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    1

    Techncial AnalysisTechncial Analysis

    Demystify Technical Analysis

    2 Technical Analysis

    Agenda

    Orientation Introduction to the course. Rules and Regulations.

    Expectation etc.

    Introduction to Technical Analysis. What is Fundamental Analysis. What is Technical Analysis, Comparison between Technical and Fundamental Analysis.

    Some Basic Concepts. Line Chart Bar Chart Candlestick Chart

    Trends Up Trend Down Trend Side Ways Trend

    Trend lines and Properties. What is Valid Trend lines and Properties

    Trading Technique for Trend lines.

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    2

    3 Technical Analysis

    Human Emotions

    4 Technical Analysis

    Your forecasting toolki

    Fundamental analysisA method of forecasting based on basic

    economic, political and environmental

    factorsTechnical AnalysisA method of predicting price

    movements and future market trendsby studying charts of past market

    action, price, volumes and openinterest.

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    3

    5 Technical Analysis

    Fundamentally Strong Company Technically Strong Company.

    6 Technical Analysis

    Fundamentally Strong Company Technically Strong Company.

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    7 Technical Analysis

    Basics

    A good graphics package with good data behind it.

    Set aside some time every day to flick through thecharts of what you trade.

    Dont get fixated on day-to-day, look at theweekly, monthly and yearly charts.

    Dont get so focused on the near-term action that

    you lose sight of the bigger picture.

    8 Technical Analysis

    Principles of Technical analysis

    The current pricediscounts everything

    Patterns exist

    History repeats itself

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    9 Technical Analysis

    The current price discounts everything

    10 Technical Analysis

    History repeats itself

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    11 Technical Analysis

    History repeats itself

    12 Technical Analysis

    Strengths

    Can be used on almost anyinstrument

    Can be used to analyse data over a

    wide range of time periods There are many charting tools and

    techniques

    The basic principle of charting iseasy to understand

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    15 Technical Analysis

    Trends

    16 Technical Analysis

    Basic Concepts of Trend

    There are three trendsUPDOWNSIDEWAYS

    There are three decisionsGO LONGGO SHORTSTAY OUT OF THE MARKET

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    17 Technical Analysis

    Dont buck the trend, because the trend is your friend

    18 Technical Analysis

    Up Trend

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    19 Technical Analysis

    Up Trend

    20 Technical Analysis

    UPTREND

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    21 Technical Analysis

    Down Trend

    22 Technical Analysis

    Down Trend

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    23 Technical Analysis

    Sideways Market

    24 Technical Analysis

    Sideways Market

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    25 Technical Analysis

    Short-term and Longer-term trends

    A trend has three classificationsMAJORINTERMEDIATENEAR-TERM

    Broadly three time horizonsLONGER THAN A YEARONE TO THREE MONTHS

    ONE WEEK TO ONE MONTH

    26 Technical Analysis

    Short-term and Longer-term trends

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    27 Technical Analysis

    Three Stages of a Trend

    Accumulation

    Big Move

    Excess

    Distribution

    Big Move

    Despair

    Bull Market Bear Market

    28 Technical Analysis

    Basic typesof charts

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    29 Technical Analysis

    Chart types

    Line

    Bar

    Candlestick

    30 Technical Analysis

    Line charts

    The line chart is the simplest form of chart joining a series of points forinstrument data on the vertical axis (Y-axis) and a timescale on thehorizontal axis (X-axis).

    Line charts are not frequently used today.

    Typically Bid, Ask, High, Low or Close prices are used for the vertical axisand timescales used can vary from tick (every price plotted consecutively)

    to hourly, daily and weekly.

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    31 Technical Analysis

    Bar Charts

    Open

    Close

    High

    Low

    32 Technical Analysis

    Candlestick

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    33 Technical Analysis

    Very simple signals

    Uptend Downtrend

    34 Technical Analysis

    Reversal days

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    35 Technical Analysis

    The two-day reversal

    36 Technical Analysis

    Properties of Trend Line

    The greater the number of touches the more

    important the trend line becomes.

    The angle of Trendline

    Extension of Trend line.

    Trendline with Chart patterns

    Spacing of the two points

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    37 Technical Analysis

    Number of Touches

    38 Technical Analysis

    Extension of Trendline

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    39 Technical Analysis

    Incorrect Angle

    40 Technical Analysis

    Trendline with Chart Patterns

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    41 Technical Analysis

    Spacing between 2 points

    42 Technical Analysis

    Trading Trendlines

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    43 Technical Analysis

    Trading the Trendline

    44 Technical Analysis

    Session 2

    Identifying good Support and Resistance Level What is good Support ? What is good Resistance ? Properties of good Support and Resistance .

    Fibonacci Number and Ratio. Fibonacci Numbers and Ratio Retracement Extension

    Identifying Chart Patterns. Double Top

    Double Bottom Tripple Top Tripple Bottom Head and Shoulder and Inverted Head and Shoulder Pattern. Triangles (Ascending , Descending Symmetrical Triangles) Cup and Handle Pattern Wedges and Flags and Pennants

    Candelstick Patterns Doji Bullish and Bearish Engulfing Hanging Man , Hammer Morning Star evening star The Dark Cloud Cover Island Reversal The Kicker

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    45 Technical Analysis

    What is Support

    Support is the price level at which demand is thought to be strong enough to prevent the pricefrom declining further. The logic dictates that as the price declines towards support and getscheaper, buyers become more inclined to buy and sellers become less inclined to sell. By thetime the price reaches the support level, it is believed that demand will overcome supply andprevent the price from falling below support.

    46 Technical Analysis

    Looking for Crucial Support

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    47 Technical Analysis

    Looking for Crucial Support

    48 Technical Analysis

    What is Resistance

    Resistance is the price level at which selling is thought to be strong enough to preventthe price from rising further. The logic dictates that as the price advances towardsresistance, sellers become more inclined to sell and buyers become less inclined tobuy. By the time the price reaches the resistance level, it is believed that supply willovercome demand and prevent the price from rising above resistance.

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    49 Technical Analysis

    More Example on Resistance

    50 Technical Analysis

    Properties of Valid Support and Resistance

    The Support and Resistance should not be broken for at

    least for 1 month period.

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    51 Technical Analysis

    Number of Touches

    The more number of touches the more the Valid Support/Resistance

    52 Technical Analysis

    Number of Touches

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    53 Technical Analysis

    Why Resistance becomes support

    Trader 1 : Trader is going Short at Crude oil at MCX @

    3870-3900 and was having fun seeing the prices fall down.

    54 Technical Analysis

    Resistance becoming Support

    Trader 2 : Very Happy Buying MCX Crude @ 3400-3450 and

    selling at 3900

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    55 Technical Analysis

    Resistance becomes the Support

    Now the Market Break out of the Resistance Zone and AS

    USUAL TRADERS WILL NOT PUT THEIR STOP LOSSE

    IN PLACE and they will be worried and sad to cover their

    position. Turns buyer at Break even.

    56 Technical Analysis

    Resistance becomes the Support

    Longs are happy but sad because they did not bought moreso after break out near Previous Resistance they add moreposition

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    57 Technical Analysis

    Resistance becomes the Support

    Then there were Guys like me who were just

    waiting for breakout to happen once it is in place

    we will try to Buy Market at Near new Support

    Level

    58 Technical Analysis

    Support Becomes Resistance

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    59 Technical Analysis

    What is Fibonacci number

    Na..

    60 Technical Analysis

    What is Fibonacci Number

    The Fibonacci number sequence (1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,...) is

    constructed by adding the first two numbers to arrive at the third.

    The ratio of any number to the next number is 61.8 percent, which is a

    popular Fibonacci retracement number. The inverse of 61.8 percent is

    38.2 percent, also used as a Fibonacci retracement number.

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    61 Technical Analysis

    Fibonacci Retracement

    25%, 38.2% 50% 61.8% 100% are the commonly usedRetracements.

    62 Technical Analysis

    Fibonacci Retracement

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    63 Technical Analysis

    Fibbonacci Extension

    100%, 138.2%, 161.8% and 261.8% are the commonlyused Extension

    64 Technical Analysis

    Patterns

    Reversal Patterns Head and Shoulder and Inverted Head and

    Shoulder.

    Double and Tripple Top

    Double Bottom and Triple Bottom

    Cup and Handle

    Continuation Patterns Traingles ( Ascending, Descending and

    Symmetrical )

    Flag and Pole

    Wadges

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    65 Technical Analysis

    Head and Shoulder

    66 Technical Analysis

    Inverted Head and Shoulder

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    67 Technical Analysis

    Triple Top

    68 Technical Analysis

    Triple Bottom

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    69 Technical Analysis

    Double Top

    ecember 2007 February March April May June July August September October November December 2008 February March

    50

    Stochastic Oscillator (25.9664)

    0.92

    0.93

    0.94

    0.95

    0.96

    0.97

    0.98

    0.99

    1.00

    1.01

    1.02

    1.03

    1.04

    1.05

    1.06

    1.07

    1.08

    1.09

    12Double Top

    AUDCHF (0.96250, 0.96830, 0.95890, 0.96750, +0.00500)

    70 Technical Analysis

    Double Bottom

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    71 Technical Analysis

    Double bottom (Contd)

    72 Technical Analysis

    Cup and Handle

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    73 Technical Analysis

    Cup and Handle (Contd)

    74 Technical Analysis

    Triangles

    Symmetrical Triangle

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    75 Technical Analysis

    Ascending Triangle

    76 Technical Analysis

    Descending Triangle

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    77 Technical Analysis

    CandelSticks

    78 Technical Analysis

    Doji

    A doji represents an equilibrium between supply and demand, a tug ofwar that neither the bulls nor bears are winning.

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    79 Technical Analysis

    Doji Star

    80 Technical Analysis

    Doji Star

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    81 Technical Analysis

    Gravestone Doji

    82 Technical Analysis

    Identify Long Legged Doji

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    83 Technical Analysis

    Identify Long Legged Doji

    84 Technical Analysis

    Bullish and Bearish Engulfing

    Bullish Engulfing : A chart pattern that forms when a small black candlestick is followedby a large white candlestick that completely engulfs" the previous day's candlestick.The shadows or tails of the small candlestick are short, which enables the body of thelarge candlestick to cover the entire candlestick from the previous day.

    Bearish Engulfing : A chart pattern that consists of a small white candlestick withshort shadows or tails followed by a large black candlestick that eclipses or "engulfs" thesmall white one.

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    85 Technical Analysis

    Bullish Engulfing

    86 Technical Analysis

    Bearish Engulfing Pattern

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    87 Technical Analysis

    Hammer and Hanging Man

    Hammer : A price pattern in candlestick charting that occurs when a security trades significantly lowerthan its opening, but rallies later in the day to close either above or close to its opening price. Thispattern forms a hammer-shaped candlestick.

    Hanging man :A bearish candlestick pattern that forms at the end of an uptrend. It is created whenthere is a significant sell-off near the market open, but buyers are able to push this stock back up sothat it closes at or near the opening price. Generally the large sell-off is seen as an early indicationthat the bulls (buyers) are losing control and demand for the asset is waning.

    88 Technical Analysis

    Hanging Man

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    89 Technical Analysis

    Hammer

    90 Technical Analysis

    Morning Star and Evening Star

    Morning Star : bullish candlestick pattern that consists of three candles that have demonstrated the followingcharacteristics:

    1. The first bar is a large red candlestick located within a defined downtrend.2. The second bar is a small-bodied candle (either red or white) that closes below the first red bar.3. The last bar is a large white candle that opens above the middle candle and closes near the center of the first bar'sbody.

    Evening Star : A bearish candlestick pattern consisting of three candles that have demonstrated the followingcharacteristics:

    1. The first bar is a large white candlesticklocated within an uptrend.2. The middle bar is a small-bodied candle (red or white) that closes above the first white bar.3. The last bar is a large red candle that opens below the middle candle and closes near the center of the first bar's body.

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    91 Technical Analysis

    92 Technical Analysis

    Kicker

    Bullish Kicker : Previous days candle opens and regains its negative momentum in thesame direction of the market. After the Announcement, the alter its direction , openingat the same level as the previous days open range or with Gap and moving up.

    Bearish Kicker : Previous days candle opens and regains its momentum in the samedirection of the market. After the Announcement, the alter its direction , opening at thesame level as the previous days opening range and sliding down

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    93 Technical Analysis

    Bullish Kicker

    94 Technical Analysis

    Bullish Kicker

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    95 Technical Analysis

    Bearish KKicker

    96 Technical Analysis

    Session 3

    Different Kinds of Indicator. Leading Indicators Lagging Indicators

    Moving Averages . What is moving averages ? Different Types of Moving Averages. Simple Exponential Weighted. Properties of good Moving Average Strategies of Moving Average .

    Benefits and Drawback of Indicators

    Lagging Indicators

    Moving Averages MACD Average Directional Index

    Leading Indicators Relative Strenth Index Stochastic Rate of Change.

    Volatility Indicators. Bollinger Bands

    GAPS- Common Gaps- Breakout Gaps- Runaway Gaps- Exhaustion Gaps

    Money Management- Martingale System- Anti Martingale System

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    97 Technical Analysis

    What does a Technical Indicator Offer?

    Technical indicator offers a different perspective from which to analyze the price action.Some, such as moving averages, are derived from simple formulas and the mechanicsare relatively easy to understand. Others, such as Stochastics, have complex formulasand require more study to fully understand and appreciate. Regardless of the complexityof the formula, technical indicators can provide unique perspective on the strength anddirection of the underlying price action.

    A simple moving average is an indicator that calculates the average price of a securityover a specified number of periods. If a security is exceptionally volatile, then a movingaverage will help to smooth the data. A moving average filters out random noise and

    offers a smoother perspective of the price action. When is market is in Trading rangezone RSI would tell you the condition of the market such as Overbought and Oversoldlevel.

    98 Technical Analysis

    Why Use Indicators?

    Indicators serve three broad functions: to alert, to confirm and topredict.

    An indicator can act as an alert to study price action a little moreclosely. If momentum is waning, it may be a signal to watch for a

    break of support. Or, if there is a large positive divergence building, itmay serve as an alert to watch for a resistance breakout.

    Indicators can be used to confirm other technical analysis tools. Ifthere is a breakout on the price chart, a corresponding movingaverage crossover could serve to confirm the breakout. Someinvestors and traders use indicators to predict the direction of futureprices.

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    99 Technical Analysis

    My Two Friends

    Friend 1 : Tells me whatever you do I am with you. Right or

    Wrong I am with you and I will follow you.

    Lagging Indicator : Moving Averages, MACD , ADX

    Friend 2 : Tells me Dont do this Dont do that.

    Leading Indicator : Market is overbought dont buy , Market is

    oversold dont sell it . RSI, Stochastic, ROC.

    100 Technical Analysis

    Lagging Indicator

    As their name implies, lagging indicators follow the price action and are commonlyreferred to as trend-following indicators. Rarely, if ever, will these indicators lead theprice of a security. Trend-following indicators work best when markets or securitiesdevelop strong trends. They are designed to get traders in and keep them in as longas the trend is intact. As such, these indicators are not effective in trading orsideways markets. If used in trading markets, trend-following indicators will likely

    lead to many false signals and whipsaws. Some popular trend-following indicatorsinclude moving averages (exponential, simple, weighted, variable) and MACD.

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    101 Technical Analysis

    Lagging Indicators

    Moving Averages

    MACD

    Average Directional Index

    102 Technical Analysis

    What is Moving Averages?

    A simple moving average is formed by computing the average (mean) price of a security over a specifiednumber of periods. While it is possible to create moving averages from the Open, the High, and the Lowdata points, most moving averages are created using the closing price. For example: a 5-day simple movingaverage is calculated by adding the closing prices for the last 5 days and dividing the total by 5.

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    103 Technical Analysis

    Moving Averages

    104 Technical Analysis

    Different Kinds of Moving Averages

    Simple Moving Average

    Weighted Moving Average

    Exponential Moving Average

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    105 Technical Analysis

    Simple Moving Average

    A simple moving average is formed by computing the average (mean) price of a security over a specifiednumber of periods. While it is possible to create moving averages from the Open, the High, and the Lowdata points, most moving averages are created using the closing price. For example: a 5-day simple movingaverage is calculated by adding the closing prices for the last 5 days and dividing the total by 5.

    106 Technical Analysis

    Weighted Moving Average

    A weighted moving average is simply a moving average that is

    weighted so that more recent values are more heavily weighted

    than values further in the past.

    ne

    11 18 25 2

    July

    9 16 23 30 6

    August

    13 20 27 3 10 17

    September

    24 1 8

    October

    15 22 29 5 12

    November

    19 26 3 10 17

    December

    24 31 7

    2008

    14 21 28 4 11

    February

    18 25 3 10

    March

    17 24 3

    13500

    14000

    14500

    15000

    15500

    16000

    16500

    17000

    17500

    18000

    18500

    19000

    19500

    20000

    20500

    21000

    21500

    * BSE - SENSEX (15,467.39, 15,798.42, 15,331.35, 15,760.52, +403.170)

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    107 Technical Analysis

    Exponential Moving Average

    In order to reduce the lag in simple moving averages, technicians

    often use exponential moving averages (also called exponentially

    weighted moving averages). EMA's reduce the lag by applying more

    weight to recent prices relative to older prices. The weighting applied

    to the most recent price depends on the specified period of the

    moving average. The shorter the EMA's period, the more weight that

    will be applied to the most recent price.

    The formula for an exponential moving average is:

    EMA(current) = ( (Price(current) - EMA(prev) ) x Multiplier) +

    EMA(prev)

    (2 / (Time periods + 1) ) = (2 / (10 + 1) ) = 0.1818 (18.18%)

    108 Technical Analysis

    Which one is better ?

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    109 Technical Analysis

    Properties of Good moving Average

    Moving averages are portable trendline , So good

    moving average should act as good Support levels.

    110 Technical Analysis

    Properties of Good moving Average

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    111 Technical Analysis

    Properties of Good moving Average

    112 Technical Analysis

    Properties of Moving Averages

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    113 Technical Analysis

    Moving Averages

    When two moving averages are used the longer is fortrend identification and the shorter for timing

    It is the interplay between the two which gives you thetiming

    Classics are 5 and 20 day and 10 and 40 day

    On stocks, 7 and 21 work well

    114 Technical Analysis

    Right Moving Average Period

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    115 Technical Analysis

    2 Moving Average Cross over

    Market signalBullish When short term moving Average ( i.e 5 Day

    ) crosses Long term Moving Average (i.e 20 Day ) andgoes up . Its a Golden Coress

    Bearish When short term moving Average (i.e 5 Day )crosses Long Term Moving Average (i.e 20 Day ) and

    goes Down . Its Death Cross

    116 Technical Analysis

    2 Moving Average Cross over

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    117 Technical Analysis

    2 Moving Average Cross over

    118 Technical Analysis

    Guppy Moving Averages

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    119 Technical Analysis

    Benefits and Drawbacks of Moving Averages

    Benefits :

    As it is a lagging indicator you will always be able to capture the bigmoves when it come along.

    It act as a good support and Resistance .

    It also shows the underlying Trend

    Drawback :

    All the lagging indicator gives many whipsaws when it comes to sideways market.

    Some time there is significant amount of money is left on the tableas it gives late signals. Although some lag can be removed by usingExponential MA

    120 Technical Analysis

    Moving Average Convergence Divergence

    IntroductionDeveloped by Gerald Appel, Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD) isone of the simplest and most reliable indicators available. MACD uses movingaverages, which are lagging indicators, to include some trend-followingcharacteristics. These lagging indicators are turned into a momentum oscillatorby subtracting the longer moving average from the shorter moving average.

    MACD Formula The most popular formula for the "standard" MACD is the

    difference between a security's 26-day and 12-day exponentialmoving averages. Using shorter moving averages will produce aquicker, more responsive indicator, while using longer movingaverages will produce a slower indicator, less prone to whipsaws.Of the two moving averages that make up MACD, the 12-day EMAis the faster and the 26-day EMA is the slower. Closing prices areused to form the moving averages. Usually, a 9-day EMA of MACDis plotted along side to act as a trigger line. A bullish crossoveroccurs when MACD moves above its 9-day EMA and a bearishcrossover occurs when MACD moves below its 9-day EMA

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    121 Technical Analysis

    Calculation of MACD

    122 Technical Analysis

    MACD Signals

    MACD generates bullish or Bearish signals from three

    main sources:

    Positive divergence

    Bullish moving average crossover

    Bullish centerline crossover

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    123 Technical Analysis

    Bullish Divergence

    When Prices are falling on remain same but the Indicatormoves up then it is called Bullish Divergence

    124 Technical Analysis

    What is Positive Divergence and Negative Divergence

    When Prices are going up or remaining same but

    Indicator is coming down is called Negative Divergence.

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    125 Technical Analysis

    MACD Cross Over

    Buy : When MACD Crosses above its Average .

    Sell : When MACD Crosses below its Average.

    126 Technical Analysis

    Centerline Crossover

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    127 Technical Analysis

    MACD Benefits

    One of the primary benefits of MACD is that it incorporates aspects ofboth momentum and trend in one indicator. As a trend-followingindicator, it will not be wrong for very long. The use of moving averagesensures that the indicator will eventually follow the movements of theunderlying security.

    MACD can be applied to daily, weekly or monthly charts. MACDrepresents the convergence and divergence of two moving averages.The standard setting for MACD is the difference between the 12 and26-period EMA. However, any combination of moving averages can beused. The set of moving averages used in MACD can be tailored foreach individual security. For weekly charts, a faster set of movingaverages may be appropriate. For volatile stocks, slower moving

    averages may be needed to help smooth the data. No matter what thecharacteristics of the underlying security, each individual can set MACDto suit his or her own trading style, objectives and risk tolerance.

    128 Technical Analysis

    MACD Drwaback

    Can Be Applied on Any Time Frame : MACD can be applied to daily, weekly or monthlycharts. MACD represents the convergence and divergence of two moving averages. Thestandard setting for MACD is the difference between the 12 and 26-period EMA. However,any combination of moving averages can be used. The set of moving averages used inMACD can be tailored for each individual security. For weekly charts, a faster set ofmoving averages may be appropriate. For volatile stocks, slower moving averages may beneeded to help smooth the data. No matter what the characteristics of the underlyingsecurity, each individual can set MACD to suit his or her own trading style, objectives and

    risk tolerance.

    Can not be applied to see historical levels : MACD calculates the absolute differencebetween two moving averages and not the percentage difference. MACD is calculated bysubtracting one moving average from the other. As a security increases in price, thedifference (both positive and negative) between the two moving averages is destined togrow. This makes its difficult to compare MACD levels over a long period of time,especially for stocks that have grown exponentially.

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    129 Technical Analysis

    Average Directional Index

    Wells Wilder introduced this revolutionary concept in New Concept inTechnical Trading System .

    + DI is greater then DI add that Amount to +DI and Deduct the sameamount from DI ,

    If DI is greater than + DI then add to DI and deduct that amount from DI

    130 Technical Analysis

    Trading using +DI and DI

    Buy : When + DI crosses above DI

    Sell : When DI crosses above + DI

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    131 Technical Analysis

    Is the Market is Trading or Trending ???????????????

    Average Directional Index is nothing but the Absolute difference between + DIand DI .

    When ADX is above 25 it is considered to be Trending Market . When it is below25 it is considered Trading . ( Note : Threshold value may vary fromCommodity to Security ) .

    132 Technical Analysis

    Trending and Trading Market

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    133 Technical Analysis

    Average Directional Index (ADX)

    134 Technical Analysis

    Benefits and Drawbacks of Lagging Indicators

    One of the main benefits of trend-following indicators is the ability to catch amove and remain in a move. Provided the market or security in questiondevelops a sustained move, trend-following indicators can be enormouslyprofitable and easy to use. The longer the trend, the fewer the signals and lesstrading involved.

    The benefits of trend-following indicators are lost when a security moves in atrading range. Another drawback of trend-following indicators is that signals tendto be late. By the time a moving average crossover occurs, a significant portionof the move has already occurred.

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    135 Technical Analysis

    Leading Indicator

    Many leading indicators come in the form of momentum oscillators. Generallyspeaking, momentum measures the rate-of-change of a security's price. As theprice of a security rises, price momentum increases. The faster the securityrises (the greater the period-over-period price change), the larger the increasein momentum. Once this rise begins to slow, momentum will also slow. As asecurity begins to trade flat, momentum starts to actually decline from previoushigh levels. However, declining momentum in the face of sideways trading is notalways a bearish signal. It simply means that momentum is returning to a moremedian level.

    136 Technical Analysis

    Leading Indicator

    Relative Strenth Index ( RSI )

    Stochastic

    Rate of Change

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    137 Technical Analysis

    Relative Strength Index

    Developed by J. Welles Wilder and introduced in his 1978 book, NewConcepts in Technical Trading Systems, the Relative Strength Index

    (RSI) is an extremely useful and popular momentum oscillator. The RSI

    compares the magnitude of a stock's recent gains to the magnitude of its

    recent losses and turns that information into a number that ranges from 0

    to 100. It takes a single parameter, the number of time periods to use in

    the calculation. In his book, Wilder recommends using 14 periods.

    138 Technical Analysis

    Divergence

    Bearish Divergence- when prices are making higher highs but the indicatoris making lower highs. Upmove is weakening.

    Bullish Divergence- when prices are making lower lows but the indicator ismaking higher lows. Downmove is weakening.

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    139 Technical Analysis

    RSI Bullish/Bearish Divergence

    140 Technical Analysis

    RSI Bearish Divergence

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    141 Technical Analysis

    RSI Overbought and Oversold

    Overbought : RSI when enters 70 level the market is considered to beoverbought .

    Oversold : RSI when enters 0 level the market is considered to be oversold

    Important point :Only trade when trade when they are exiting Overbought andOversold levels.

    142 Technical Analysis

    Properties of RSI

    Normal Technical Analysis can aslo be applied to RSI like Trendline,

    Fibonacci Retracement or Projection etc.

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    143 Technical Analysis

    Stochastic

    Developed by George C. Lane in the late 1950s, the Stochastic Oscillator is amomentum indicator that shows the location of the current close relative to thehigh/low range over a set number of periods. Closing levels that are consistentlynear the top of the range indicate accumulation (buying pressure) and those nearthe bottom of the range indicate distribution (selling pressure).

    144 Technical Analysis

    Stochastic Buying and Selling

    17 24 1 8

    October

    15 22 29 5 12

    November

    19 26 3 10

    December

    17 24 31

    2008

    7 14 21 28 4

    February

    11 18 25 3 10

    March

    17 24

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    O O

    Stochastic Oscillator (39.3942)

    4300

    4400

    4500

    4600

    4700

    4800

    4900

    5000

    5100

    5200

    5300

    5400

    5500

    5600

    5700

    5800

    5900

    6000

    6100

    6200

    6300

    6400

    O

    O

    O

    P

    P

    P

    - NSE50 - 1 MONTH (4,566.00, 4,759.00, 4,566.00, 4,746.95, +149.650)

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    145 Technical Analysis

    Stochastic strategy

    146 Technical Analysis

    Rate of Change

    ROC is a momentum indicator that measures velocity and also leads the price action.

    Rate of Change, ROC, can be very useful, because it is a leading indicator (ROC changes directionbefore the underlying price).

    Divergences

    Divergences can provide warnings or alerts of weaknesses in market trends, but do notrepresent actual buy or sell signals. It is essential to wait for a confirmation from the price

    itself that the overall trend has reversed.Zero-line crossings

    Although the long-term price trend is still the overriding consideration, a crossing upwardthrough the zero line can confirm a buy signal and a crossing downward through the zero

    line, a sell signal.

    Trendline Violations

    The trendlines on the ROC chart are broken sooner than those on the price chart. Thevalue of the momentum indicators is that it turns sooner than the market itself, making it a

    leading indicator.

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    147 Technical Analysis

    Rate of Change ( ROC )

    6 3

    December

    10 17 24 31

    2008

    7 14 21 28 4

    February

    11 18 25 3

    March

    10 17 24 3

    -600-550-500-450-400-350-300-250-200

    -150-100-50

    050

    100150200250300350400

    O O O

    P

    Price ROC (-195.600)

    1000

    1050

    1100

    1150

    1200

    1250

    1300

    1350

    1400

    1450

    1500

    1550

    1600

    1650

    OO

    O

    P

    PP

    TATA POW ER COMP (1,163.00, 1,188.00, 1,100.50, 1,160.45, -3.10010)

    148 Technical Analysis

    Benefits and Drawbacks of Leading Indicators

    There are clearly many benefits to using leading indicators. Earlysignaling for entry and exit is the main benefit. Leading indicatorsgenerate more signals and allow more opportunities to trade. Earlysignals can also act to forewarn against a potential strength orweakness. Because they generate more signals, leading indicatorsare best used in trading markets. These indicators can be used intrending markets, but usually with the major trend, not against it. In a

    market trending up, the best use is to help identify oversold conditionsfor buying opportunities. In a market that is trending down, leadingindicators can help identify overbought situations for sellingopportunities.

    With early signals comes the prospect of higher returns and withhigher returns comes the reality of greater risk. More signals andearlier signals mean that the chances of false signals and whipsawsincrease. False signals will increase the potential for losses.Whipsaws can generate commissions that can eat away profits andtest trading stamina.

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    149 Technical Analysis

    Bollinger Bands

    Introduction

    Developed by John Bollinger, Bollinger Bands are an indicator that allows users to compare volatility andrelative price levels over a period time. The indicator consists of three bands designed to encompass themajority of a security's price action.

    A simple moving average in the middle

    An upper band (SMA plus 2 standard deviations)

    A lower band (SMA minus 2 standard deviations)

    Standard deviation is a statistical term that provides a good indication of volatility. Using the standard

    deviation ensures that the bands will react quickly to price movements and reflect periods of high andlow volatility. Sharp price increases (or decreases), and hence volatility, will lead to a widening of thebands.

    150 Technical Analysis

    Formula

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    151 Technical Analysis

    Signaling System

    Buy : After Prolonged Selling the Candel gives closing outside the band and next candel isinside band than amove above highes high is Buying signal .

    Sell : After Prolonged Buying spree candelstick move above BB and Next Daxt Day candelcomes in BB then A move below Lowest Low of Candel is your Short Signal.

    152 Technical Analysis

    Bollinger Bands

    Sideways consolidation Breakouts.

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    153 Technical Analysis

    Bollinger Band Breakout

    154 Technical Analysis

    Band Envelop and Bollinger Bands

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    155 Technical Analysis

    Conclusion

    To identify periods of high and low volatility

    To identify periods when prices are at extreme,and possibly unsustainable, levels.

    As stated above, securities can fluctuatebetween periods of high volatility and lowvolatility. Being able to identify a period of lowvolatility can serve as an alert to monitor theprice action of a security. Other aspects oftechnical analysis, such as momentum, movingaverages and retracements, can then be

    employed to help determine the direction of thepotential breakout

    156 Technical Analysis

    GAPS

    Gaps are nothing but the vacuum left by the Prices.

    Upside Gap : when Todays low is higher than previous Days High .

    Down Side Gap : When Todays High is Lower than Previous Days

    Low .

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    157 Technical Analysis

    Mind the Gap

    Common gap occur in low volume caused by lack ofinterest. (sometimes filled but be careful)

    Breakaway gap occur in heavy volume when trendlinesbreak or patterns complete. (often filled)

    Runaway gap occur in moderate volume during a trend.(generally filled and will provide support on reversal)

    Exhaustion gap occurs in heavy volume near the end of

    a market move. (pretty much always filled)

    158 Technical Analysis

    Mind the Gap

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    NAS NAS/NMS COMPSITE, Last Trade [Hi/Lo/Cl Bar] Daily

    16Nov00 - 08Feb01

    21Nov00 28Nov 05Dec 12Dec 19Dec 26Dec 02Jan 09Jan 16Jan 23Jan 30Jan 06Feb

    Pr

    USD

    2300

    2400

    2500

    2600

    2700

    2800

    2900

    3000

    3100

    NAS NAS/NMS COMPSITE, Last Trade, Hi/Lo/Cl Bar

    19Jan01 2841.25 2752.06 2770.38

    160 Technical Analysis

    .BSESN, Last Trade [O/H/L/C Bar] Daily FREEZE

    11Feb05 - 30Jun05

    11Feb05 18Feb 25Feb 04Mar 11Mar 18Mar 25Mar 01Apr 08Apr 15Apr 22Apr 29Apr 06May 13May 20May 27May 03Jun 10Jun 17Jun 24Jun

    Pr

    INR

    6150

    6200

    6250

    6300

    6350

    6400

    6450

    6500

    6550

    6600

    6650

    6700

    6750

    6800

    6850

    6900

    .BSESN , Last Trade, O/H/L/C Bar

    01Jun05 6729.39 6763.28 6721.22 6745.83

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    161 Technical Analysis

    Gaps

    162 Technical Analysis

    Money Management

    The most Important part of your Trading Career.

    Two Types of Money Management Systems Martingle System

    Anti Martingle System

    Martingale System

    Anti Martingale System

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    163 Technical Analysis

    TABLE OF TRADES

    No of Lossing

    Trades

    Amt of Lossing

    Trades

    No of Winning

    Trades

    Amt of

    Winning

    Trades

    Total Inflow/

    Outflow

    10 (10) 0 0 (10)

    9 (9) 1 2 (7)

    8 (8) 2 4 (4)

    7 (7) 3 6 (1)

    6 (6) 4 8 2

    5 (5) 5 10 5

    4 (4) 6 12 8

    3 (3) 7 14 112 (2) 8 16 14

    1 (1) 9 18 17

    0 0 10 20 20

    164 Technical Analysis

    Martingale System

    You make a bet and if you lose you double your bet. If you lose again

    you double your bet. You keep doing this until you win and then go back

    to your original bet.

    You bet Rs 5 and you lose.

    Your next bet is Rs. 10. If you lose:

    Your next bet is Rs 20. If you lose:Your next bet is Rs 40. If you lose:

    Your next bet is Rs 80. If you lose:

    Your next bet is Rs 160. If you lose:

    If you win you will get back 320 so net inflow is your original Rs 5

    Is it a Good bet.

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    165 Technical Analysis

    Anti Martinalge System

    Anti Martingale System tells to Invest double in a winning

    streak and either slow down or remain constant on your

    bets during the losing periods.

    End of Session