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Elevating Safetyn in the workplacen around the homen at schooln in healthcare

2 0 15 He r m e s

A w a r

d W

i n n e r

the magazine of the electroindustryPublished by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association | www.NEMA.org | May 2016 | Vol. 21 No

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FEATURES

ei, the magazine of the electroindustry text and cover pages are printed using SFI®-certifiedAnthem paper using soy ink.

• SFI ber sourcing requirements promote responsible forestmanagement on all suppliers’ lands.

• SFI works with environmental, social and industry partners toimprove forest practices in North America.

• The SFI certied sourcing label is proof ei, the magazine of theelectroindustry is using ber from responsible and legal sources.

ECO BOX

Grid Safety: Smar t Meters Graduate to Intelligent Sensors in Brave, New, Interconnected World .............1

Intelligent Devices Enhance Safety, Property........................................................................................1

Dynamic Healthcare Communications Begin with Optimized Workflow ..................................................1

Get the Picture? Proper Servicing of Imaging Equipment Ensures Accurate and Safe Diagnoses......................

Mass Notification + Fire Safety Training = Aware Campuses ..................................................................1

New Designation Facilitates Mass Notification ......................................................................................1

Insurance Industry Promotes Best Practices in Code Adoption and Enforcement .....................................2

Utility Linemen: Putting Safety on the Line ..........................................................................................2

NEMA@HomeCreating a Safer, Connected Home with the Internet of Things ...........................................NEMA@Home

Electric Vehicle Charging Comes Home .............................................................................. NEMA@Home

www.nema.org/AMM16

ei, the magazine of the electroindustryPublisher | Tracy Cullen

Editor in Chief | Pat Walsh

Contributing Editors | Ann Brandstadter,

Christine Coogle, William E. Green III

Economic Spotlight | Tim Gill

Codes & Standardization Trends | Vince Baclawski

Government Relations Update | Kyle Pitsor

Art Director | Jennifer Tillmann

National Advertising Representative | Bill Mambert

CONTENTS

ei, the magazine of the electroindustry (ISSN 1066-2464) is published monthly by NEMA, the Association of Electrical Equipment an

Medical Imaging Manufacturers, 1300 N. 17th Street, Suite 900, Rosslyn, VA 22209; 703.841.3200. FAX: 703.841.5900. Periodicals

postage paid at Rosslyn, Va., and York, Pa., and additional mailing ofces. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to NEMA, 1300 N

17th Street, Suite 900, Rosslyn, VA 22209. The opinions or views expressed in electroindustry do not necessarily reect the positions

NEMA or any of its subdivisions.

Subscribe to ei, the magazine of the electroindustry at www.nema.org/subscribe2ei.

Contact us at [email protected].

Follow NEMA:

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Newsmakers NOTES

DEPARTMENTSGovernment Relations Update ..............................................................................................................

After Multi-Year NEMA Effort, CBP Has Clear Authority to Share .......................................................................................................

Advocating for Safer Lithium Coin Batteries .................. ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... .......

Electroindustry News ..........................................................................................................................2

Vint Cerf, Internet Founding Father, to Speak at Annual Meeting ..................................... ...................... ...................... .................... 2

IDEA Announces Quality Milestone in Data Certification Program ...................................................................................................2

Code Actions/Standardization Trends ...................................................................................................2

Updating West Coast Code Adoptions ...............................................................................................................................................2

Compatibility Confirmed between Smoke Alarms and AFCIs ..........................................................................................................2

MITA Updates Cybersecurity in Medical Imaging White Paper ...........................................................................................................2

International Roundup .......................................................................................................................2

Saudi Arabia Consortium to Implement Technical, Outreach, and Trade Goals ........................... ...................... ..................... ..........2

Economic Spotlight .............................................................................................................................2

NEMA Business Conditions Indexes Up Sharply in March ................................................................................................................2

Lighting Systems Index Decreased in Fourth Quarter with Mixed Results for Components ..................... ...................... ................. 2

Linear Fluorescent Lamp Indexes Continue Year-Over-Year Decline ..................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ..........2

HID Lamp Indexes Close Out 2015 Down from 2014 ........................................................................................................................2

NEMA Officers .....................................................................................................................................................................................

Comments from the President..............................................................................................................................................................3

Views ...................................................................................................................................................................................................

Ask the Expert .....................................................................................................................................................................................2

I Am NEMA ..........................................................................................................................................................................................2

Visit the NEMA Standards Store or these andother recently published standards:

• ANSI C12.1-2014 Code for Electricity Metering

• ANSI C78.1430 (R2009, R2016) Slide Projector

Lamps, Condensing, Dichroic, 1.65-in.(42 mm), Integral Reflector, Rim Referenceungsten-Halogen Lamps with GX5.3 Bases

• NEMA UC 2-1993 (R2000, R2005, R2010,R2015) Undercarpet Power DistributionSystems

• ANSI/NEMA WC 61-2005 (R2015) ransferImpedance esting

• NEMA WD 1-1999 (R2005, R2010, R2015)General Color Requirements for Wiring Devices

Internet Founding Father Vint Cerf

foresees a transformed future at 90th

Annual Membership Meeting.

Josh Ulrich puts safety on the line.

Dr. Vijay M. Rao predicts that innovation will

continue to transform the way diseases are

diagnosed, treated, and monitored.

22

21

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http://www.nema.org/standards/http://lists.nema.org/t/25822/365953/2351/1/http://lists.nema.org/t/25764/365953/2350/1/http://lists.nema.org/t/25630/365953/2335/1/http://lists.nema.org/t/25630/365953/2335/1/http://lists.nema.org/t/25962/365953/2363/1/http://lists.nema.org/t/25962/365953/2363/1/http://lists.nema.org/t/25630/365953/2335/1/http://lists.nema.org/t/25630/365953/2335/1/http://lists.nema.org/t/25764/365953/2350/1/http://lists.nema.org/t/25822/365953/2351/1/http://www.nema.org/standards/

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FROM THE PRESIDENTOfficersWilliam Shakespeare was on to something in Henry IV, Part I that fits with this month’stheme. “[O]ut o this nettle, danger,” he wrote, “we pluck this flower, saety.”

May is National Electrical Saety Month, sponsored by the Electrical Saety FoundationInternational (ESFI), and Building Saety Month, sponsored by the InternationalCode Council (ICC). Both proclamations remind us that saety lies at the verycenter o what NEMA does with and on behal o electrical equipment and medicalimaging manuacturers.

We ofen take electricity—and its inherent benefits and saety—or granted, whether tocharge a smart phone or x-ray a person. Tink or a moment o the tremendous powergenerated by electrical power plants that is sent seemingly without effort throughtransmission networks to substations and ultimately via building wires and devices to

customers. Our members know better; this is anything but effortless in a holistic sense.Because o the reliability o the products that they manuacture, electrical power istransported through all terrains, weather, different distribution networks, and buildingday and night—all year—saely.

How do they do it? NEMA members view saety as integral to everything they make.Further, they promote saety through perormance standards that assure users that theproducts and systems meeting these exacting quality levels are application-ready and saTis elemental attribute o our built environment was woven by designers, engineers, anproduction workers across North America.

On a daily basis, NEMA members also devote significant time and expense to preservinthe three-year code adoption cycle in every municipality and state across the country.

It is our firm belie that the best way to guarantee saety is through adherence to modelbuilding codes; strong and efficient code enorcement; and a well-trained, proessionalinstallation, maintenance, and inspection workorce. Codes also ensure that the latestand saest technology is being deployed into homes, offices, and actories.

ESFI’s ongoing campaign educates the public about the dangers o electrical fires, andpossible, injurie, and property loss that misuse or mistakes with electrical products mighcause. Te ICC helps the public understand what it takes to create sae and sustainablestructures. We salute them both or their persistent commitments to saety awareness anbest practices.

I am especially proud to accept an award rom ICC this month on behal o NEMAmembers. Te citation recognizes our industry’s “commitment and leadership in the

development and adoption o current saety codes and standards.” Tis is a 90-plus yearcommitment and one we willingly intend to carry orward with the same diligence asour orebears. ei

Kevin J. CosgriffPresident and CEO

NEMA electroindustry • May 2016

Chairwoman

Maryrose Sylvester

President & CEO

Current, Powered by GE

Vice Chairman

Michael Pessina

Co-CEO & President

Lutron Electronics Co., Inc.

Treasurer

David G. Nord Chairman, President & CEO

Hubbell Incorporated

Immediate Past Chairman

Don Hendler

President & CEO

Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc.

President & CEO

Kevin J. Cosgriff

Secretary

Clark R. Silcox

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Since their inception, utility companies

have provided sae and affordableservices to communities everywhere.Now more than ever, they are at theoreront o a modernization movementto provide even more reliable electricity.

Te heart o the electricity distributionsystem is the electricity meter, makingthe next-generation power systempossible. An electricity meter with thecomputing power to analyze data and takeaction in the field is making true edgeintelligence and assured connectivity a

reality. It is critical that utilities continueto deploy smart technologies thatimprove efficiency and reliability, whileempowering consumers to bring aboutthe transormation they seek.

Smart meters and sensors have a leadingrole in the next generation grid—theactive grid. oday’s grid allows or thecollection and exchange o data; however,collecting data in a central data storeand running reactive analytical datamodeling only gets us so ar. Dynamic

analytical engines throughout thenetwork accelerate and improve decisionmaking and shorten the time it takes toreact to dynamic grid conditions—this isthe next wave o transormation. In thistransormation, the active grid harnessesthe power o technology to reduce wastedenergy, improve efficiencies, and createeven more value or utilities and theircustomers.

IDENTIFYING OPPORTUNITIES

FOR EFFICIENCY

Data analytics can be used by utilitiesto identiy opportunities or cost-effective distribution system upgrades.Tese include improving grid efficiencyand reliability; effectively integratingdistributed generation resources, such asenergy storage and roofop photovoltaicsystems; and predicting fluctuations inenergy demand beore they happen. Tecombination o distributed computing

Te same holds true or commercial

use. Submeters, which are instal leddownstream rom main utility meters,may be used or billing purposes inmulti-tenant buildings. Teir largerpurpose, however, is in subsystem energmonitoring, such as lighting, HVAC, anwater pumping. Submeters can monitoruse in real time, sending data to thebuilding management system, which inturn can flag anomalies that may identisaety problems.

Smart devices, sofware, and applicatio

have the computing power to not onlymeasure and communicate but alsoto solve problems in real time. Tesesolutions can dynamically manageloads and outage conditions throughan intelligent, distributed, and sel-aware network—improving saety andreliability and, ultimately, creatingeconomic gains.

Smart meters and sensors serve as thehub or in-field problem solving inreal time. With this capability, utilities

will have deeper insight into what ishappening throughout their distributiosystems to take action based on gridconditions, all or the sake o providingsae and reliable electricity. Troughsmart meters and sensors, the activegrid can help transorm how electricityis managed and empower consumers toconserve and save money. ei

Mr. Mezey serves on the NEMA Board ofGovernors Executive Committee.

Ű Transforming Today’s Smart Grid into Tomorrow’s Safer, Active GridPhilip Mezey, President and CEO, Itron

power and new communications

capabilities in meters provides a practicaland cost-effective solution or utilities toidentiy losses, voltage anomalies, andpotential saety issues beore they becomesaety hazards or costly liabilities.

Smart meters are intelligent enoughto know exactly where they are on theutility distribution system. Tis location-awareness capability opens up an entirelynew rontier o smart grid use cases thatwere previously hobbled by the lack o aconsistently accurate connectivity model.

Philip Mezey

Smart meters also enhance saety byallowing remote disconnection oelectric power to a customer in theevent o a catastrophe, such as a floodor earthquake. Tey give customersinormation about the amount oelectricity used throughout the day

to identiy not only inefficiencies butalso abnormalities that could signalelectrical saety concerns. For example,a homeowner who notices unusuallyhigh energy use might identiy amalunctioning air conditioner asthe culprit or determine that it’s cost-effective to replace an old, inefficientrerigerator.

4 NEMA electroindustry • May 2016

Views

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May is National Electrical Saety Month,

and, while electrical saety should bea yearlong priority, it is important tohave a month devoted to spotlightingsae electrical practices that should becommonplace at home and on the job.

I recently attended the Institute oElectrical and Electronic Engineers(better known as IEEE) IndustrialApplications Society Electrical SaetyWorkshop, a orum serving to advancethe application o technology, workpractices, codes, and regulations to

prevent electrical incidents and injuriesin the workplace. It was humbling to be

among the industry’s most influentialpeople as they presented the latest inelectrical saety technology and practices.

BUILDING SAFETY INTO

DESIGN PROCESS

One recurring theme was the concepto saety by design, which the National

Institute or Occupational Saetyand Health defines as “addressingoccupational saety and health needs

in the design process to prevent orminimize work-related hazards.”

An example o this concept was appliedto the voltage-testing process by

designing equipment with an installedtesting instrument rather than relyingon a manual testing device. Tis reducesexposure to electrical hazards andremoves the possibility o human error.

While the technical aspects o saetyby design are most commonly applied

by engineers, its undamental premisecan be applied to occupations acrossthe electrical industry to saeguardemployees and consumers. Central tothis approach is the enorcement o codesand standards such as NFPA 70E and theNational Electrical Code® (NEC). Let’sexamine how these codes and standardscreate the blueprint or design orelectrical saety in the field and at home.

Examples o code-driven saety

technology advancements includearc-ault circuit interrupters (AFCIs),ground-ault circuit interrupters (GFCIand tamper-resistant receptacles (RRsTese three devices have been provento save lives by eliminating electricalfires and instances o electrical shock,and application o these devices and theareas requiring their protection continuto expand with subsequent versionso the NEC.

Despite the capacity o the NEC to

save lives and property, however, some jurisdictions resist the timely adoptiono the newest edition, which precludesconstituents rom benefiting rom thelatest advancements in electrical saety.As an industry, we must conront thesecode adoption threats by educatingpolicymakers and the public about thebenefits o ull and timely adoptiono the NEC.

Codes and standards such as NFPA 70Eand the NEC are the cornerstone or

eliminating electrical hazards in ourday-to-day lives. In the spirit o NationaElectrical Saety Month, make sureNFPA 70E is ollowed in your workplacand leverage your influence by helpingraise awareness about the importance othe NEC.

Visit www.esfi.org or resourceshighlighting NFPA 70E concepts andwww.nema.org or more inormation onits Code Adoption Initiative. ei

Ű National Electrical Safety Month: Achieving Safety through DesignBrett Brenner, President of the Electrical Safety Foundation International

DESIGN YOUR SAFETY CULTURE

NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safetyin the Workplace provides requirements

or protecting personnel by reducing

exposure to major electrical hazards. Key

principles outlined in NFPA 70E include

lockout/tagout processes, the proper use

o personal protective equipment, and

veriying that equipment is de-energized

beore work is perormed (also known as

the “test beore you touch” method).

Brett Brenner

Failure to comply with these practices

contributes to an estimated 187

electricity-related workplace atalities

per year, according to the Occupational

Saety and Health Administration.

Creating a workplace culture that

eliminates complacency by continually

reinorcing the importance o the

principles outlined in NFPA 70E can help

minimize the risk o electrical injuries

and atalities.

Te NEC is the benchmark or sae

electrical design, installation, and

inspection to protect people and

property rom electrical hazards. It is

revised every three years to incorporate

new advances in electrical saety

technologies, improved installation and

saety practices, and critical saeguards

or consumers and electrical workers.


Views

http://www.esfi.org/http://www.nema.org/http://www.nema.org/http://www.esfi.org/

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Te uture o medical imaging remains

bright. echnological inventionssuch as computed tomography (C),magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),positron emission tomography (PE),and ultrasound, have revolutionizedthe field over the last our decades; newinnovations will keep it at the oreronto patient care.

Te rapid growth o imaging and itsassociated costs receives much attentionrom policymakers, but the positiveimpact o imaging in early detection,

patient management, and minimallyinvasive treatments across a broadspectrum o diseases is ofen overlooked.

INCREASED USE OF IMAGING

Radiologists have worked closely withoncologists, physicists, and equipmentmanuacturers to optimize dose andmaintain rigorous standards o practicethrough initiatives such as Image Wiselyand Image Gently. Many actors willcontinue to influence medical imagingutilization and promote increased use:

• Growth o aging population. Tepopulation o individuals over age 65is expected to nearly double by 2050,likely leading to increased utilizationo medical imaging.

• Te Patient Protection andAffordable Care Act. Tis legislationhas provided imaging access tomillions o Americans who werepreviously uninsured.

• Deensive medicine. Unless there

is tort reorm at the national level,physicians will continue to orderexcessive tests to avoid malpracticeliability.

• Consumerism. Easy access toinormation through the Internetencourages patients to demandimaging tests when they may not bemedically indicated.

Ű Innovation Defines the Future of Medical ImagingVijay M. Rao, MD, FACR, Chairwoman, Radiological Society of North America Board of Directors

• Increased interest in screening.

Recently, the Centers or Medicare &Medicaid Services (CMS) approvedreimbursement or low-dose lungcancer screening or eligible candidates.

• echnological innovation. Precisionimaging has given rise to manyexciting technologies. Digital imagesare rich in data and tend towarddeveloping powerul imagingbiomarkers. Combining imagingbiomarkers with genomic inormationmay increase imaging utilization,

as will popular technologies like 3Dbreast tomosynthesis.

Vijay M. Rao, MD

DECREASED USE OF IMAGING

Tere are also actors that may lead toreduced imaging use:

• Utilization management strategies.Commercial payers already useradiology benefits managementcompanies. CMS recently mandatedthat physicians ordering high-end

studies or Medicare outpatients andemergency patients in the utureemploy appropriate use criteria via aclinical decision support system.

• High-deductible health plans. Itis estimated that one-quarter o allworkers in the U.S. are enrolled inhigh-deductible health plans. Patientsmay avoid expensive imaging testssuch as C, MRI, and PE.

• Accountable care organizations

(ACOs) and bundled payments.Te number o ACOs is rapidlyincreasing. Tese organizations

voluntarily coordinate care andtie reimbursements to metrics andreductions in the cost o care. Bundlepayments reer to a single aggregatepayment or all health servicesrelated to an episode o care. Tesenew payment models put downwardpressure on use o imaging.

• Evidence-based imaging. A large

number o national medical societiesparticipated in the Choosing Wiselycampaign in an attempt to identiytests that are overused or should notbe perormed at all. Te vast majoritywere imaging related.

• Concerns about radiation. Tepotential risks o radiation rom Cscans have been highly publicized anmay lead to avoidance o tests.

• Reducing duplicative studies. As vendors increasingly adopt standards

or interoperability and cloud-basedsolutions allow sharing images acrosshealth systems, duplication will bereduced.

While a variety o influences willdetermine the course o imaging inthe uture, innovation will continueto transorm the way diseases arediagnosed, treated, and monitored.It will take imaging into molecular,genomic, and precision medicine.Computers will continue to be adisruptive orce, especially in exploring

the potential or cognitive learning. Terole o physicians, including radiologistwill continue to evolve, and the onlyconstant will be change. ei

Dr. Rao is the David C. Levin Professorand Department of Radiology Chairat Jefferson Medical College of Tomas

Jefferson University.


Views

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Ű After Multi-Year NEMA Effort, CBP Has Clear Authority to Share

Section 302 o the rade Facilitation andrade Enorcement Act, signed into law

in February, resolves legal uncertaintyand strengthens the authority o U.S.Customs and Border Protection (CBP) toshare inormation and product sampleswith U.S. electroindustry companies andothers who ace a threat o countereitproducts entering the U.S.

As part o a multiple-Congress effortto pass a bill reauthorizing the tradeunctions o CBP, NEMA advocatedconsistently or the inclusion o languagenecessary to ensure that the agency

can cooperate efficiently and effectivelywith U.S. holders o copyrights andtrademarks to prevent importation oake products.

NEMA action was necessary or severalreasons. First, several NEMA membercompanies and particular producttypes have been victims o importationo countereit products. Tese includecircuit breakers, batteries, extensioncords, receptacles, ground ault circuitinterrupters, light bulbs, and grounding

rods. In addition to the damagecountereits can do to sales, countereitproducts are usually unsae because theyhave not been built to meet applicablestandards.

Second, due to a conflicting interpretationo the rade Secrets Act , several years agoCBP ceased sharing with U.S. companies,or verification purposes, the images andsamples o suspected countereit productsthey detained.

Te effort to rectiy this situation beganto bear ruit in December 2012. At thattime, a section in Rep. Kevin Brady’sproposed Customs rade Facilitationand Enorcement Act would permit CBP,with conditions, to “provide to the ownero a copyright or a registered mark…to assist [CBP] in determining whetherthe merchandise, packaging, or packingmaterial inringes the copyright or bears

or consists o a countereit mark o theregistered mark.”

Te ollowing spring, NEMA GeneralCounsel Clark Silcox testified beore theU.S. Senate Committee on Finance insupport o a similar provision includedin the Senate version o the bill. Mr.Silcox cited in particular that labelingo some countereit products cansuccessully simulate the labeling on agenuine product. Tus, it can be difficultto tell the difference by visual inspection.

“Tere are situations where it can be

very difficult or a [CBP] port official todetermine whether a suspect productis genuine or countereit,” he told thecommittee. “A look under the hood, soto speak, may be required.” Sharing andinspection o product samples by CBP,not just photographs, can be essential.

While NEMA continued its educationeffort on the Hill, the vital inormation-sharing provision waited or pent-updemand or trade legislation to builduntil the 114th Congress in 2015. Open

consideration o the bill in the Houseand Senate began in the spring, but final

compromise and passage was not secureuntil this year.

Section 302, “Exchange o InormationRelated to rade Enorcement,”authorizes CBP to share with rightsholders images or samples o suspectedmerchandise prior to ormal seizureby CBP, including any inormationappearing on the merchandise and itspackaging and labels.

In an April meeting with manuacturerabout the new law, Michael Walsh,Director o Intellectual Property Rights

(IPR) Policy and Programs or CBP (anagency o the Department o HomelandSecurity), explained several additionalprovisions that will help CBP cooperatewith legitimate traders to catch illegaltrade. Tese include better coordinationamong CBP experts organized in

virtual centers and with the NationalIntellectual Property Rights Center, aswell as creation o a joint strategic planor IPR enorcement. ei

Craig Updyke, Director, rad

and Commercial Affairs, [email protected]

NEMA PAC—your industry’s voice

The NEMA Political Action Committee

(NEMA PAC) is a key component of our

industry’s policy advocacy.

Through NEMA PAC, industry leaders pool

resources to support House and Senate

candidates who

• champion issues for the electrical

equipment and medical imaging industries

and

• demonstrate a record of support for public

policy issues impacting our industry.

NEMA PAC is bipartisan. Formed in 1998,

it is the only entity that focuses exclusively

on candidates that impact the electrical

equipment and medical imaging industries.

Make a diference in

how public policyis shaped

To learn more about NEMA PAC, visit

www.nema.org/NEMA-PAC


Government Relations Update

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Ű Advocating for Safer Lithium Coin BatteriesLithium coin batteries are ubiquitousin today’s consumer-centric America.Everything rom your wrist watch to yourgarage door opener—not to mention theseemingly endless variety o electronictoys or grown-ups and kids alike—mightrun on coin cells. Te number grows eachyear—a good trend or the consumerwhose lie is becoming more integratedwith (and dare I say dependent on?)portable electronic devices.

Lithium coin batteries come in varioussizes. More than 95 percent measure20 mm, which is a little smaller thana quarter, fitting nicely into smallerelectronics devices. While an advantage insome applications, the smaller size poses ahazard or young children who put themin their mouths. When swallowed, thecells usually pass through the digestive

tract without incident. Occasionally,however, the lithium coin batteries canlodge in the esophagus. In as little as 30minutes, the battery voltage begins tobreak down water molecules in the saliva,leading to a high pH substance ormationthat can damage esophageal tissue.

From the time when NEMA membercompanies became aware o thehazard, they engaged in a five-prongedapproach to mitigate lithium coiningestion: education/outreach, batterycompartment design, warning copy,packaging, and battery design. Tanksin part to these efforts, the number oreported incidents has decreased since2010, even as the number o coin cellsdistributed dramatically increased overthe same period.

Over the last 18 months, NEMA memberhave been involved in revising theindustry standard or lithium batterysaety to include labeling and packagingrequirements. As part o this, NEMAdeveloped a new icon that will appear onthe blister card and will be engraved onlithium coin batteries. It will more clearlyconvey (to supervising adults) the preseno an ingestion hazard or children.

As an American consumer, I certainlyappreciate the effort and innovation thawent into developing lithium coin celltechnology. But as an American parent,appreciate even more the industry efforto make the batteries saer. ei

Jonathan Stewart, GovernmeRelations Manager, NEMA

[email protected]


Government Relations Update

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Over the past decade, utilities throughout the United States have been

installing smart metering networks to automate the collection of ener

and water usage data. Thus far, these smart meter networks have succeede

primarily in reducing costs, increasing efficiencies, and improving custome

service. They have not yet provided a robust, intelligent technology platform

to enable a broader array of applications to improve the safety, reliability,

and efficiency of the power grid.

Greatly increased affordability o computing power or edgedevices, coupled with significant advancements in sofware-defined communications and the evolution o standards-basednetwork architecture, has redefined what is possible or manygrid operations–use cases.

By combining these technology attributes in a unified platormsignificant improvements in grid operations can be achieved,substantially increasing the return on investment or smartmetering technology and network inrastructure. Tis includeusing smart meters as advanced grid sensors to identiypotentially unsae grid conditions that until now have been verdifficult to detect in either a practical or cost-effective way.

Stopping Hot Spots ColdAccording to the Electrical Saety Foundation International(ESFI), home electrical fires account or an estimated 51,000fires each year, nearly 500 deaths, more than 1,400 injuries,and $1.3 billion in property damage in the U.S. Specifically, arcaults are responsible or starting more than 28,000 home fireskilling and injuring hundreds o people, and causing over $700million in property damage in the U.S. alone.

Electrical fires have numerous causes, most o which are beyona utility’s ability to address. But what does keep utility personnawake at night is the saety concerns associated with high-impedance connections (HICs) on their distribution networksHICs or “hot spots” on the low-voltage distribution system orat the customer premise represent an ongoing saety risk andcontributor to these statistics, while also causing customer

voltage problems, equipment damage, and utility energ y losses

Smart Meters Graduate to Intelligent Sensorsin Brave, New, Interconnected World

Tim Wolf, Director of Marketing, Smart Grid Solutions, Itron In

Grid Safety:

Using smart meters as advanced grid sensors can identify unsafe conditions such as hot spots,

theft, and outages.

By continuously analyzing changes in electricity current flows and voltage levels in

the distribution network, utilities can quickly respond to potential safety hazards.

Photos courtesy of Itron


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Even with current smart metering technology, detecting energthef can be an inefficient and laborious exercise o analyzingmeter alarms and historical data rom disparate systems anddrawing inerences about where diversion may be taking placeWith distributed intelligence added to the mix, diversiondetection is now based on real time; continuous and localized

analysis o changes in electricity current flows and voltagelevels in the distribution network quickly distinguish legitimatmetered loads rom thef.

Tis results in a 300-percent increase in the accuracy andreliability o energy thef detection, meaning that utilities candispatch field personnel more quickly and effectively to not onlrecover lost revenue but also quickly respond to potential saethazards on their grid.

Like energy thef detection, the current state o outage detectiowith the smart metering network is still an inerential exercisebased on how many affected meters can successully transmit“last-gasp” outage messages over the network, how many othose reach the utility, and the filtering and analysis continuesrom there. Tis process is still hampered by lack o an accuratconnectivity model that associates meters and distributionsystem assets.

By combining locational awareness on the grid with peer-to-pecommunications at the edge o the network, a new generation osmart meters systematically and continually evaluates the statuo nearby meters and devices to quickly localize outage eventsand report reliable and actionable inormation back to the utilitin near-real time. Tis includes the scale and location o theoutage and affected meters and transormers, accelerating outagdetection and analysis by 50 percent or more.

Tese are just some o the use cases now possible to improvegrid efficiency, saety, and reliability with a next-generation

distributed computing platorm. With an open applicationenvironment, the platorm drives energy managementinnovation rom a broad ecosystem o technology providers.Te potential o this platorm, operating on a multi-applicationnetwork, only increases as the smart grid and smart citiesmarkets converge in this brave, new Io world. ei

Mr. Wolf is responsible for marketing and communications forItron’s global electricity and smart grid businesses. He is a regula

presenter at industry conferences and writer in the industrytrade press.

An HIC is simply a poor electrical connection that can becreated when splicing, tapping, or connecting wires; whenoliage touches a line; or when a conductor or powerline ails.

When current is drawn through an HIC, heating occurs due toincreased resistance, and voltage drops across the connection.As heating continues, the connection is urther degraded, andthis causes energy losses and the HIC to worsen over time.Symptoms start as voltage problems but can deteriorate topower outages and fires. Until now, there has been no practicalway or utilities to identiy and resolve these issues untilthey become more serious, with voltage problems, a downedconductor, or even a fire.

So how does this new generation o smart metering technologyaddress this important saety issue? Te combination odistributed computing power and new communicationscapabilities in meters and edge devices provides a practicaland cost-effective solution or utilities to identiy these losses,

voltage anomalies, and potential saety issues beore theybecome a saety hazard or a costly liability.

By continually analyzing high-resolution data about currentflows and voltage in the local distribution system andcommunicating with neighboring meters through peer-to-peer communications to “compare notes,” this new generationo smart meters can continually and ubiquitously calculateand monitor impedance and quickly notiy the utility o thepresence and location o HICs.

Tis new generation o smart meters and grid edge devicesare smart enough to know exactly where they are on theutility distribution system in relation to transormers, phases,

eeders, and other devices. Tis location-awareness capabilityopens up an entirely new rontier o smart grid–use cases thatwere previously hobbled by the lack o a continually accurateconnectivity model.

Is this technology a panacea or preventing electrical fires in thehome or business? No, but by using a new generation o smartmeters as intelligent grid sensors, capable o analyzing lots odata in real time at the edge o the network and taking action,utilities have a powerul new tool or addressing one saety issuethat has not, thus ar, been easy or cost-effective to solve.

Spotting Theft, Outages in Real TimeHot-spot detection is just one use case related to grid and publicsaety. Power outages and thef o electricity have a significantfinancial impact on utilities, businesses, and consumers,representing hundreds o billions o dollars in lost revenue andeconomic productivity worldwide. Both also present saetychallenges or utilities and the public. Electricity thef creates adangerous environment or perpetrators, utility personnel, andthe public alike, while power outages bring orth both direct andindirect public saety issues. So it’s in everyone’s interest to reduceenergy thef and the requency and duration o power outages.

By combining locational awareness on the grid with

peer-to-peer communications at the edge of the

network, a new generation of smart meters...report

reliable and actionable information back to the utility

in near-real time.


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Taking the Temperature of SafetyOne method o sel-checking a connection would be to takeits temperature. Current-carrying connections can loosenthe rough surace o the conductor. As parts loosen, relativelyewer peaks touch each other. Since connection resistance isproportional to the area over which the current passes, theresistance o the junction rises. Since energy loss throughresistance is proportional to the resistance, the heating o thatconnection increases. See figure 1.

While this resistance does increase, however, it is still a smallraction o the total circuit resistance that is nearly imperceptibat the source. With such a small increase in series resistance,total load current does not decrease. Tis same magnitude ocurrent flowing through a higher resistance creates more voltagdrop and more heat; it is this heat that can be detected.

I allowed to persist, heating at the point o contact betweenconductors can rise above the boiling point o the metal andthe metal will vaporize, urther degrading the connectionby reducing the surace area o contact urther. Te ullload current then flows through this high temperature, andionized gas orms an arc. Because arc temperatures ar exceedthe boiling point o any known material, destruction o theconnectors accelerates as remaining contact material vaporize

Adding ProtectionOne solution to this problem might be to detect the temperatu

rise within an outlet. UL places limits on these temperaturesand they can be monitored. I these limits were approached orexceeded, that could indicate a developing ailure mechanismwithin the wiring device.

Te cost to add any technology must be scrutinized to besure there are not any less costly ways o providing the sameprotection. But the cost to include temperature protection woulnot need to be excessive. In act , since the conductors usedinside wiring devices are excellent thermal conductors as well aelectrical conductors, careul placement o a temperature sensomight allow it to detect problems on either end o the conductoTis would allow a single sensor to detect loosening at any poin

along the conductor. Protecting the hot and the neutral wouldrequire two sensors.

The cost of microprocessors, temperature sensors, and electronic current

sensors has decreased dramatically in the last 10 to 15 years. While much

attention has been focused on using microprocessors to connect devices to

a network, many of the use cases for residential device communication have

focused more on lifestyle or convenience and perhaps less on human safety

or property preservation. Having a washing machine email a user when a

load is done only begins to hint at the safety potential that a smarter device

could provide.

Consider the home electrical saety systems built around circuitbreakers, ground-ault circuit interrupters (GFCIs), arc-aultcircuit interrupters (AFCIs), and wiring devices that, today,largely do not examine the quality o the connections made tothem. Here is what could happen i connections were able to

sel-check:

• Wiring devices could detect an improperly loose or otherwisedamaged plug and alert or even trip the load off. By identiyingthis problem, overheating connections that degrade to thepoint o causing a fire could be prevented. An alerting devicecould provide the additional benefit o allowing the user totake action to mitigate the ailure o the circuit.

• Internal behind-the-wall connections to the wiring devicecould be monitored or loose or loosening connections.echnology exists to detect problems even beore arcingbegins, providing even earlier detection o problems than thatprovided by standard AFCI systems. Detecting a problem

beore an arc occurs also has benefits or applications installednear combustible or explosive atmospheres.

Intelligent Devices Enhance Safety, PropertyDave Loucks, PhD, Manager, Application & Advanced System Engineering, Eato

Figure 1 Metal-to-metal connections showing surface roughness reducing the contact surface area

Figure 2 Loose

connection at wiring

device resulted in

overheating of the

terminal.


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Going urther, a control circuit within the outlet could beadded to alert appropriate personnel by suitable means o theimpending problem that would be leading to imminent trippino the load. For medical or ood storage applications, thebenefits o this additional technology are clear.

Tese application ideas only scratch the surace o the potentiasaety and property preservation benefits that a more intelligencircuit-protective device could provide. Electrical distributionsystem components are now at the threshold o providing these

and even more exciting saety eatures. ei

Dr. Loucks, a senior member of IEEE, is a registered professionaengineer and Certified Energy Manager®.

Another justification or this technology is evident in severeduty environments. Wiring devices can ace accelerateddegradation and shortened lie i they are subject to severeservice, e.g., environmental contaminants, repeated use, oreven damaged plugs. Since remaining lie is a unction o theenvironment, it may not be easily determined based on numbers

o uses. I, or example, a plug was repeatedly inserted andwithdrawn rom an outlet, the number o operations could beused as a proxy or remaining lie. However, i a plug coveredwith abrasive debris were repeated inserted into an outlet,the wear on the suraces would be accelerated. In this case, itwould be more difficult to predict end o lie based solely on thenumber plugging operations.

Using a temperature-protected wiring device could provideadditional protection against accelerated degradation andprevent unsae operation o a device beyond its end o lie. Teuncertainty related to holding orce could be reduced i theoutlet were sel-protecting.

Figure 3 GFCI burned

at face-load side due

to loose plug retention

(past end of life)

Figure 4 Thermal

protection in outlet co

detect loose connectio

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communications and middleware portolio allows or quickeradoption by HDO users and satisaction by patients.

Optimizing Workflowo optimize workflow at the point o care, here are some specifiareas that the HDO needs to consider:

• Linking mission critical systems with mobilecommunication: A ew minutes can be all the difference orthe chance o survival, recovery time, and length o stay in aacute care setting.

• Connecting the patient to the caregiver: Enterprise-class,onsite wireless communication and messaging systems arewidely known to effectively optimize staff workflow and

enhance staff/patient communications and satisaction.• Clinical systems integration: Wireless communications

enable automatically notification when lab results are ready.

• Medical technical alarms: Nurse-call systems that arecombined with wireless communication solutions can speed uresponse times to alarms rom medical monitoring equipmen

• Personal saety: With a ully implemented distributed alarmsystem, the initiator o a personal saety alarm can even knothat somebody has received it and will respond.

With the increase in patient care needs, clinical staffing challenges, and

rising costs of care delivery, there is pressure on healthcare delivery

organizations to rely on technology solutions to help efficiently deliver

care. In the modern healthcare environment, an optimized workflow allows

caregivers to respond faster to dynamic demands at the point of care and to

make decisions more efficiently.

Figure 1 depicts a simplified perspective o the varioussystems that are typically ound in today’s healthcare deliveryorganization (HDO) ecosphere. Tese and other systems canbe integrated to operate with each other to varying degrees.Some systems can be provided by a single-source manuacturer(e.g., nurse call, wireless communicators, and middleware), orall systems can be provided individually and then integratedby either HDO I staff or by a contracted third-party systemsintegrator.

Whichever way the system is delivered and integrated, thechallenges o eliminating or significantly reducing the risks

associated with interoperability hazards reside primarily withthe interaces between all systems and the cooperation amongsource providers, including those who provide integrationservices. Tereore, to achieve and implement the most effectiveand optimized healthcare delivery environment, the HDO mustbe an educated consumer and user o all I technologies withwhich they are investing.

o optimize workflow at the point o care, the HDO mustnaturally look into maximizing the potential o all healthcaredelivery resources and investments. It begins with input rom across-section o HDO staff, whose eedback orms a critical parto the process. Teir eedback can drive innovations to nurse call

system unctionality, messaging middleware, and wireless voiceand messaging devices where product design can be ocused oncreating efficient workflows. Te overall goal is to provide thesaest and most effective patient care solution possible.

From a nurse call, middleware, and wireless communicationsperspective, simpliying the healthcare delivery process meansthat nurse staff stations, staff consoles, and wireless devices needto perorm in unison and have a consistent user interace. Asystem with a common look and eel across the entire nurse call

Dynamic Healthcare

Communications

Begin with Optimized

WorkflowDan DeHanes, Global Product Compliance, Codes, andStandards Leader, Ascom Wireless Solutions

Ascom Wireless solutions is a member of the NEMA Business Innovation Council.

An enterprise-class, onsite wireless communication and messaging system is an ideal solution for

healthcare delivery organizations. Photo courtesy of Ascom Wireless Solutions


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Figure 1: Interoperable healthcare communication system ecosphere

• Systems and acility technical alarms: For staff involvedwith acilities management or maintenance, a wirelesscommunication system enables quicker response to technicalalarms such as low or aulted battery at medical electricalequipment.

All o these concerns have one common denominator: an alarmevent or workflow request can be directed to a specific point ocare attendant, while effectively addressing and eliminating theever-present and growing problem o alarm atigue.

Standardizing ComplianceIn addition to being an educated consumer and user o Itechnologies, the HDO must also be compliant with allgoverning regulations and codes. While a large number ostandards exists that effectively address user and electrical saetyhazards and risks, there is no single standard that pulls togetherall saety concerns or defines a singular consensus method orcompliance. Nevertheless, it remains the responsibility o theHDO to effectively implement, manage, and place into serviceall systems that are integrated to interoperate with each other.

A good place or the HDO to start is with ANSI/AAMI/IEC 80001-1 Application of risk management for I Networksincorporating medical devices —Part 1: Roles, responsibilitiesand activities. Tis standard addresses the risk managementpractices that need to be ollowed by the HDO to ensure clinicalI ecosphere saety, effectiveness, and data and system security.

NFPA 99 Health Care Facilities Code defines requirements or alisted nurse call system and integrated wireless communicationssystem. Tis code is most ofen reerred to in state codes, either

in whole or in part, or may even be extrapolated or adopteddirectly into code legislation. An installed nurse call system inCategory 1 and 2 acilities (i.e., acute care and nursing homes,respectively) must be NRL-listed to ANSI/UL 1069 SafetyStandard for Hospital Signaling and Nurse Call Equipment .

ANSI/IEC 80001-2-5 Guidance on Distributed Alarm Systems provides insight about the implementation and interacerisks associated with interoperable hospital communicationsystems. An effective healthcare communication system thatemploys wireless communication technology should providethe architecture and operational capabilities described inthis document. Te HDO is well advised to apply its riskmanagement requirements, especially those that apply to theinteraces between the described architectural elements.

Te ANSI/IEC 60601 Medical Electr ical Equipment and Systemamily o standards addresses the saety requirements ormedical electrical equipment and medical electrical systemsthat can be connected to patients, while the ANSI/IEC60950 standard addresses the electrical saety requirementsor inormation technology equipment that can be used oradditional interoperable purposes.

Collectively, all o these codes, standards, and regulations serveto provide a highly effective structure toward guaranteeing saeand effective implementation and use o interoperable medicalelectrical systems and healthcare communication technologies.

Mr. DeHanes, echnical Committee Chair for the NEMAHospital Communications Section, is also NEMA’s representativon the NFPA 99 Electrical Systems echnical Committee and amember of the ANSI/UL 1069 Standards echnical Panel.


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Proper ServicingOne way to avoid these problems is to certiy that the peopleservicing medical imaging devices are properly trained and usreliable, compatible parts. Tere are several key components oproper servicing:

• Perorm regular preventive maintenance. Preventivemaintenance helps to ensure optimal system perormance anidentiy potential ailures beore they occur.

• Keep sofware up to date. Up-to-date sofware improvesperormance and reliability.

• Use proper parts. Parts that are sourced rom qualified

suppliers, meet all original equipment manuacturer’srequirements, and have the latest firmware revisions protectagainst system ailure and injuries.

• Properly train service technicians. A good service techniciais capable o proper installation and calibration o delicate andangerous parts as well as proper maintenance and inspectio

Placing Personal Safety Firstoday, only manuacturers registered with the Food and DrugAdministration are required to meet a clear set o regulationsoutlining an extensive quality management program intended

to make certain that equipment operates saely and reliably.Otherwise, almost anyone could start a business servicingcomplex medical equipment with no ormal training, qualityprogram, or parts control system.

I you are boarding a flight, don’t you want the plane’smechanics to have been properly trained? Tere’s no reason orcomplex, high-powered medical imaging devices to be held toa different standard. When you or a loved one has a medicalscan, don’t you expect that the device has been maintained byproperly trained personnel using appropriately sourced parts?Would you find it acceptable to be scanned by a device that hasbeen maintained with no quality standards or regulations?

Te MIA Service Committee is currently developing astandard that clearly outlines what must be included in a propeservicing program. Te standard will help medical acilitiesunderstand what they need to require o their service providerto maintain sae and effective medical imaging devices. Tegoal is that all service providers meet the same standard to besensure patient saety and device perormance. We want to seethe proper results every time a patient is imaged to provide anaccurate and timely diagnosis. Such a program will protect theinterests o both the patient and medical acility. ei

Mr. Nestel chairs the MIA Service Committee.

Over the past century, the miracle o medical imaging hasallowed or previously impossible insights into the structureand unction o the human body. Rapid advances in science andtechnology have given us some o the most complex medicaldevices ever invented.

Computed tomography (C) imaging uses radiation emittedrom thousands o pounds o complex electronics spinningaround the human body at more than 60 mph. Ultrasounduses soundwaves generated by electronics which are pressedagainst the body. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) useshigh-powered electromagnets 7,500 times stronger than Earth’smagnetic field, immersed in cryogenic liquids to view sof tissue

inside the human body. While these technologies are widelyavailable and routinely prescribed, their operation and use is notto be taken lightly.

Rigorous training aimed at developing a nuancedunderstanding o these devices is critical or anyone openingthem up or purposes o maintenance or service. Properlymaintaining them requires a detailed understanding o eachcomponent as well as the overall unction o the machine.Unortunately, not all medical imaging devices are alwaysproperly serviced; this has potentially significant implicationsor patient saety and diagnostic efficacy.

What would happen i the transducer on an ultrasoundmachine were not properly calibrated? Or i the radiationcalibration on a C scanner were perormed incorrectly? Ori the super-cooled liquids in an MRI weren’t properly vented?One can imagine the potential harm to patient or physician.Further, what i the image rom the scan comes out blurry? Ori a lesion is missed because it is obscured by an incorrect part?Tis would mean more time and money spent getting tests orthe patient or, worse, a missed diagnosis.

Get the Picture?Proper Servicing of Imaging Equipment Ensures Accurate and Safe Diagnoses

Jim Nestel, Manager Service Projects and Installations, Hitachi Medical System


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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a development of the worldwide web in

which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to

send and receive data. The IoT becomes a network of devices, vehicles,

buildings, and even people embedded with electronics, software, sensors/

actuators, and network connectivity to enable these objects to collect and

exchange data.

Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embeddedcomputing system and interoperable within the existing internetinrastructure. Te Io is expected to expand to 30 billion

objects by 2020. For homes, smart systems can deliversignificant benefits, including improved security, saety,convenience, efficiency, and financial savings.

Connecting Home to HealthFor security, a connected system can detect and prevent break-ins by simulating occupancy with pre-programmed or randomlight-switching sequences or sounds, such as a simulatedbarking dog that moves rom room to room when the system

detects motion on the property. A plug-load controller can evedetect when an expensive appliance is unplugged and report itto the owner through the internet.

Networked receptacles and circuit breakers can provide accuraelectrical ault coverage and predict—and prevent—fires.Monitoring urnace an motor and pool pump current candetect clogged filters to help keep air and water quality high.

Tis same network can prevent fires and shocks, monitor healtprovide early warnings, deliver better and aster healthcare(especially in remote areas), monitor amily activities when

homeowners are away, and monitor senior relatives or healthemergencies. In all these areas, the Io can predict problems,rather than just detect them.

By monitoring and logging health indicators such as bloodpressure and quality, heart rate, sleep patterns, and diet, majorhealth degradation can be predicted to enable prevention.Monitoring can reveal aberrations rom normal behavior osenior evening activities such as V viewing, night-time activitiesuch as lights, and morning activities such as using a coffeemake

Creating a Safer, Connected Home

with the Internet of ThingsSteve Montgomery, Chief Operating Officer of 2D2C, Inc, and Chairman, NEMA Internet of Things Council

NEMA@HONEMA electroindustry • M

NEMAHOME

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Improving EfficiencyIn many cases, a smart residential system can pay or itsel.A homeowner can save money on insurance premiums orhomes equipped with water-leak detection, fire prevention, andunattended stove shut-off systems. Home energy managementcan minimize energy consumption by appliances andenvironmental control systems by adjusting or shutting themoff when not needed. Owners o rental properties can remotelygive door access to new tenants and automatically turn off airconditioning, entertainment systems, and spa pumps.

Te Io can extend the lie o appliances through power qualitymonitoring and protection. For example, it can use lightning

orecasts to switch offpower eeds to appliances

beore electrical surgescause damage. Modernhome systems cancontrol lights, shut offappliances, set music,or even do research bycellphone apps, rom aninternet browser, or by

voice commands.

Networked lightswitches andreceptacles enableremote control o lightsin a dark house. Excesscurrent in appliance

motors can indicatebad motor bearingswhile they are stillrepairable. Appliancescan be scheduled to

shorten the time neededto get ready or work or

to prepare a meal. Smart appliances or smart receptacles canprovide predictive maintenance and energy comparisons o anmotors, pumps, white appliances, and home theatre systems,and they can even estimate the payback rom purchasing newenergy-efficient appliances.

Balancing Efficiency with PracticalitySome manuacturers are embedding internet connectivity intohigh-end models o white appliances to achieve some o thesebenefits. Smart devices may consume more energy to operatebecause o the communication port. Since networked modelscost substantially more than traditional ones, and consideringthe extraordinarily low-cost design requirements o smallerappliances, we may never see smart controls on desk lamps,portable kitchen appliances, space heaters, or electric tools.

Te connected approach has risks. Cloud data storage andcommunication portals depend on the reliability o the interneconnection. In some locations, the internet may be getting astbut less reliable due to cost-cutting measures such as wirelessline sharing. A connected system should store decision criteriaand load control schedules in a gateway inside the home and

should have alternative communication access to the internet.

Network access security is important too. Quick smart producdevelopment requirements ofen sideline system security andlongevity issues. For example, i you use the same network oryour personal computing and your automated monitoring andcontrol system, then a hacker can potentially gather passwordsto your bank accounts by sneaking onto your network. Somesmart home area networks, such as ZigBee’s Smart EnergyProfile, use military-grade encryption and wil l only allowcommunication between pre-registered network node addresseto create high security.

Trading Benefits and WeaknessesSensors provide data about motion, occupancy, glass breakage,door and window openings, water leaks, light intensity,temperature, energy consumption, camera, and even applianceplug insertion or removal. Controllers turn power on and offor adjust settings on appliances, urnaces, air conditioners,space heaters, ans, pool pumps, water heaters, lighting, hometheatres, music, motorized blinds, door locks, and plug loads.

o be deemed intelligent, an appliance’s sensors and controllershould use internet protocol communication. Most computersuse internet protocol version 4 (IPv4), but IPv4 has run outo addresses. Its 32-bit address field only allowed our billionnodes. Te new IPv6 uses 128 bit addressing, which can suppomany more addresses (1038, or more than a billion times abillion times a billion more addresses than IPv4). Ethernet andZigBee now support IPv6.

Most smart home systems currently connect to the internetthrough an existing Ethernet network and a router.Nevertheless, inside the home, the system may use manydifferent communication hardware and protocols, includingWiFi, ZigBee, Zwave, Bluetooth Low Energy, EnOcean, RFID,Near Field Communication, and proprietary communications.Tese different sub-networks each trade off benefits versusweaknesses, such as low energy in exchange or low bandwidth

Te best intelligent home systems choose the bestcommunication method or each application. ei

Mr. Montgomery dedicates much of his work to improvingelectrical safety and has helped write several electrical safetystandards for UL and CSA, serves on the Canadian Boardof Directors for the International Association of ElectricalInspectors, and was one of the inventors of Out-of-ParameterCircuit Interrupters.

2 NEMA@HOMEEMA electroindustry • May 2016

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Electric Vehicle Charging Comes HomeCharles Botsford, PE, Chemical Engineer, AeroVironme

Of all the places to charge your electric vehicle (EV), your home is one of

the most important. Home charging is called the 80-percent solution,

which means that EV manufacturers and others estimate that 80 percent of

all EV charging occurs at home. The next-most-important place to charge is

where you work; public charging takes up the rest of the slack.

EV supply equipment (EVSE) comes in Level 1 (120V) and Level2 (240V). Te charger that comes in the trunk o an EV is Level1, although that may change to a dual Level 1/Level 2 charger. ALevel 1 charger is plugged into a 120V garage wall outlet. Sinceit will be charging at a rate o about a 1kW, it will take all night

(and then some) to charge your EV.

Level 2 EVSE, on the other hand, charges much aster (typically3 to 4 hours), depending how many miles were driven. Level 2EVSE usually requires an electrician-installed, dedicated circuitbreaker on a line that runs rom the house panel to the garage.Not to worry—this is now very common or electricians andcity planning departments (a permit is required). With a Level 2EVSE, charge time can be cut by a actor o three or a 16A EVSEor a actor o five or a 30A EVSE.

Residential EVSE have been non-networked up until now.Tat means you just plug in the EV and it starts charging. Italso means you don’t have access to data, charge scheduling,or tracking o electric utility rates. However, EVSE is beingintroduced that can track kilowatt hours used, monitor utilityrates, schedule charging to get the best rate, and make sure youEV is charged in the morning when you wake up.

Tat you are able to monitor and potentially control how youcharge your EV can enormously benefit the grid. It also enablesolar and wind power generation to integrate with traditionalpower plants much more easily and effectively.

One new benefit coming to EV residents in Caliornia andOregon is carbon credits through the states’ Low Carbon FuelStandards (LCFS) programs. Driving an EV means lowering youcarbon ootprint. In Caliornia, the utilities take the residentialcredits and transer that benefit back to the resident. ei

Mr. Botsford is a chemical engineer with a wide range ofexperience relative to electric vehicles, renewable energy systems

power electronics, oil refining, and air quality issues.

Prototype shown in home garage simulation. The pictures areresidential EVSE from a California Energy Commission program,

which funded the supply and installation of Level 2 EVSE.

NEMA@HONEMA electroindustry • M

NEMAHOME

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Te next step or the committee was to roll out a pilot programhosted in December at Montclair State University in New JerseTe final product will be fine-tuned using eedback rom thatprogram.. Approximately 40 officials rom campus, municipal,and industry affiliations across the Mid-Atlantic attended.Te response was very positive, with attendees indicating thatthere is a true need or this type o training. It leads traineesto better understand the benefits and necessity o effectivecommunications during fire and non-fire emergencies.

Te committee continues to meet to apply lessons learned andurther improve quality and content. Te committee, whichagrees on the need or more training opportunities, hopes tocontinue the partnership between NEMA and CCFS to offer thimportant training program in 2016 and beyond. Stay tuned omore details.

Many industry leaders support the MNS committee, includingRichard Roberts, Dan Finnegan, Maria Marks, Rodger

Reiswig, Susan Adam, Fred Santos, and Wayne Moore.CCFS board member im Knisely manages the project, withsupport rom Cathy abor (CCFS Director o Marketing andCommunications) and Bobby Ferrara (CCFS member) oMontclair State University.

Mr. Knisely is a director and project manager for the Center forCampus Fire Safety in Newburyport, Massachusetts. He hasworked in fire code enforcement and life safety education for 20

years, and emergency services for more than 30 years.

In 2015, NEMA and the Center for Campus Fire Safety (CCFS) collaborated

to establish an informational training program that combined mass

notification systems (MNS) and fire-safety training for college and university

officials. The overall goal of the partnership is to develop and deliver a

free training program in the major college markets across the country. The

objectives include raising the awareness of campus personnel and providing

resources for them to improve or create customized systems and programs.

Once the MNS committee identified its tasks, members spenta great deal o time developing individual presentations andconfirming that the content was appropriate or the intendedaudience. Te program was designed as two hal-day sessionsthat start with an introduction to MNS and the evolution oMNS in the code development process, ollowed by the history,purpose, and undamentals o MNS.

Te afernoon session offers a glimpse into the CCFS Fire-SmartCampus training, which includes a roadmap or creating acampus fire-saety program, as well as guidelines or building

partnerships. Te program strongly emphasizes methodsthat encourage all stakeholders (i.e., administrators, parents,landlords, students, and staff) to act as a team to overcomecommon problems and obstacles and to improve fire saety.

Mass Notification + Fire Safety Training =

Aware CampusesTim Knisely, Senior Fire Inspector, Centre Council of Governments

College officials learned the benefits of combined mass noti fication systems and fire-safety training

a one-day pilot program at Montclair State University. Photo by Susan Adams, Honeywell


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New Designation Facilitates Mass NotificationDenise L. Pappas, Executive Director, Technical Standards, Valcom, In

Gordon Bailey, Director, Engineering Services, Valcom, In

Changes to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) code on fire

alarms reflect a movement in the fire alarm world that acknowledges

the evolving role of technology. In 2010, NFPA changed the name of NFPA 72

from National Fire Alarm Code to National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code. The

change reflects significant changes and expansion in the 2010 edition.

NFPA technical committees reordered chapters o NFPA72 into logical sections that allow or uture expansion andadded chapter 24, “Emergency Communication Systems,”to detail what is required when a mass notification system isable to override an active fire alarm signal. While permitted,this override capability can only be used afer a complete riskassessment o the site has been completed.

Tis change is seen in this section o NFPA 72, 2010 edition:

24.4.1.7.2. When the fire a larm system has been activated,

and mass notification has been given priority over the firealarm system, a distinctive audible and visible indicationshall be provided at the building fire alarm control unit.

As the need or mass notification grew along with buildingsystem convergence, NFPA committees struggled with how toinclude Ethernet as a viable pathway option. Some committeemembers made attempts but ailed during the 2013 code-making process. Te majority had concerns with reliability andsurvivability o this type o pathway.

Afer 2013, NFPA ormed the Correlating Committee askGroup to develop a way to use Ethernet. Tis group includedmembers rom large-scale public inrastructure, fire alarmcompanies, engineering consultants, mass notification systemmanuacturers, end users, Building Industry Consulting Servic

International (BICSI), and UL. As a result o their efforts, thenew pathway designation o Class N was introduced into the2016 Code.

Pathfinding Class NWhat constitutes a Class N pathway? Class N is different romthe other class pathway designations in a number o ways. Teold pathway designations (Class A, B, and X) presumed a pair owires looped to multiple devices in parallel, a two-wire circuit.

According to the 2016 edition o NFPA 72, a Class N pathway ias defined below.

12.3.6 Class N. A pathway shall be designated as Class Nwhen it perorms as ollows:

(1) It includes two or more pathways where operationalcapability o the primary pathway and a redundantpathway to each device shall be verified through end-to-encommunication.

Exception: When only one device is served, only one pathwashall be required.


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Network inrastructure, i.e., components that make up a ClassN network, are not defined as “devices” by NFPA. Tey areconsidered transport equipment (e.g., switches, routers, andhubs) and do not require the specific supervision required orClass N endpoint devices. General supervision is provided,as they are part o the end-to-end supervision to the Class N

endpoint devices. Backup power is required or all Class Nnetwork transport equipment used or lie saety and, o courseor Class N devices.

As stated, a redundant pathway is not required where a Class Nendpoint device encompasses only one device or appliance. Onthe other hand, i an endpoint services more than one deviceor appliance downstream, it is required to have a redundantpathway. Te exception to this rule is illustrated in figure 2 bythe dotted line. Redundant pathways are not required inside anenclosure or raceway within 20 eet in the same room.

Figure 2 Redundant Pathways

Other considerations or Class N pathways are physicalseparation o redundant pathways and pathway survivabilitylevels. Class A and X are required to have their redundant

paths supervised. Class N does not require physical separationo redundant pathways, but local codes, design specifications,or the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) may require it.Pathway survivability levels are defined in NFPA 72, section12.4. Requirements are typically agreed upon by the designproessional and the AHJ or the specific project.

As the convergence o technology continues, Class N pathwaydesignations will evolve over the next several code cycles.Always consult your local AHJ and system designer whenimplementing any fire alarm system or mass notificationsystem/emergency communication system. ei

Ms. Pappas serves on NFPA 72, 101, 5000 echnical CommitteesNFPA 99 Correlating Committee, BICSI ESS Committee; BICSIWireless Standard Subcommittee Chair; and ICC echnicalCommittee. She is a published author and JM-certified speaker

Mr. Bailey has spent more than 30 years in thetelecommunications industry, designing and installing overhead

paging and sound systems.

(2) A loss o intended communications between endpointsshall be annunciated as a trouble signal.

(3) A single open, ground, short, or combination o aultson one pathway shall not affect any other pathway.

(4) Conditions that affect the operation o the primary

pathway(s) and redundant pathways(s) shall be annunciatedas a trouble signal when the system’s minimal operationalrequirements cannot be met.

(5) Primary and redundant pathways shall not be permittedto share traffic over the same physical segment.

Te Class N pathway opens up the opportunity to saely andreliably use modem network architectures or control unitsand devices, such as smoke detectors, strobes, pull stations,speakers, audio amplifiers, and digital signage. It offers a way toconverge mass notification systems with fire alarm systems toorm an emergency communication system.

Choosing the Right TechnologyNFPA 72 defines the requirements or Class N and allowsdesigners to choose the technology and techniques required tocomply with those requirements. A basic Class N application isdepicted in figure 1.

Figure 1 Class N Pathway

Te main control unit on the lef could be a fire alarm controlunit, autonomous control unit (or mass notification systems),or emergency communications control unit (see NFPA 72,chapter 24.) In this figure, there is a note to reerence thesupervision exception in the code or the 20-oot maximuminside a protected enclosure or raceway. Tis means that wherethe control unit is in the same room (and protected by conduit,

raceway, or enclosure) as the network switch, it does not requirea redundant network pathway to it. Redundant pathways areshown between switch 1 and switch 2 but only one path is shownbetween switch 2 and the endpoint devices. Tis illustrates thatwhen a section o Class N pathway services or controls only oneendpoint device, a redundant pathway is not required.

ElEvATINg SAFETy


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Code-adoption advocacy is channeled through the InsuranceInstitute or Business and Home Saety, an independent,nonprofit, scientific research and communications organizatiosupported solely by property insurers and reinsurers. It iscritical to the industry that codes and standards are adoptedand enorced, as written, without any amendments that reducesaety requirements.

A program developed by the Insurance Services Office, whichpromotes best practices in code adoption and enorcement,is the Building Code Effectiveness Grading Scale (BCEGS).Tis program evaluates building codes in effect in a particular

community and how the community enorces those codes. TeBCEGS community insurance rating can reduce insurancepremiums or property owners up to 25 percent. It can alsoresult in substantial discounts on premiums or flood insurancpolicies under the National Flood Insurance Program.

Te Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) usesBCEGS ratings to determine disaster recovery unding. oday,more than 20,800 communities participate in the BCEGSprogram, covering 87 percent o the U.S. population. Increasedproperty and flood insurance premiums, along with decreasedFEMA disaster recovery unding, can serve as a huge deterrenor a jurisdiction to delay adoption o construction codes or

to implement code amendments that reduce the electrical andfire saety.

Another insurance industry program related to electrical saetis the “increased cost o compliance” or “law and ordinance”coverage offered to policyholders in homes and buildings morethan five years old. In the event that a claim is filed to repair orrebuild a covered property, the increased cost o compliance orlaw and ordinance coverage will pay or electrical equipmentand system upgrades necessary to meet the most recentlypublished NEC and other electrical and alarm standards.

Te insurance industry remains an essential partner o the

electroindustry in its endeavor to promote electrical saety.With the availability o insurance to cover increased costs ocompliance with newer construction codes, home and businesowners can bring their properties to the most current electricasaety standards when repairs or rebuilding occurs. ei

Mr. Holland ([email protected]) has 20 years ofexperience in the electrical industry and has been a NEMA fieldrepresentative since 2014.

One sentence in the foreword to the 2015 edition of NFPA 70E Standard for

Electrical Safety in the Workplace posits, “It can be debated that all of the

requirements of the [National Electrical Code®], when traced through a chain

of events, relate to an electrical hazard.”

Tis is likely true or every code and standard developed or themanuacture and installation o electrical and alarm products.Tereore, it can be deduced that electrical and alarm productsmanuactured and installed in compliance with an applicablecode and standard significantly reduce or eliminate potentialhazards rom the use o electricity to persons and property.

Te insurance industry’s involvement in the development andpromulgation o electrical and alarm codes and standards datesback to the beginning o the electroindustry. In 1881, C.J.H.Woodbury o Factory Mutual Insurance reported at a meetingwith the New York Board o Fire Underwriters that “there were65 installations o electrical light in the mills insured by theManuacturers’ Mutual Insurance Companies o New England,which were ollowed by 23 fires in six months, presenting a mosthazardous and alarming condition o affairs.”

Tis meeting led to the publication o the first set o adoptedrules or the installation o electrical systems by a local

jurisdiction. Tat was October 19, 1881. Nearly 135 years later,the insurance industry still plays a major role in electrical saety.

Investing in ComplianceTe insurance industry has representatives on committeesat all levels o codes and standards development, includingNFPA code-making panels, UL standard technical panels, andInternational Code Council development committees. Manystates and local jurisdictions also have insurance industrypositions on their code councils. Te industry also serves as amajor source o inormation and guidance to legislators andlocal policymakers in the development o laws and rules that

regulate construction.

Te insurance industry has a vested interest in the property itcovers, thus ensuring that electrical and alarm systems complywith the most recently published editions o applicable codes.Tis is achieved through the industry’s endorsement o andsupport or the Coalition or Current Saety Codes and the three-year code adoption cycle.

Insurance Industry Promotes Best Practices

in Code Adoption and EnforcementBryan P. Holland, Southern Region Field Representative, NEM


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What is it like working during major storms?

A: Mississippi is prone to flooding, hurricanes, and tornadoes.During a recent storm, there were multiple tornadoes, andwe worked rom 6:00 p.m. until 6:00 a.m. in wet and windyconditions. I was part o a team that worked over the Christmasholiday to help a neighboring utility restore power afer tornadoravaged the region. While restoring power during the storm, it’scritical to listen or generators and to make sure a transer switchis installed beore we work on the line. Despite our warningsto residents to use transer switches, people don’t ollow ourinstructions. We could be electrocuted i we aren’t careul.

How do you mitigate the danger?

A: It is important to be as observant as possible. Job briefingsare critical to address the hazards, weather conditions, andtraffic in the area. I constantly observe the crew to make sureeveryone wears the proper personal protective equipment andthat there are no changes that could be a distraction. Everyoneshould strive to not make mistakes at work, but a mistake in ouproession could be a matter o lie and death.

Why did you become a lineman?

A: I wanted a career I could take pride in. My coworkers and I

take great pride in seeing our hard work on display as we lookat the power inrastructure. I began as an electrician, workingresidential and industrial low-voltage or five years. I learnedabout Coast Electric’s lineman program and thought it was aperect next step, so I began taking night classes and workingtoward my Electrical Utility echnology degree. As part o thecourse o study, I earned many certificates, including emergenmedical response and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, inaddition to hands-on training and coursework. Naturally, I haextensive saety trainings on job site saety, underground andoverhead installations, and mechanical equipment.

Te electrical industry is constantly evolving, rom

telecommunications to power distribution. Just as we haveto be adaptable in our day-to-day roles, we have to adaptto grid modernizations. We recently cut a ribbon on a newsolar power generation acility, so we are about experie

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