eight hour pre-assignment training course for security

Unit Three

Legal Powers and Limitations

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards

NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)

3.1

Lesson Title: Section: Legal Powers and Limitations Unit 3 Prepared by:

NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program Approved by:

NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program Instructor: Method of Presentation: Date: Duration: Lecture 06/2009 2 Hours Instructional Objectives: Upon completion of this section, the student will be able to:

1. Describe the origin of a security guard's arrest authority and the liability for their action.

2. Describe the factors supporting an arrest.

3. Describe a felony and a misdemeanor.

4. Describe circumstances when arrest without a warrant is authorized by a security guard.

5. Describe proper procedures for taking persons into custody who

have been detained by security guards.

6. List the circumstances when a security guard is authorized to use physical force.

7. List the circumstances when a security guard is authorized to use

deadly physical force. 8. List procedures to follow upon arrest of a suspect.



3.2

Instructor References Instructor Manual Training Aids/Supplies/Equipment: Computer Slide Presentation



3.3

Curriculum Outline

I. Introduction

A. Self.

B. Experience.

C. Lesson objectives.

II. Overview

A. One of the main functions of a security guard is to

provide a safe and secure environment for

employees, visitors and residents in the area. In

the course of performing that function, legal action

may have to be taken against persons who

commit a crime or an offense. It is therefore

imperative that the security guard be thoroughly

familiar with their legal authority as well as their

limitations.

1. The legal authority of security guards is a

gray area which, troubles security



3.4

management and security guards alike. It is

also an area that can place the security guard

in the center of a legal storm. He or she, and

in some cases, the employers may be liable

for any action or lack of action taken when

the security guard is involved in an incident

that may necessitate arrest, detention, or the

use of force. The liability may include

criminal proceedings as well as civil litigation.

2. The problem is complicated by the nature of

the security assignment and the public's

perception of the security guard's role. A

security guard assigned to street patrol may

be mistakenly viewed as a police officer and

be expected to take police action regarding

crimes, such as robberies and crimes of

violence, and to arrest the perpetrators.



3.5

Additionally, the security guard, who may not

be a peace officer, may be expected to

exercise powers that only the latter

possesses. The peace officer has essentially

the same powers as police officers in making

an arrest without a warrant except that these

powers can only be exercised within the

geographical area of employment.

3. A security guard assigned to a building is

generally operating on private property,

where the owners have established rules and

regulations for conduct within the building.

Company policy should be clearly defined in

the area of arrest and detention and should

conform to the laws relating to arrest,

detention, or use of force. The purpose of

the lesson is to inform security guards of their



3.6

legal authority. This is important because of

the many limitations imposed on them by the

law. They are not police officers, nor has the

security guard generally attained the status of

peace officer. The Security Guard has only

the same legal rights as a civilian, no more,

no less.

III. The Origin of Security Guards' Arrest Authority and the

Liability for Their Action or Lack Thereof

A. U.S. Federal, state and local laws are all based on

English Common Law, a traditional body of

unwritten legal precedents created throughout the

centuries by daily practice or customary usage.

1. In the 11th century, an English King declared

common law to be the law of the land.

2. In 1613, Sir Edward Coke, Chief Justice of

England, determined that any acts of



3.7

Parliament which contradicted Common Law

were illegal.

3. In America, at the Constitutional Convention

of 1787, the vast majority of delegates

decided that English Common Law was a

solid foundation on which to base the new

constitution, particularly in the areas of civil

and human rights laws.

a. These rights included protection from

unlawful searches and seizures and self

incrimination.

b. These rights are the first ten

amendments to the U.S. Constitution

and are referred to as the Bill of Rights.

B. Security guards are given their authority by New

York State law as well as by Common Law.



3.8

1. A police officer, subject to certain limitations

as to location, may arrest a person without a

warrant for:

a. Any offense when he has reasonable

cause to believe that such person has

committed such offense in their

presence; and

b. A crime when he has reasonable cause

to believe that such person has

committed such crime, whether in his

presence or otherwise.

2. A security guard, like any other citizen, may

arrest another person, subject to certain

limitations, without a warrant (PL 143.30):

a. for a felony when the latter has in fact

committed such felony and



3.9

b. For any offense when the latter has in

fact committed such offense in his

presence.

c. Later in the course we will discuss the

meaning and implications of the use of

“reasonable cause" by a police officer

and the need for a security guard to be

right, and not rely only on reasonable

cause.

d. We will also discuss the implications of

the phrase "in fact committed" when it

applies to a felony or to an offense

committed in a security guard's

presence.

3. The security guard will have to act within the

guidelines imposed by their employer.

Company rules and regulations may outline



3.10

procedures to be followed by the security

guard relating to arrests, detention or the use

of force.

4. Security guards should seek direction from

their supervisors when determining the

classification of a crime or offense, the

degree of force necessary to intervene or

stop the crime, and the availability of

complainants and/or witnesses.

a. Many examples exist when security

guards encounter situations in which

proving that a crime took place is

extremely difficult, e.g., in a street theft

when a complainant is no longer

available to verify the fact that a crime

was actually committed.



3.11

b. The importance of the foregoing is

demonstrated by the liabilities that may

be imposed on the security guard for

improper conduct.

c. A security guard who exceeds their

authority could be subject to a civil

lawsuit and criminal prosecution.

(1) Civil lawsuits may seek money

damages from both the company

and the security guard. Violations

can also include criminal penalties.

(a) Under the theory of

"respondeat superior," an

employer may be responsible

for the acts of an employee,

when the employee is acting



3.12

within the legitimate scope of

their authority.

d. A security guard who does not act

properly could be subject to reprimand

and/or loss of employment.

(1) A security guard may be accused

of negligence by both the company

and the person suing the security

guard and the company.

e. Compensatory damages, which can be

assigned, involve payment to a person

for injuries sustained because the

security guard acted or failed to act.

f. Punitive damages are awarded for

several reasons, including fraud,

oppression, malice, or wanton conduct.



3.13

Punitive damages are damages having

the character of punishment or penalty.

C. Possession and use of firearms or other weapons:

1. Security guards may carry a firearm and/or

other weapon only with the clear and direct

permission of their employer.

2. Security guards that carry a firearm must

possess a valid:

a. NYS Pistol License and a

b. NYS Armed Security Guard Registration

Card and

c. Must have successfully completed a 47

Hour Firearms Training Course for

Armed Security Guards and must

complete, every twelve months

thereafter, an 8 Hour Annual Firearms



3.14

Training Course for Armed Security

Guards.

3. Oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray) may be

possessed by a civilian and may only be

used for defensive purposes. (See Section

265.20 NYS Penal Law).

4. Impact weapons (batons, night sticks, asp,

etc.) - Security guards are NOT permitted to

possess or use impact weapons.

IV. Factors Supporting an Arrest

A. Physical evidence.

1. Chain of evidence.

a. All property seized from an arrestee

must be properly documented and

accounted for until it is turned over to a

law enforcement officer. It is important

that a chain of custody be established



3.15

immediately upon seizure of the

evidence.

B. Confessions.

1. Written, signed and witnessed.

C. Fingerprints and photographs.

1. Must be readily discernable.

D. Identification of the defendant.

1. Keep person making identification at the site.

E. Personal observations by the security guard.

F. Information from police sources.

G. Information received from other than police.

1. Be very careful.

2. Security guard must show:

a. Reliability of person making

identification.

b. Person's basis for knowledge.



3.20

by the requirement that they merely acted on

"reasonable cause to believe."

VII. Procedure for Taking Persons into Custody

A. Arrest without a warrant; by a person acting other

than as a police officer or a peace officer; when

and how made. (NYS Criminal Procedure Law

§140.35).

1. A person may arrest another person for an

offense pursuant to section 140.30 at any

hour of any day or night.

2. Such person must inform the person whom

he is arresting of the reason for such arrest

unless he encounters physical resistance,

flight or other factors rendering such

procedure impractical.

3. In order to affect such an arrest, such person

may use such physical force as is justifiable



3.21

pursuant to subdivision four of section 35.30

of the penal law.

a. NYS Penal Law §35.30(4) provides as

follows:

(1) A private person acting on his own

account may use physical force,

other than deadly physical force,

upon another person when and to

the extent that he reasonably

believes such to be necessary to

effect an arrest or to prevent the

escape from custody of a person

whom he reasonably believes to

have committed an offense and

who, in fact, has committed such

offense; and he may use deadly

physical force for such purpose



3.22

when he reasonably believes such

to be necessary to:

(i) Defend himself or a third

party from what he

reasonably believes to

be the use or imminent

use of deadly physical

force; or

4. Effect the arrest of a person who has

committed murder, manslaughter in the first

degree, robbery, forcible rape or forcible

sodomy and who is in immediate flight there-

from.

B. Security guards possess none of the authority

designated to police and peace officers by law and

are not duty bound to act as law enforcement

officers. They should try to avoid the use of force



3.23

as much as possible, getting the description of the

perpetrator(s) and calling the police for assistance.

They should follow company policy as it applies to

the use of force. An employer may expect the

security guard to deter crime by their presence

alone and to avoid any physical confrontations.

VIII. Procedure to Follow upon Arrest of a Suspect

A. Arrest without a warrant; by person acting other

than as a police officer or a peace officer;

procedure after arrest. (NYS Criminal Procedure

Law §140.40).

1. A person making an arrest pursuant to

section 140.30 must without unnecessary

delay deliver or attempt to deliver the person

arrested to the custody of an appropriate

police officer. For such purpose, he may

solicit the aid of any police officer and the



3.24

latter, if he is not himself an appropriate

police officer, must assist in delivering the

arrested person to an appropriate officer.

B. Applicability of Miranda warning.

1. In 1966, the Supreme Court of the United

States decided that the Miranda warning,

which is designed to protect citizens from

making statements that will incriminate

themselves, applied to “police custodial

interrogation.” This makes it clear that the

Miranda decision is directed at law

enforcement officers and does not apply to

private citizens. Many court decisions

document the fact that private citizens are not

responsible for giving the arrested or

detained person the warning. For example, a

store security guard need not give the



3.25

Miranda warning to a person arrested for

shoplifting.

C. Security guards must make all of the required

court appearances connected with the case.

IX. Summary

A. Review objectives.

References

Black, Henry C. Black's Law Dictionary. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company, 1957. Looseleaf Law Publications, New York State Criminal Procedure Law. Flushing, NY:2005. Looseleaf Law Publications, New York State Penal Law. Flushing, NY:2005. Bilek, A.J. and Klotter, J.C. Legal Aspects of Private Security. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing Company, 1981.

Unit Four

Emergency Situations

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course For Security Guards


4.1

Lesson Title: Section Emergency Situations Unit 4 Prepared by:

NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program

Approved by:


Instructor: Method of Presentation: Date Prepared: Duration: Lecture 06/2009 1 Hour Instructional Objectives: Upon completion of this section, the student will be able to:

1. List four general types of emergency situations that a security guard may encounter.

2. List the factors that govern the security officer’s response when

alerted to a specific emergency situation. Instructor References Instructor Manual Training Aids/Supplies/Equipment: Computer Slide Presentation



4.2

Curriculum Outline

I. Introduction

A. Self. B. Experience.


II. Overview

A. A security guard's primary function is to protect life

and property. The security guard may often be the

first person to arrive at or discover an emergency

situation. Therefore, it is imperative that he/she be

able to:

B. Recognize the many types of situations that may

be encountered and:

C. Assess the threat potential to life and property.

The type of environment the security guard is

working in and the amount of public contact they



4.3

have will determine the odds of the guard

encountering an emergency situation.

III. Potential Emergency Situations

There are a number of situations which, due to a

combination of social, political and personal interests,

as well as resulting from accidents, are commonly

faced by security guards in the performance of their

duties. This module is intended to introduce the guard

to those which are more likely to be encountered and

the role the security guard plays in responding to

emergencies.

A. Fires. The key to protecting the client/employer

from loss due to fire is to aggressively act to

prevent their start. Remember, it is easier and

less dangerous to prevent a fire than to fight one.

To be effective in the effort to fight a fire, the

security guard must know how to classify the four



4.4

classes of fire and to recognize potential fire

hazards. Four classes of fire are:

1. Class A - ordinary combustibles such as

wood, paper, cloth, etc.

2. Class B - flammable or combustible liquids,

gases, grease, etc.

3. Class C - energized electrical equipment,

automotive, etc.

4. Class D - combustible metals such as

magnesium and titanium.

In most workplaces, fire extinguishers are

posted for ready access by security guards

and employees/residents. The majority of

extinguishers in use today are ABC, multi-

purpose - that is, usable on all classes of fire

except "D". Fire extinguishers are marked on

the side with the letter(s) pertaining to the



4.5

class of fire applicable. Some can only be

used on a single class of fire while others can

be used on multiple classes. It is imperative

that the guard be familiar with the

extinguishers available in the event of a fire.

Be sure to check the class of extinguisher

before using it.

While on patrol, the guard should be attentive

to factors which could contribute to the

outbreak of fire. Following is a list of some

areas to be watchful of while performing the

patrol function:

a. Dirt/rubbish build up, improperly stored

rags - especially greasy rags.

b. Smoking in unauthorized areas. Open

flame heating devices.

c. Improperly stored hazardous materials.



4.6

d. Unmarked/unlit emergency exits.

e. Defective electrical equipment.

f. Unattended space heaters.

g. Unattended coffee makers or other

appliance left "on".

h. Combustibles stored near heaters.

If any potential hazard is noted while on

patrol, it should be reported immediately

and rectified if possible. The situation

should not be left if it is felt that a fire

could result.

In addition to being alert to potential

hazards while on patrol, the security

guard should also be attentive to:

a. Locations of fire extinguishers.

b. Status of extinguishers (full, charged,

need service, etc.).



4.7

c. Locations of alarm pull stations.

If, while on patrol, you discover a fire

situation, there are a number of actions

you must take. Above all else, the

safety of the security guard is primary.

If you are endangered, you are of no

help to others.

Once your safety is assured, your next

step is to pull the alarm or in some way

alert others to the situation. If you make

the decision to attempt to extinguish the

fire, your next step is to employ the fire

extinguisher. Be sure to use it properly

so as to be effective. Remember that

your safety and the safety of others

should be your prime concern. Also

remember that you are not a



4.8

professional firefighter and should not

act as one. If you feel the fire is too

involved or difficult to extinguish, clear

the area and await the fire department.

You are expected to assist them in

whatever way they deem necessary.

2. Explosions. The threat and risk of explosions

in the workplace poses a concern to the

security guard through a number of means.

The source of an explosion can vary and

each carries its own risk factors and

characteristics. Explosions can be the result

of:

a. Accidents. Transformer, gas lines,

chemical spill/mix, etc.

b. Intentional.



4.9

c. Terrorism. Social, political, domestic,

foreign, personal, etc.

d. Sabotage. Employee, former employee,

vandals, etc.

e. Bombs. Random, planned, protest, etc.

In an explosion situation, there are a

number of responsibilities the security

guard must undertake. Of utmost

importance is the safety and security of

the guard. Secondly, the security guard

should attend to the following:

3. Injured parties. Including visitors, other

employees, the public, etc.

4. Panic. The security guard must be a calming

force. Try to maintain order and minimize the

confusion.



4.10

5. Safety. Be sure the people impacted are

safely clear of the danger and there is no

threat of additional explosions.

6. Security. As the threat subsides and the

safety of others is maintained, the security

guard must be aware of the vulnerability of

the area in terms of access control and

security. The affected area should be

isolated and secured as much as possible to

prevent loss and additional injury.

B. Bomb threats. At some point, nearly all business

will receive a bomb threat of some kind. The

motivations behind issuing a bomb threat vary and

the nature of the business often dictates the

vulnerability to such a threat

Most threat situations prove to be "unfounded."

Their intent is to create a disruption to a workplace



4.11

and to bring attention to a particular cause or point

of view. In some cases, a bomber will make a

series of false calls in order to catch the intended

victim off security guard when a real device is

detonated.

In the event you receive a bomb threat while on

duty, there are a number of precautions you

should take as well as procedures to follow in

order to insure the safety and security of yourself,

others, and the assets of the employer. It is vitally

important to have a complete understanding of the

employer and the employer’s policies and

procedures regarding bombs and bomb threats.

Generally speaking, there are steps which should

be taken to improve the chances of locating a

device if it is a factual threat as well as to identify



4.12

the caller and assist in the investigation. These

steps include:

1. Listen to what the caller says.

2. Try to keep the caller on the phone.

3. Listen for background noises.

4. Try to ascertain the type of bomb.

5. Try to ascertain the location of the bomb.

6. Try to ascertain the detonation time.

7. Try to find out why it was placed.

8. Remain calm! Write down all information -

preferably on a standard form.

9. Notify management and follow the established

plan.

At any post, the security guard should be

alert to the many ways a bomb can enter a

building. The following is only a brief list:

a. Mail, courier, parcel post.



4.13

b. Messenger.

c. Disgruntled employee.

d. Former employee.

e. Emotionally disturbed person.

f. Protest group(s).

g. Car/truck.

Remember, a bomb doesn't necessarily

have to be placed within a building.

They can also be placed outside the

facility - in trash cans, dumpsters,

mailboxes, vehicles, etc. Security

guards need to be attuned to their

surroundings and have the ability to

recognize when something appears out

of place or out of the ordinary.

Some organizations involve their

security officers in bomb searches. All



4.14

security guards should be aware of their

role in the event of a bomb search and,

at minimum, assist authorities whenever

possible.

C. Hazardous materials incidents. If your workplace

stores or uses materials which are classified as

"hazardous,” security guards should be familiar

with those materials, their properties and the

dangers posed should they be involved in an

incident. Most employers are involved in

hazardous materials awareness training

(HazCom) which details the dangers presented by

the materials. A hazardous Materials Accident

(HAZMAT) creates serious and, at times, life

threatening concerns for the people involved. In

cases where your employer/client is not involved

in handling hazardous materials, there is a chance



4.15

you could be involved in an incident either

because of being in close proximity to your facility,

a transformer explosion, production equipment

problems, etc. Security guards need to be aware

of potential dangers and their expected response.

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

has developed a placard system designed to alert

people to the potential dangers of certain

materials. While on patrol of your facility, security

guards should be aware of the location of these

placards and the hazards associated with them.

Some general rules when dealing with a possible

HAZMAT incident include:

1. Do not touch or smell the material.

2. If a liquid, do not try to mop it up.

3. Make notifications by phone. Radio

transmissions could trigger an explosion.



4.16

4. Secure and isolate the area for the safety of

all.

5. Only properly trained/equipped personnel

should attempt clean up.

Security guards should, at minimum, assist

authorities in their clean up process and make all

appropriate notifications as instructed by the

authorities.

D. Natural disasters. Generally understood to be such

things as hurricanes, floods, tornados, blizzards,

etc., there are lesser incidents classified under this

category. The major snowstorm; the heavy rain;

the occasional high winds, all create the potential

devastation similar to that which would be created

by the "conventional" natural disaster. There

could be a disruption to the "normal" activity

caused by such things as power/utility interruption,



4.17

water leaks, window damage, falling ice, icy

sidewalks, etc. All pose a challenge to the

security guard's ability to effectively perform their

duties. The security guard should be aware of the

employer/client policies and expectations

governing the response.

During severe weather, security guards should be

prepared to assist in evacuations if necessary,

assist in emergency relocations, and detour

people around any affected area if necessary.

Security guards must become familiar with the

emergency plan in effect at the work site. They

play a key role in ensuring a smooth

implementation of the plan and assuring the safety

of others and the security of the facility in the

event of a natural disaster.



4.18

E. Crimes in progress. At any time, a security guard

may come upon a crime occurring at their work

site. There are certain steps the security guard

should take to help minimize the impact of a crime.

In taking steps aimed at minimizing the impact, the

security guard will also assist the authorities in

their investigation, possibly reduce the effects on

the employer and could help lower the risk to

potential victims. These include:

F. Contact 911.

1. Respond with more than one security guard if

possible.

2. Listen to your dispatcher for updated

information which could be helpful.

3. Call for additional resources if necessary

(police, fire, medical).



4.19

4. Relay information to other responding

personnel.

5. Remember laws relating to legal powers (use

of force; detaining suspects; etc.).

6. Identify and segregate potential witnesses.

7. Establish and secure the crime scene.

8. Maintain control of scene until authorities

arrive.

If you are the guard receiving a call for a

possible crime in progress, there are steps

you too can take in assisting the responding

security guards. It is vitally important to get

as much information from the caller as

possible. Any information you could relay to

the responding parties could reduce the risk

they face responding to an "unknown."



4.20

IV. Security Response to Emergencies

A security guard's response to emergency situations is

key to ensuring a smooth implementation and execution

of the employer/client emergency preparedness plan.

In most organizations, a formal (or sometimes informal)

plan is in place to address emergency situations which

may arise at any given time. This plan includes such

areas as notification lists, proper authorities to contact,

evacuation routes, loss control procedures, and

individual roles in executing the plan.

The National Incident Management System (NIMS),

which includes the Incident Command System (ICS), is

both the Federal and State of New York standard for

incident response management.

The role of a security guard in an emergency situation

varies, depending on the situation. There are, however,



4.21

a number of actions to take which are consistent,

regardless of the type of emergency.

Of primary concern in an emergency is the safety of the

security officer. If the security guards are not safe, then

they are unable to render aid and perform the duties

required to minimize the injury and loss resulting from

the situation.

As detailed in the previous section, there are a number

of emergency situations which could be faced by a

security guard at the workplace which have their own

specific duty requirements. In any situation, the

security Guard should follow a basic set of actions

geared toward reducing, containing and controlling the

situation:

A. Know the employer/client emergency plan and

their expectations of you.

B. Know your specific role in an emergency.



4.22

C. Keep the list of emergency contact numbers

readily available. Be sure it is up-to-date.

D. Do not hesitate to request assistance from other

agencies or individuals as needed. Do not try to

be a hero.

E. Make every effort to secure and isolate the

affected area.

F. Ensure your own safety and then that of other

employees, visitors and the neighboring public.

G. Evacuate and assist as necessary. Be sure to

keep a safe perimeter around the affected area.

H. Always remain calm and reassuring. However,

remember that you are the "authority figure".

Keep control of yourself as well as the scene.

I. Take mental and field notes as the situation

evolves. Documentation of the events is crucial.



4.23

J. Know your limitations - legal, physical, policy, etc.

Work within them.

K. Have a thorough knowledge of the facility

including emergency exits, first aid stations,

extinguisher locations, alarm pull stations, etc.

As a final duty, after the emergency has subsided,

ask your management to critique your actions

during the situation. Learn from the experience

and find ways to improve your response.

Always remember that, during a crisis, many

people look to the security guard for guidance. To

the public, you have the answers, you know the

proper procedures, and you will ensure their

safety. Your knowledge and confidence in the

facility emergency plan will ensure a safe

execution of policies and procedures. Contingency

planning will minimize the loss resulting from the



4.24

situation. If you have any questions regarding the

employer’s/client's expectations of you in an

emergency or your specific role, DO NOT hesitate

to ask. If an emergency arises, there may not be

time to clarify it.

V. Student Activity

“The Next Two Exercises" are activities designed to

test the students' understanding of their role in an

emergency. It should be reiterated that responsibilities

and expectations vary from site to site and employer to

employer. This exercise is designed to emphasize with

the security guard, the importance of knowing what role

they play in an emergency situation. It is recommended

that students be allowed to complete the exercise and

then have a discussion regarding their answers and any

clarifications they may require.



4.25

VI. Summary

A. Review objectives

References

Department of the Treasury, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. Bomb and Physical Security Planning. ATF, 1987. Federal Bureau of Investigations. Bombs and Bomb Threats Course. Fire Safety Director's Course. (John Jay College). New York, NY. New York State Office of Public Security. Homeland Security Strategy. 2004. United States Department of Justice. Emergency Response to Terrorism Job Aid (2000) United States Department of Justice. Emergency Response to Terrorism (2002)

Unit Five

Communications and Public Relations



5.1

Lesson Title: Section: Communications and Public Relations Unit 5 Prepared by:


Approved by: NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety Security Guard Program

Instructor: Method of Presentation: Date: Duration: Lecture 06/2009 1 Hour Instructional Objectives: Upon completion of this section, the student will be able to:

1. List the three components of the communication process.

2. List three methods of communication.

3. List three obstacles to good communications.

4. Describe the components necessary to be an effective communicator.




5.2

Curriculum Outline

I. Introduction

A. Self.

B. Experience.


II. Overview

A. The importance of communication in any industry

cannot be overstated, particularly when the

communication is with the public.

B. The ability of the security guard to communicate

will color the perception of the public, affecting

both the security guard and the security guard's

employer. The public perception is reality, at least

as far as public relations is concerned.

C. The purpose of this lesson is to look at the

communication process and explain how this



5.3

process is important for the security guard, and

how it can promote good public relations.

III. Identifying the Components of the Communication

Process

A. The three components of the communication

process are:

1. Sender - The person delivering the message.

2. Receiver - The person to whom the message

is being delivered.

3. Feedback - Affirmation that the message was

received by the person intended and that

he/she understood the message.

B. Five uses of communication in security:

1. Public relations - most common use.

2. Compliance - maintenance of order.

3. Describing events - key for reports.

4. Emergencies - protect people/property.



5.4

5. Interviewing - investigative tool.

C. The importance of effective communication and

public relations is apparent for the following

functions of security: combating prejudices, tact,

legal testimony, documentation, communications

with outside agencies, and emergency

communications.

1. For the employer or supervisor of a security

guard, written communication is often cited

as the most important communication skill.

2. To the public - appearance, demeanor, tact,

understanding, and a combination of verbal

and non-verbal skills is most important for a

security guard to possess.

3. For a contractor or proprietary employer of

security guards, emergency communication



5.5

skills are most important to insure personal

safety and protection of property.

D. The rapid, accurate exchange of information can

be critical for successful response to an

emergency in progress.

IV. Three Methods of Communication

A. Verbal communication.

1. Verbal (oral) communication messages are

sent and received by speaking and hearing.

Components of effective speech include

language, tone, volume, and message

content. Oral communication includes skill in

hearing, listening, and understanding. Non-

verbal communication skills can enhance the

verbal skills and the overall communication

process.



5.6

2. Use of oral communication, public relations,

compliance orders, radio communications,

some reports, and emergency

communications requires clear and accurate

transmission of information which must be

made to the proper person and within a

specific emergency plan.

3. Common problems: prejudice, intimidation,

hearing impairment, insensitivity, offensive

language, bad attitude, poor speaking skills,

poor listening skills, and lack of specific

knowledge or information.

4. Skills to practice: Communication can be

improved by practicing these skills - listening,

speaking, tact, job knowledge, positive

thinking and attitude.



5.7

B. Non-verbal Communication.

1. Non-verbal components such as appearance,

posture, demeanor, eye contact, distance,

gestures or contact, confidence and attitude

can enhance the verbal component of the

communication process.

2. Non-verbal communication may be the basis

of a first, and quite often, lasting impression.

The importance of non-verbal communication

for good public/customer relations can not be

overstated.

C. Written communication.

1. Written communication is among the most

important of a security guard's

responsibilities. Complete and accurate

documentation of activities such as theft, fire,

vandalism, trespass, vehicles, people,



5.8

accidents, injuries, grievance, substance

abuse, safety and security violations, or

unusual occurrences should be recorded. A

written record, or report, will provide an aid to

memory and may be used by managers or

other agencies for a variety of reasons.

2. Types of written communication include a

security guard's notes, activity logs, daily

reports, incident reports, accident

reports/forms, memos, and electronic e-mail.

3. Rules for written communication:

a. Record everything - date, time, location,

who, what, when, where, why, how,

loss, injury, assisting agencies, etc.

b. Be accurate - details count.

c. Be neat - if it can not be read by others,

why bother writing it? Remember,



5.9

appearance counts. If handwritten,

always print legibly in ink. Do not use

cursive handwriting.

d. Do it now! – write it down as soon as

possible

e. Keep it simple - write short, concise,

plain, English sentences.

f. Be objective - write descriptively, no

opinions. Record the facts and not your

assumptions.

g. "The dullest pencil has a better memory

than the sharpest mind” – unknown.

4. Descriptive writing exercises (optional).

a. Things - describe in writing, the object

chosen by the instructor in as much

detail as possible. The class may then



5.10

compare and contrast the descriptions

written.

b. People - conduct the same exercise

using a person in the classroom as the

subject.

5. Fine points in communication. (Optional

material)

a. Grammar:

(1) The primary goals of written

communication are to convey and

preserve information. Grammar is

the structure of written

communication, and is useful in

keeping the information accurate

and unambiguous. Each sentence

must be complete with subject and

verb. Verbs should be in proper



5.11

tense (usually past tense).

Punctuation should be proper and

kept simple. Sentence construction

could be practiced to improve

writing skills.

6. Statements/interviews: Statements taken

orally or in writing must be obtained

voluntarily without threat, promises or

intimidation. The interview should be

planned in advance. Appropriate questions,

suitable location, and recording method

should be included in the advance plan.

Advanced training is available from a variety

of sources to enhance interviewing ability.

V. Obstacles to Effective Communication

A. Obstacles to communication can occur in the four

primary elements required for communication. In



5.12

order for the security guard to communicate

effectively the following questions should be

answered:

1. Language

a. What language skills are required of the

security guard for the work place?

b. What language skills does the security

guard presently possess?

c. What are the language skills of other

people that will interact with that security

guard?

d. The barriers to effective communication

will become apparent when these

questions are answered. The following

are specific obstacles for effective

communication in all exchanges.



5.13

2. Message breakdown: This is caused by the

inability of the security guard to correctly

state the message. The causes may be

speech or language difficulties, or a lack of

understanding by the security guard

delivering it. Examples include:

a. Poorly chosen words, phrases, or

jargon.

b. Lack of coherence or awkward

presentation.

c. Poor organization of ideas.

d. Failure to clarify ambiguities.

e. Message breakdown can lead to costly

errors, costly corrections, and the need

for otherwise unnecessary clarifications

consuming precious time and resources.



5.14

3. Psychological barriers: A security guard is not

always afforded the ideal conditions under

which to communicate. Distractions occur

because of the environment and situations in

which a security guard must perform. Even

the simplest communication can be

obstructed by one or more of the following:

a. Bias or prejudices.

b. Panic or fear.

c. Threat to personal safety.

d. Noise.

e. Extreme emotion.

4. Failed reception: The receiver is unable or

unwilling to receive the message for

language, personal, cultural, or other

reasons. These stresses can prevent



5.15

communication from occurring at the

reception point. Common types of stressors:

a. Mental illness.

b. Marital problems.

c. Financial problems.

d. Health problems.

e. Cultural and language differences.

VI. Components for Effective Communication

A. Having identified the problems encountered in

communication, we must then identify how to

avoid problems and be effective in communicating.

The following list can be utilized to improve the

communications process and help security guards’

overcome barriers:

1. Feedback - a process to correct an

inaccuracy in communication. Feedback is



5.16

checking for comprehension, usually by

restating the message as it is understood.

2. Using a third ear - listen to the message, not

just the words in the communication. Hear

the message objectively, without bias or

prejudice.

3. Adjust the rate of speech - a listener can only

absorb a certain amount of information at one

time. By changing the rate or pace of

communication, a listener will be better able

to understand the message.

4. Face-to-face communications - acknowledge

the individual(s) involved in the

communication process by using eye contact.

Facial expressions, gestures, and immediate

presence can enhance the communications

process. Having, or giving, undivided



5.17

attention is important to insure the best

possible communication.

5. Sensitivity to the receiver - the message must

be meaningful to the receiver. Recognize

cultural, age, and gender differences. Avoid

slang or jargon that would not be understood

by the receiver, and adapt your message

accordingly.

6. Reinforce words with actions - gestures and

body language can reinforce verbal

communication.

7. Use direct, simple language - the receiver of

oral communication must rely heavily on

memory. To insure communication is

understood, use plain language. The goal is

to inform not impress.



5.18

8. Use repetition - reinforce the key parts of the

communication. If the feedback seems weak,

recycle the idea and check for

comprehension again. Analogies may also

help to clear the idea being communicated.

9. Command presence - used in emergency

situations to insure communication is clear

and directions are to be followed. Displaying

confidence, control, and knowledge of the

emergency procedure will make emergency

communications more effective.

VII. Summary


References

Bittner, G.E. and Hertig, C.A. Report Writing for Security Personnel. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991. Chartier, Myron R. Clarity of Expression in Interpersonal Communication. The 1976 Annual Handbook for Group Facilitators. Pages 149-156. University Associates, Inc., 1976.



5.19

Hollington, Kenneth G., Dr. Human Relations. Protection of Assets Manual. 5th Edition. Pages 149-150. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992. U.S. Department of Energy, Central Training Academy (DOE). Lesson Plan Supervisor Certification Program. January 1990

Unit Six

Access Control



6.1

Lesson Title: Section: Access Control Unit 6 Prepared by:


Approved by:


Instructor: Method of Presentation: Date Duration: Lecture 06/2009 ½ Hour Instructional Objectives: Upon completion of this section, the student will be able to:

1. Identify the basic elements of access control and identification to include:

A. Visual recognition B. Written documentation C. Third party authorization D. Security escort

2. Define threat potential. 3. Identify definitions of the following terms:

A. Espionage B. Sabotage C. Terrorism

4. Identify three types of access control.




6.2

Curriculum Outline

I. Introduction

A. Self.

B. Experience.


II. Overview

A. The control of access to and within a facility is of

primary concern in the prevention of crime and in

the control of loss due to theft and injury. The

security of any facility relies heavily on the

restriction and control of traffic, both vehicular and

pedestrian, into and out of the physical location as

well as within the confines of the building(s).

B. There are a number of means to achieve access

control at the basic level as well as at a higher

level through both physical and procedural means.

Effective access control is in the hands of the



6.3

security guard who is charged with the

responsibility. A thorough knowledge of

employer/client policies, desires and expectations

relating to access control is essential. No system,

policy, procedure or equipment will be an effective

tool unless the individual security guard remains

vigilant, informed and aware of their surroundings

and the employer/client's expectations.

C. The purpose of this lesson is to make the security

guard aware of how access control can be used to

the benefit of the company in the reduction of loss.

Additionally, it will highlight some of the tools and

skills required to effectively manage the security of

the facility.

III. Elements of Access Control and Identification

A. Visual recognition - also referred to as personal

knowledge, is widely used but is generally



6.4

considered to be the least reliable means of

identification. It is a dangerous practice to grant

access based on whether the security guard is

familiar with the individual and/or knows that the

person is an employee. Familiarity of the security

guard with persons and vehicles entering and

leaving the property may result in the security

guard becoming complacent and failing to properly

check identification prior to allowing access to the

property. An effective security guard will always

ask for identification from all persons, if required in

their post orders, and will be familiar with the

facilities' hours of operation and level of access

granted to each employee. Additionally, to assist

the security guard in making determinations

regarding the granting of access, each post should

have a current list of any terminations, new hires,



6.5

etc. as well as vendors and contractors affecting

their post.

B. Written documentation - There are a number of

written documents which can be used by the

security guard in an effort to control and monitor

access to and within the facility:

1. Employee photo badges.

2. Visitor badges.

a. The badges should be secure and not

vulnerable to theft or duplication.

3. Vendor identification.

4. Work orders.

5. Delivery manifests.

Any written documentation that the security

guard has at his/her disposal should be used

in making the determination as to whether to

grant access to the facility or to a specific



6.6

area within the facility. Written

documentation should be viewed in a "whole

picture" perspective. For example, a person

who claims to be a contractor would present

identification attesting to their company.

Additionally, the security guard could check

for a permit issued by the employer/client.

Finally, the security guard could check for a

valid work order or delivery manifest to make

the final verification as to the validity of the

visitor. These items should be examined

closely for signs of tampering or alterations.

6. If the security guard has a question about the

validity of the identification documents

presented, the guard should: Request the

person to produce additional identification in

his/her name.



6.7

7. If during business hours, contact a supervisor

in the area where the person is requesting

access to.

8. If after business hours, contact the designated

area or facility official for clearance.

9. If the person is a vendor or delivery service,

contact the delivery company to verify the

identity of the person at the site and the

contents of the package, if known.

If there is any doubt as to the purpose of the

visit and its validity and the guard is unable to

confirm or verify, security guards should feel

comfortable in refusing admittance until or

unless clearance is granted by a supervisor

or other responsible person. Unless

employer/client policy specifies otherwise,

security guards should not accept deliveries



6.8

intended for other employees. If the delivery

company is unable to complete delivery, an

attempt should be made at a later time.

C. Third party authorization - this method is used

when security guards are authorized to grant

access by one of the following methods:

1. Issuance of a written order which is forwarded

to security detailing the date and time of the

visitor.

2. Security guard verifies the visitor’s

identification by contacting the employee

whom the party wishes to visit and receives

verbal clearance.

3. Security procedures require that an employee

report to the security post and personally

escort the visitor to the designated area. The



6.9

employee at that point assumes responsibility

for the visitor.

D. Security escort - another form of access control. It

is a formal policy which requires that all visitors

report to the security post and are monitored until

being turned over to the responsibility of an

employee. In many facilities where security

guards act as receptionists, this may be the

practice. Additionally, this method allows little

freedom of movement by the visitor until

responsibility is assumed by the employee.

E. Log-in procedures - security personnel must adhere

to a strict log-in policy for a number of reasons,

including:

1. Accountability of staff and visitors.

2. In the event of an emergency, security is

aware of all occupied work areas.



6.10

3. To comply with employer/client and security

guidelines.

4. Discourages access by unauthorized

personnel.

5. Encourages security/employee interaction.

Any discrepancies or unusual incidents

involving access control must be documented

by the security guard. Again, if there is a

doubt as to the validity of a request for

admittance, access should be denied and

supervision should be contacted.

Remember, any passes, log books,

identification cards, etc. are considered

official and legal documents. They should be

maintained, retained and secured according

to employer/client policy.



6.11

IV. Threat Potential

A. A thorough assessment of potential risks and/or

hazards which could impact the security of the

employees, assets, information and physical

facilities should be undertaken. This assessment

is used to determine the level of access control

necessary to adequately protect the facility. There

are a number of factors to consider when

determining the threat potential at any given

location, including:

1. Demographics of Area:

a. City vs. rural.

b. Dense or sparse population.

c. History of crime in area.

2. Type of Industry:

a. Government.

b. Retail.



6.12

c. Manufacturing.

d. Residential.

e. Health care.

3. Occupants function: type of activity taking

place. For example, the level of risk in

controlling access to a research facility versus

a retail center versus a warehouse may be

different.

4. Level of physical security in place:

a. Security staffing.

b. Alarm systems.

c. Closed circuit television cameras.

d. Perimeter fencing.

e. Response time of local police.

B. The following access control methods should be

evaluated when considering the level of access

control:



6.13

1. Physical placement of a security guard at a

control point.

2. Installation of a gate or door at a specific

location.

3. If a higher level of security is required, a

combination of physical security measures

and access control would be indicated.

V. Three Major Threats to Industry and Government

A. All industries and organizations face threats to their

security and stability. These threats can occur

from internal as well as external sources. Security

systems and staffing are designed to minimize the

risks and address the exposures generally from

overt threats such as crime, fire, theft, etc.

B. Aside from overt threats to security, organizations

must address security exposures from covert

sources. The security guard, when charged with



6.14

controlling access to a facility, should be aware of

three major threats faced by industry and

governmental facilities.

C. Sabotage - defined as the use of treachery and

subversive tactics to cause damage to or disable

equipment and/or property of a business or

government agency. Sabotage can be caused

internally by employees, vendors, visitors, etc. It

can also be caused by external sources such as

protestors, former employees, youths in the area,

etc. The damage can be purposeful, to make a

point, or it could be unintentional, such as

common vandalism.

D. Espionage - the surveillance, infiltration and spying

of the activities of a business or government

agency. Again, this can come from either internal

or external sources and creates challenge to the



6.15

effectiveness of the access control program. In

many organizations, espionage is a common

practice among competitors in an attempt to gain a

competitive advantage. When the employer/client

is involved in a highly competitive market (i.e.

computers, software, research, etc.), the risk of

espionage is increased and so should the effort to

control access.

E. Terrorism – the unlawful use of force against

persons or property, to intimidate or coerce a

government, the civilian population, or any

segment thereof, in the furtherance of political or

social objectives.

F. Generally, when the aforementioned topics are

discussed, all are thought of on a global/political

scale. However, they may also be applied on a

domestic level in varying degrees. Bomb threats



6.16

are one of the most common forms of domestic,

"low level" terrorism in that it creates a disruption

in normal business operations.

G. The need for effective access control is of utmost

importance in the prevention of these

vulnerabilities faced by the employer/client.

VI. Types of Access Control

Access control is achieved in a variety of ways. Most

commonly, control is maintained through three means -

environmental, physical and personnel. In many

organizations, it takes a combination of one or more of

these controls to be totally effective.

A. Environmental - refers to barriers created to control

the flow of pedestrian and vehicular traffic through

the use of building construction, strategically

placed landscaping and lighting.



6.17

B. Physical security - involves systems and tangible

means of controlling access. These include such

things as electronic card readers, tamper-resistant

locks, security doors, central station alarms,

closed circuit television, etc. Additionally, strategic

placement of fences serves to create an outer

perimeter to control access to the facility.

C. Personnel - security guards posted at entry points

and at vulnerable areas with standing post orders

and employer/client rules and regulations

governing access and restrictions. Their central

purpose is to identify those attempting to gain

access and approve or deny access according to

standing orders. A clear and thorough knowledge

and understanding of employer/client expectations

is critical to the effectiveness of a security guard

serving as the access control tool.



6.18

VII. Summary


References

Healy, Richard and Walsh, Timothy. The Protection of Assets Manual. Santa Monica, CA: The Merritt Company, 1994. New York State Office of Public Security. Homeland Security Strategy. March 2004. Schnabolk, C. Private Security- Practice and Technology. Stoneham, MA: Butterworths Publishers, Inc. 1983.

Unit Seven

Ethics and Conduct



7.1

Lesson Title: Section: Ethics and Conduct Unit 7 Prepared by:


Approved by:


Instructor: Method of Presentation: Date: Duration: Lecture 06/2009 1 Hour Instructional Objectives: Upon completion of this section, the student will be able to:

1. Explain the benefits of a Code of Ethics for security guards. 2. Define Code of Ethics for security guards. 3. Identify five elements of the Code of Ethics for security guards

as contained in this lesson. Instructor References Instructor Manual Training Aids/Supplies/Equipment: Computer Slide Presentation



7.2

Curriculum Outline

I. Introduction

A. Self.

B. Experience.


II. Overview

A. The personnel of a business are, in many cases,

the organization’s most valuable asset. The

manner in which personnel conduct their activities

will have an impact upon determining whether a

business succeeds or fails. Personnel that are

competent and perform their duties in a positive,

eager and ethical manner promote a favorable

image and build confidence. Conversely,

dishonest personnel that follow unethical practices

foster a poor public image and diminish

confidence in a business or organization. Security



7.3

guards are entrusted to protect persons and/or

property from harm, and as such, must possess a

high degree of integrity and ethics. If security

guards are provided with a standard of conduct

within a code of ethics, they will have the

guidelines to carry out their duties using

appropriate discretion and effectuate such duties

in a professional manner, enhancing the entire

security industry.

B. Integrity is defined as "firm adherence to a code of

especially moral or artistic values," or

"incorruptibility," and is synonymous with

"honesty."

C. Ethics is "the discipline dealing with what is good

and bad and with moral duty and obligation" and

"a set of moral principles or values," or "the



7.4

principles of conduct governing an individual or a

group."

1. Ethics involves a value for one thing over

another.

2. A choice of "good" over "bad."

3. Ethics infers acting on principle in order to

help someone.

4. Ethical responsibility infers moral

responsibility and a principle upon which

one's actions are based.

a. Moral - of or relating to principles of right

and wrong in behavior.

5. Ethics is a system of moral principles which

lead to the highest good.

D. Professional - a person who conforms to the

technical or ethical standards of a profession.



7.5

III. Code of Ethics

A. Contains general statements on principles and/or

rules of conduct by which members of a particular

profession regulate their behavior among

themselves and others they deal with in a

professional capacity. A code incorporates moral

and ethical principles and philosophies and is a

measure of a person's conduct against a standard

of behavior.

1. Although there exists in our society certain

basic ethical and moral rules of acceptable

behavior, and laws which govern behavior, a

code of ethics/conduct that focuses on

conduct akin to specific professions which

are not sufficiently regulated by general

morality or law. For example, codes exist for

security guards, soldiers, medical



7.6

professionals, police officers, legal

professionals, etc.

IV. Why a Code of Ethics for Security Guards

A. Security guards are employed to protect people

and property from harm, therefore, the public has

higher expectations of them.

B. Security guards operate from a position of

authority.

C. The actions/inactions of security guards could

have the potential to cause serious harm.

D. The public holds security guards to higher

standards because of their position.

E. Security guards are representatives of their

employer; the image they portray to the public is a

reflection of the company.

F. The public relies on security guards to respond to

any given situation.



7.7

V. Benefits of a Code of Ethics for Security Guards

A. A code of ethics for security guards can benefit

both the employer and security guard by:

Acknowledging the importance of a security

guard's job function which can foster a sense of

professionalism, and thus increase the

effectiveness of the security guard within the

organization they are serving.

B. Promote professionalism within the security

industry.

C. Enhance the way law enforcement and the

general public view the security industry and

security guards by fostering respect and mutual

cooperation.

D. Provide a foundation which encourages a security

guard to conduct themselves in a professional,

responsible and honorable manner.



7.8

E. Attracting a better caliber of applicants by creating

a professional image and environment. Security

guards can feel satisfied in the performance of

their duties. This could reduce turnover rates.

F. Providing better protection of public rights.

VI. Unethical Practices

A. Unethical behavior can result in the loss of public

confidence and respect for the security industry.

Any misdeed has the potential to tarnish a positive

image; therefore, it is imperative that security

guards continually maintain their professionalism.

B. Examples of unethical behavior include:

1. Excessive use of force.

2. False arrest and detention.

3. Illegal search and seizure.

4. Impersonation of a police or a peace officer.

5. Any act of dishonesty.



7.9

6. Failure to report a criminal act and/or

violation of company policies and rules.

7. Accepting bribes or unauthorized gratuities.

8. Falsifying reports.

9. Exhibiting favoritism.

VII. Code of Ethics for Security Guards

A. The following Code of Ethics embodies those

principles and standards of conduct which typify

the functions and duties of a security guard; it is

derived from the Code of Ethics for:

1. American Society for Industrial Security.

2. International Association of Chiefs of Police.

3. Private security management and security

employees (Private Security Advisory

Council).

B. "In my capacity as a security guard hired to

prevent, report, and deter crime. I pledge:



7.10

1. To protect life and property; prevent and

reduce crime committed against my

employer/client's business, or other

organizations and institutions to which I am

assigned; abide by the Constitution of the

United States.

2. To carry out my duties with honesty and

integrity and to maintain the highest moral

principles.

3. To faithfully, diligently and dependably

discharge my duties, and to uphold the laws,

policies and procedures that protect the rights

of others.

4. To discharge my duties truthfully, accurately

and prudently without interference of

personal feelings, prejudices, animosities or

friendships to influence my judgments.



7.11

5. To report any violation of law, or rule or

regulation immediately to my supervisors.

6. To respect and protect information

considered confidential and privileged by my

employer or client, except where their

interests are contrary to law or this Code of

Ethics.

7. To cooperate with all recognized and

responsible law enforcement agencies within

my jurisdiction.

8. To accept no compensation, commission,

gratuity, or other advantage without the

knowledge and consent of my employer.

9. To conduct myself professionally at all times,

and to perform my duties in a manner that

reflects credit upon me, my employer and the

security profession.



7.12

10. To continually improve my performance by

seeking training and educational

opportunities that better prepare me to carry

out my security duties."

C. "The bottom-line in ethics is to never knowingly do

harm."

VIII. Summary

A. Review of objectives.

References

Code of Ethics. American Society for Industrial Security. Code of Ethics. International Association of Chiefs of Police. Code of Ethics for Private Security Management and Security Employees. Private Security Advisory Council. Healy, Richard and Walsh, Timothy. The Protection of Assets Manual. Santa Monica, CA:The Merritt Company, 1994. New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services. Ethical Awareness Moderator's Workshop, Instructor Guide. 1987. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, MA:Merriam-Webster Inc., 1986.

Unit Eight

Review and Examination

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training 8.1 Course for Security Guards


Lesson Title: Section: Review and Examination Unit 8 Prepared by:


Approved by:


Instructor: Method of Presentation: Date Prepared: Duration: Lecture 06/2009 1 Hour Instructional Objectives: Upon completion of this section, the student will be able to:

1. Successfully complete the Pre-Assignment Training Course written examination with a minimum score of 70 percent to satisfactorily complete this mandated training.


8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training 8.2 Course for Security Guards


Curriculum Outline

I. Review Course Objectives

II. Administer Written Final Examination III. Course Conclusion

Appendix A

Administrator’s Guide



A.1

Course Planning

Only security guard training schools approved by DCJS may present this training.

A school must have a permanent location with a DCJS approved classroom setting. Approved classroom settings must provide a minimum of 16 square feet per student, with no more than 35 students per class. The facility must also include appropriate seating accommodations, audio visual aides, restroom facilities, heating and ventilation.

The 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards should be completed in one eight hour session. In the event the course cannot be conducted in one eight hour session, the sections may be provided over two, four hour sessions to be completed within a seven day period. Students must attend a single course, meaning they must start and finish training with the same group of students and instructors.

Once a student has successfully completed the 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards, they do not have to attend the course again.

School Director The school director is entirely responsible for the administration of a security guard training school according to the minimum standards established by DCJS. The school director serves as the point of contact for all matters relating to the school.

The school director is responsible for the administration and supervision of required examinations in accordance with Title 9 of the Official Compilation of Codes, Rules and Regulations of the State of New York, Part 6029(12) (b), for maintaining an accurate record of attendance for each security guard attending the course, and for accurate and timely submission of course completion forms. Such records should be available for inspection by DCJS.

Upon completing the course, the school director shall file with DCJS, no later than

seven days after the course end date; a DCJS approved Security Guard Training Class Roster / Notification of Successful Completion form for each student indicating the course title, school dates, school location, school director, and student information. The Class Roster / Notification of Successful Completion must contain the instructor’s original signature. Additionally, the school director must submit the Part I (red) Optical Mark Reader (OMR) form and the Part II (orange) OMR for each student. Pursuant to section 57-a of the Arts and Cultural Affairs Law, the school director shall retain all records, including correspondence, student attendance and performance, lesson plans and curriculum, handouts, and Security Guard Training Class Roster / Notification of Successful Completion forms, as required by the appropriate schedule for records retention and disposition promulgated by the Commissioner of Education.



A.2

Currently, the schedule of retention is two (2) years. Such records shall be available for inspection by DCJS.

The Security Guard Program of the Division of Criminal Justice Services is available to provide technical assistance to the school directors.

Instructors

All instructors providing New York State mandated training must be certified

through the DCJS in accordance with Title 9 of the Official Compilation of Codes, Rules and Regulations of the State of New York, Part 6029. This regulation applies to all instructors regardless of certification in other areas, including police instructors. Instructor certification may be granted upon demonstration of competency and subject matter expertise. Each instructor applicant must possess a high school diploma, or equivalent, and satisfy the minimum criteria established by DCJS. All instructors shall be responsible for disseminating the information in the modules assigned them according to the standards established by DCJS. Instructors may be called upon to provide documentation of their status and may be required to provide additional information to establish the competence of an instructor or for any other pertinent purpose.

Student Requirements

Anyone may attend the 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards, however, in order to obtain a Security Guard Registration Card from the NYS Department of State, Division of Licensing Services, each student must:

• Be 18 years of age. • Be of good moral character. • Possess a high school diploma or its equivalent. • Be a citizen or resident alien of the United States. • Not have any convictions for a serious offense.

Attendance

Pursuant to Title 9 of the Official Compilation of Codes, Rules and Regulations of the State of New York, Part 6027.12(a), “Attendance shall be required of each individual student for all sections of a security guard course.” The school director is responsible for maintaining an accurate record of attendance.



A.3

Examinations

The passing of a written examination is required for the 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards. Students must achieve a minimum passing score of 70% on the examination in order to successfully complete the course.

There is no requirement to retest students who fail an examination. However, schools may retest students who fail the first examination of any course. The retest must be administered within two days of the failure. Students who fail the retest will be required to repeat the course in its entirety.

Course Completion Forms

The school director is responsible for ensuring the Security Guard Training Class

Roster / Notification of Successful Completion is completed accurately and bears the school director’s original signature. In order to ensure records are entered accurately, this form must be typed and the box labeled (700) should be checked to indicate completion of the 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards. The school director is responsible for accurately completing the Part I (red) and the Part II (orange) Optical Mark Reader (OMR) forms, or bubble sheets. In order to update the training records, DCJS must receive an accurate, legible OMR form for the instructor and one for each student. Incomplete or inaccurate forms cannot be processed. If the school director requires additional forms, please contact DCJS staff by telephone at (518) 457- 4135 or by facsimile at (518) 485- 7639.

Certificates of Successful Completion

Pursuant to Section 89-n(1) of the New York State General Business Law,...” upon completion of a required training course, a security guard shall receive from the provider a certificate evidencing satisfactory completion thereof in accordance with the requirements prescribed by the commissioner...” The certificate must be issued to the student. The student should retain the original to confirm the completion of training and should not submit originals to the Department of State when applying for a security guard registration card.

DCJS will provide a camera-ready copy of the course completion certificate to all schools approved to conduct mandated security guard training. This certificate is the only one authorized for documenting successful completion and may not be modified in any way.



A.4

Questions If, after reviewing this guide, school directors or instructors have any questions or concerns, please contact DCJS staff prior to commencing training.

NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Public Safety, Security Guard Program

4 Tower Place Albany, NY 12203-3764

(518) 457- 4135 www.criminaljustice.state.ny.us

Appendix B

Final Examination Question Bank



B.1

Final Examination Question Bank Select 50 questions from the bank of 100 test questions for the two 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training 25 question tests.

1. The Security Guard Act of 1992 became effective December 26, 1993. It applies to:

a. Proprietary Security Services. b. Contractual Security Services. c. Police and Peace Officers. d. a & b.

2. Which is not a part of the communication process?

a. Feedback. b. Repeating. c. Sender. d. Receiver.

3. The Security Guard Act (Article 7A) was attached to the:

a. Penal Law. b. Criminal Procedure Law. c. General Business Law. d. Public Officers Law.

4. Personal opinions and judgments should never be included in a report. ___T

___F

5. Which of the following is a major objective of the Legislature for security guards? a. Maximum standard for training. b. Minimum standard for training, employment, registration, enforcement,

liability, insurance coverage of security guards and the security guard industry within New York State.

c. Minimum licensing for Peace Officers. d. Deregulation of the Security Guard Industry.

6. Wood, paper and cloth is and example of a:

a. Class A fire. b. Class B fire c. Class C fire. d. Class D fire.



B.2

7. The primary objective of the security guard is to: a. Arrest perpetrators. b. Increase the profit of the employer. c. Protect person and property from harm. d. Remove trespassers.

8. Fires involving highly flammable liquids are an example of:

a. Class A fire. b. Class B fire. c. Class C fire. d. Class D fire.

9. The role of the security guard includes:

a. Detection. b. Deterrence. c. Reporting. d. Prosecuting. e. All except (d).

10. Fires which involve electrical appliances are classified as:

a. Class A fire. b. Class B fire. c. Class C fire. d. Class D fire.

11. The best way to reduce employee theft is through:

a. Surveillance. b. Lectures on morality. c. Lectures on the punishment for the crime of larceny. d. Prevention.

12. The most important fire issue for security is prevention. ___T ___F

13. Emergency situations include:

a. Fires and Explosions b. Unauthorized parking in management parking lot. c. HAZMAT Spills. d. a & c.

14. People respond positively and cooperate with security guards who are courteous.

___T ___F



B.3

15. Each of the following is not a general task of security guards. a. Crime prevention. b. Traffic control. c. Escort services. d. Acting as law enforcement officers.

16. Identification cards are often used to control access. ___T ___F

17. Misdemeanors are punishable by:

a. Imprisonment for 5 years. b. Imprisonment for 1 year to 5 years. c. Imprisonment from 15 days to 1 year. d. A fine but no imprisonment.

18. Safety is an important duty of a security guard’s job. ___T ___F

19. Which of the following will not support an arrest?

a. Personal observation. b. Information from the police. c. A hunch, instinct, or suspicious act. d. A confession.

20. A report is not complete unless it covers all of the details known about the

incident. ___T ___F

21. If a security guard makes a legal mistake they can be sued and arrested. The

lawsuits are: a. Civil. b. Criminal. c. Civil rights. d. All of the above.

22. In a fire, a security guard should sound the alarm first before using the fire

extinguisher. ___T ___F

23. Which of the following is the most serious?

a. Felony. b. Misdemeanor. c. Violations. d. Infractions.

24. When evacuating a building due to a fire bomb threat or an explosion, the

security guard should clear the people to at least 300 feet away. ___T ___F



B.4

25. A private individual may use physical force to:

a. Effect and arrest. b. To prevent an escape from custody. c. To defend himself / herself or a third person. d. a & b only. e. a, b, & c.

26. Which of the following is not a man made barrier?

a. Water. b. Fences. c. Lock. d. Alarms.

27. Which of the following statements is most correct?

a. If a security guard is in a position to legally arrest or use force he / she should do so, regardless of company policy.

b. Security guards have a duty to act as police officers. c. Any person may arrest another person for a felony, when in fact; the other

person has committed a felony. d. If the security guard is in uniform, it is not necessary to inform the person

being arrested of the reason for the arrest.

28. An armed security guard is the same as a police officer. ___T ___F

29. Felonies are punishable by: a. Imprisonment for 5 years. b. Imprisonment from 1 year to 10 years. c. Imprisonment from 15 days to 2 years. d. More than 1 year.

30. Effective listening is an important a part of the communication process. ___T

__F

31. Upon arrest of a person, a security guard must: a. Inform the person of the reason for the arrest. b. Deliver the person without unnecessary delay to the local police. c. Inform the perpetrator of your authority to make the arrest. d. All of the above.

32. Since most bomb threats are usually no more than nuisance calls, you should

immediately hang up on the caller. ___T ___F



B.5

33. The security guard is given authority to arrest by: a. New York State Law. b. Common Law. c. Employer’s policies and procedures. d. All of the above.

34. Reporting violations to supervisors is part of the Code of Ethics. ___T ___F

35. A security guard’s primary objectives do not include deterring crime. ___T ___F

36. Security guards may arrest a person based on reasonable cause. ___T ___F

37. When responding to a fire, the security guard should consider:

a. What the classification is. b. What type of extinguisher to be used. c. Is decontamination necessary. d. All of the above.

38. As a general rule, which human sense should not be used:

a. Hearing. b. Seeing. c. Tasting. d. Smelling. e. Touching.

39. When a hazardous material accident happens, it is best for a security guard to:

a. Try to handle it themselves. b. Immediately contact the mental health authorities. c. Notify the proper authorities; county, state, or federal. d. Evacuate the area and all surrounding buildings.

40. Protecting life and property is part of the definition of private security. ___T ___F

41. Which of the following is not considered an emergency?

a. Accidental explosions. b. Strike / picket actions. c. Civil disturbances. d. Installations of a new gas line.

42. Protecting life and property is part of the definition of private security. ___T ___F

43. Non violent civil disturbances are generally legal, but if they threaten personnel

or property, they could be considered illegal. ___T ___F



B.6

44. Deadly force can only be used by a security guard if he / she or others are

threatened to the point of being in fear for their lives. ___T ___F

45. Which of the following is not part of the communication process? a. Sender. b. Feedback. c. Receiver. d. Translation.

46. Crime prevention is more important than apprehending criminals. ___T ___F

47. Which of the following is an obstacle to effective communication?

a. Sincerity. b. Listening skills. c. Interpreting. d. Prejudices.

48. Observing a crime as it is being committed is a fact. ___T ___F

49. Which of the following is not a type of non-verbal communication?

a. Posture. b. Eye contact. c. Physiological changes. d. Sarcasm. e. All of the above.

50. Communication is the process of conveying information so there is a mutual

understanding. ___T ___F

51. Every security guard should try to develop good listening skills. ___T ___F

52. A security guard can, at his discretion, always request that a person provide an additional type of identification. ___T ___F

53. Access control includes:

a. Locks and keys. b. Alarms. c. Closed circuit TV (CCTV). d. All of the above.

54. A misdemeanor carries a sentence of less than a year of imprisonment. ___T

___F

55. Security guards may be excused from identifying an employee. ___T ___F



B.7

56. Fires consisting of burning wood, paper, and cloth, are classified as:

a. Class B and C fires. b. Class C fires. c. Class A and B fires. d. Class A fires.

57. There are many threats to Industry and Governments. Which of the following is

not considered a threat? a. Terrorism. b. Espionage. c. Sabotage. d. OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act).

58. The following statement is true.

a. Class C fires consist of combustible gases. b. Class C fires consist of energized electrical equipment. c. Class C fires consist of gasoline or kerosene. d. Class C fires can burn without fuel or air.

59. Terrorism is never caused by an employee. ___T ___F

60. All of the following are examples of emergency situations except:

a. Fires and bomb threats. b. Medical emergencies and labor strikes. c. Crime prevention and random patrol. d. Riots and civil disturbances.

61. In order to determine the level of access control to provide, the security guard

must be aware of the threat potential. ___T ___F

62. Which of the following is part of the Code of Ethics for security guards? a. Protecting life and property. b. Taking advantage of training opportunities. c. Cooperating with law enforcement. d. Reporting work rule violations. e. All of the above are part of the Code of Ethics.

63. One of the primary reasons for a log-in procedure is the accountability of

people that are in a particular area in the event of an emergency. ___T ___F

64. A security guard deters criminal activity on his employer’s property. ___T ___F



B.8

65. Threat potential means: a. An assessment of the possible risk and or hazards which is used to

determine the level of access control necessary to safeguard employees, property and information from being compromised by unauthorized persons.

b. Not paying attention to details. c. Evaluating your relationship with your fellow employees. d. b, c, & d.

66. As long as a security guard prevents a crime he / she does not have to

document the incident. ___T ___F

63. The three types of access control are: a. Environmental design, physical security, security personnel. b. Guns, batons, and brass knuckles. c. Whips, insulting remarks. d. Knives, guns, batons.

68. While acting in the performance of their duties, a security guard may disregard

all local laws. ___T ___F

69. A security guard cannot request additional identification even if they are not satisfied with the documentation presented. ___T ___F

70. A security guard can be arrested if he / she breaks the law when off duty. ___T

___F

71. Adopting and implementing a Code of Ethics would: a. Promote guilt and suspicion. b. Reduce morale. c. Benefit the employer only. d. Benefit the employer and the security officer.

71. A registered and fully trained security guard, in New York State, has the same

legal authority as a Peace Officer. ___T ___F

72. Which of the following is considered to be an unethical practice? a. Immediately reporting violations of the law or rules. b. Accepting presents or tips for a job well done. c. Not allowing your personal feelings to interfere with your duties. d. Failure to report a criminal act. e. b & d.

74. Written and verbal communication skills are the most important tools that a

security guard can develop. ___T ___F



B.9

75. A Code of Ethics is a measure of a person’s activities against a standard of

behavior. ___T ___F

76. The basic elements of access control and identification include: a. Visual recognition. b. Written documentation. c. Third party authorization. d. Security escort. e. All of the above.

68. Security guards are held, by the general public, to a higher degree of integrity

than the average employee. ___T ___F

69. The three types of access control devices include environmental design, physical security and private security. ___T ___F

70. Accepting reduce price in the cafeteria where you work as a security guard is

part of the reward for doing a difficult job. ___T ___F

74. Terrorism is defined as: An overt act which causes fear, panic and, normally, disrupts a business. ___T ___F

75. Detecting drug abuse, in the work place by employees, is not the responsibility

of the security guard, only the police officer. ___T ___F

76. The New York State Security Guard Act applies to: a. Proprietary Security Guards only. b. Contractual Security Guards only. c. Both Proprietary and Contractual Security Guards. d. Armed Security Guards only.

83. An employer loses money through theft of property, not through theft of time.

___T ___F

84. After a security guard has aided the arrest of a perpetrator, he / she does not have to appear in court. ___T ___F

85. A private security guard, a police officer, and a peace officer all have the same

legal authority. ___T ___F

86. A confession is an example of a factor which supports an arrest. ___T ___F

87. It is not necessary to touch a person in order to affect a legal arrest. ___T ___F



B.10

88. The three components of the communication process are the sender, the

receiver and feedback. ___T ___F

89. A security guard may search an employee at any time at the place of employment. ___T ___F

68. An elevator failure is never considered an example of an emergency. ___T

___F

90. A security guard has arrest powers regardless of company rules, regulations, and policies. ___T ___F

74. Strict log-in procedures should be followed by security guards because:

a. They discourage unauthorized personnel from signing in. b. Security guards will be aware of all occupied workspaces. c. The procedures document compliance with an employer’s guidelines. d. All of the above.

93. Bomb threats should always be taken seriously. ___T ___F

94. Eyewitness identification is an important factor when a security guard makes an

arrest. ___T ___F

95. Communication is limited to the spoken word and does not include any unspoken words or gestures. ___T ___F

96. The following statement is false:

a. A security guard may arrest a person for a misdemeanor if it is committed in New York State.

b. A security guard may arrest a person for a felony in New York State. c. A security guard may arrest a person for a traffic infraction anywhere in

New York State. d. A security guard may use force to affect an arrest.

97. The most effective way to deter mischief, crime, and other acts of violence is by

doing random patrols while maintaining high visibility and a high profile uniform appearance. ___T ___F

98. The duties of security guards include all of the following except:

a. Patrol of assigned company property. b. Prevention of crime on company property. c. Arresting offenders on your day off. d. Reporting unusual occurrences on company property. e. Preventing employee thefts.



B.11

99. The most detrimental actions that a security guard can perform while on patrol

is to fall into a set pattern or routine while performing their duties. ___T ___F

100. Reporting unethical acts by his fellow guards is not part of a security guard’s duties. ___T ___F



B.12

Final Examination Question Bank - Answer Key 1. d 43. True 85. False 2. b 44. True 86. True 3. c 45. d 87. True 4. True 46. True 88. True 5. b 47. d 89. False 6. a 48. True 90. False 7. c 49. d 91. False 8. b 50. True 92. d 9. e 51. True 93. True 10. c 52. True 94. True 11. d 53. d 95. False 12. True 54. True 96. c 13. d 55. d 97. True 14. True 56. d 99. True 15. d 57. d 100. False 16. True 58. b 17. c 59. False 18. T 60. c 19. c 61. True 20. True 62. e 21. d 63. True 22. True 64. True 23. a 65. a 24. True 66. False 25. e 67. a 26. a 68. False 27. c 69. False 28. False 70. True 29. d 71. d 30. True 72. False 31. d 73. b 32. False 74. True 33. d 75. True 34. True 76. e 35. False 77. True 36. False 78. True 37. d 79. False 38. c 80. d 39. c 81. False 40. True 82. c 41. d 83. False 42. True 84. False

eight hour pre-assignment training course for security

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