ekg leads by: aisha quadri. the normal conduction system
TRANSCRIPT
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EKG LeadsBy: Aisha Quadri
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The Normal Conduction System
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What is an EKG?
The electrocardiogram (EKG) is a representation of the electrical events of the cardiac cycle.
Each event has a distinctive waveform, the study of which can lead to greater insight into a patient’s cardiac pathophysiology.
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Leads
Leads are electrodes which measure the difference in electrical potential between either:
1. Two different points on the body (bipolar leads)1. Two different points on the body (bipolar leads)
2. One point on the body and a virtual reference point 2. One point on the body and a virtual reference point with zero electrical potential, located in the center of with zero electrical potential, located in the center of the heart (unipolar leads)the heart (unipolar leads)
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EKG Leads
The standard EKG has 12 leads:
3 Standard Limb Leads
3 Augmented Limb Leads
6 Precordial Leads
The axis of a particular lead represents the viewpoint from The axis of a particular lead represents the viewpoint from which it looks at the heart.which it looks at the heart.
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Standard Limb Leads
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Augmented Limb Leads
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All Limb Leads
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Precordial Leads
Adapted from: www.numed.co.uk/electrodepl.html
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Precordial Leads
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Summary of Leads
Limb LeadsLimb Leads Precordial LeadsPrecordial Leads
BipolarBipolar I, II, IIII, II, III(standard limb leads)(standard limb leads)
--
UnipolarUnipolar aVR, aVL, aVF aVR, aVL, aVF (augmented limb leads)(augmented limb leads)
VV11-V-V66
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Arrangement of Leads on the EKG
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Anatomic Groups(Septum)
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Anatomic Groups(Anterior Wall)
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Anatomic Groups(Lateral Wall)
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Anatomic Groups(Inferior Wall)
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Anatomic Groups(Summary)
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What types of pathology can we identify and study from EKGs?
Arrhythmias
Myocardial ischemia and infarction
Pericarditis
Chamber hypertrophy
Drug toxicity (i.e. digoxin and drugs which prolong the QT interval)
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P,Q,R,S,T Waves NORMAL
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Reference
http://en.ecgpedia.org/wiki/Conduction
https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/nursing/practice/resources/cardiology/introduction/index.php
http://heart-disease.emedtv.com/myocardial-ischemia/myocardial-ischemia.html
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