportion of its maximum, and applying it for all the activities in the design.

Where d(t) is the diversity density, k is the number of activities in the community hub,

and a(i,k) is the number of activities a specific point i. The results will range between 0

and K, where K is the total number of activities in the entire area [102][103].

Appendix Q: Life Cycle Diagram

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Appendix R: Roadway

Roadways are discouraged to be made playground zones if it is an arterial road, a

freeway, or an expressway [101]. Since both Eglinton Ave and Victoria Park Ave are

arterial roadways, the only playground zone would be Eglinton Square. Signs would be

put up to decrease the speed for that small segment of road to 30km/h. This will be

implemented for all the alternative designs, which makes the objective of having few

delays useless to choose our proposed design.

Appendix S: Gantt Chart

Below is a Gantt chart starting February 6th and ending with the Final Presentation

Commented [23]: Where are there locker rooms? What would they be used for (there are no sports facilities)?

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