ekt314/4 electronic instrumentation
DESCRIPTION
EKT314/4 Electronic Instrumentation. Week 2 Chapter 2: Transducer. Review Last Lecture Introduction to Electronics Instrumentation. Complete Block Diagram. To digital controller / Computer interface. Signal. Digital Display. Transducer. Digital Printer. A2D Converter. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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EKT314/4Electronic
InstrumentationWeek 2
Chapter 2: Transducer
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 2
Review Last LectureIntroduction to Electronics
Instrumentation
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 3
Transducer
Signal Conditione
rFilter
Excitation Power Supply
Controller Interface
Micro-processor
D2A Converter
Signal Digital Display
A2D Converter
Analog Subsystem
Analog Display
Digital Printer
Digital Storage
Tape Recorder
Oscilloscope
Oscillograph
XY PlotterTo ProcessControl System
To digital controller /Computer interface
Complete Block Diagram
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 4
Block Diagram - Review
Simplified Block Diagram
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 5
Intro to EI
Overview
Process Control
Engineering Analysis
Block Diagram
Application
Terminology
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Application Area: Engineering Analysis
Engineering Analysis› To validate new design of structure,
component or system by theoritical and experimental approach
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 7
Intro to EI
Overview
Process Control
Engineering Analysis
Block Diagram
Application
Terminology
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Application Area: Process Control
Process Control› Monitoring process: provide real-time data that
allow operator to respond.› Automatic process: provide real-time feedback
data to the control system.
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Motivation & DefinitionThe word 'sensor' is derived from entire
meaning 'to perceive' and 'transducer' is derived from transducer meaning 'to lead across'.device that detects a change in a physical stimulus and turns it into a signal which can be measured or recorded;
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Motivation & Definition definition of 'transducer' is 'a device that transfers power from one system to another in the same or in the different form'.A sensible distinction is to use 'sensor' for the sensing element itself and 'transducer' for the sensing element plus any associated circuitry. All transducers would thus contain a sensor and most (though not all) sensors would also be transducers.[1]
[1]http://www.mfg.mtu.edu/cyberman/machtool/machtool/sensors/intro.html
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Transducer
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Transducer
ComputerScience
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Transducer
Physics ComputerScience
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Transducer
Physics ComputerScience
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Transducer
Physics ComputerScience
FiniteState
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Transducer
Physics ComputerScience
FiniteState
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Transducer
Physics ComputerScience
FiniteState
Definition
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Transducer
Physics ComputerScience
FiniteState
Definition
Classification
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 19
Transducer
Physics ComputerScience
FiniteState
Definition
Classification
Applications
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 20
Transducer
Physics ComputerScience
FiniteState
Definition
Classification
Applications
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Definition Transducer is a device that converts one type
of energy to another. Energy types include (but are not limited
to) electrical, mechanical, electromagnetic (including light), chemical, acoustic or thermal energy.
The term transducer commonly implies the use of a sensor/detector, any device which converts energy can be considered a transducer.
Transducers are widely used in measuring instruments.
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Definition – Block Diagram
Source - http://www.instrumentationtoday.com/2011/07/
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Definition – Block Diagram
Source - http://www.instrumentationtoday.com/2011/07/
Sensing ElementThe physical quantity or its rate of change is sensed and responded to by this part of the transistor.
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Transduction ElementThe output of the sensing element is passed on to the transduction element. This element is responsible for converting the non-electrical signal into its proportional electrical signal.
Definition – Block Diagram
Source - http://www.instrumentationtoday.com/2011/07/
Sensing ElementThe physical quantity or its rate of change is sensed and responded to by this part of the transistor.
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Definition – Selection Selection depends on the physical
quantity to be measured. Depends on the best transducer
principle for the given physical input. Depends on the order of accuracy to be
obtained.
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
Physical
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
Physical
Behavior
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
Physical
BehaviorConversion
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
Physical
BehaviorConversion
Application
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
Physical
BehaviorConversion
Application
Active-Passive
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
Physical
BehaviorConversion
Application
Active-Passive
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
Physical
BehaviorConversion
Application
MechanicalActive-Passive
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
Physical
BehaviorConversion
Application
Mechanical
Electrical
Active-Passive
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
Physical
BehaviorConversion
Application
Mechanical
Electrical
Active-Passive
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Mechanical Transducer Mechanical elements that are used for
converting one form of energy into other form.
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Transducer
Classification
Physical
Mechanical
ElectricalBellowsBourdon TubeSpringProving RingsDiaphragmManometerThermocoupleBimetalsHydro-pneumatic
Source - http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/41946.aspx
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Physical
Mechanical
ElectricalBellowsBourdon TubeSpringProving RingsDiaphragmManometerThermocoupleBimetalsHydro-pneumatic
Source - http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/41946.aspx
Elastic elements that convert the air pressure into displacement, and it is commonly used for the measurement of pressure.
Transducer
Classification
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 39
Mechanical
ElectricalBellowsBourdon TubeSpringProving RingsDiaphragmManometerThermocoupleBimetalsHydro-pneumatic
Source - http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/41946.aspx
This elastic tube converts air pressure to the rotary motion of the pointer used to indicate the pressure.
Physical
Transducer
Classification
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 40
Mechanical
ElectricalBellowsBourdon TubeSpringProving RingsDiaphragmManometerThermocoupleBimetalsHydro-pneumatic
Source - http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/41946.aspx
The spring tend to expand when force is applied to them, thus they are used for the measurement of force.
Physical
Transducer
Classification
Spring Limit Sensor
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Mechanical
ElectricalBellowsBourdon TubeSpringProving RingsDiaphragmManometerThermocoupleBimetalsHydro-pneumatic
Source - http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/41946.aspx
Like the springs the proving rings also convert applied force to the displacement.
Physical
Transducer
Classification
Used for compression and Tension Measurements
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Mechanical
ElectricalBellowsBourdon TubeSpringProving RingsDiaphragmManometerThermocoupleBimetalsHydro-pneumatic
Source - http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/41946.aspx
It converts applied pressure to the displacement.
Physical
Transducer
Classification
YOKOGAWA EJX438A Diaphragm Sealed Gauge Pressure Transmitter
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Mechanical
ElectricalBellowsBourdon TubeSpringProving RingsDiaphragmManometerThermocoupleBimetalsHydro-pneumatic
Source - http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/41946.aspx
Converts the applied pressure into variable displacement of the liquid within it enabling to measure the pressure.
Physical
Transducer
Classification
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Mechanical
ElectricalBellowsBourdon TubeSpringProving RingsDiaphragmManometerThermocoupleBimetalsHydro-pneumatic
Source - http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/41946.aspx
Produces electric current when one of its end is heated enabling us to measure the temperature.
Physical
Transducer
Classification
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Mechanical
ElectricalBellowsBourdon TubeSpringProving RingsDiaphragmManometerThermocoupleBimetalsHydro-pneumatic
Source - http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/41946.aspx
Bimetallic strips comprising of two different metals having different coefficient of thermal expansion, joint together to indicates the temperature.
Physical
Transducer
Classification
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Mechanical
ElectricalBellowsBourdon TubeSpringProving RingsDiaphragmManometerThermocoupleBimetalsHydro-pneumatic
Source - http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/41946.aspx
These include devices like orifice, venturi, pitot tube, vanes and turbines that are used for measurement of pressure, velocity, flow rate and force of water.
Physical
Transducer
Classification
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Mechanical
ElectricalBellowsBourdon TubeSpringProving RingsDiaphragmManometerThermocoupleBimetalsHydro-pneumatic
Source - http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/mechanical/articles/41946.aspx
Apart from the mechanical transducers mentioned above there are many others like seismic mass, pendulum scale, float etc.
Physical
Transducer
Classification
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Mechanical Transducer Most of the mechanical transducers are
used as the primary transducers, meaning the initial input is applied to them, while the output obtained from them can be used directly to measure the quantity or it can be given as input to the secondary transducer, which are
mostly of electrical type.
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
Physical
BehaviorConversion
Application
Mechanical
Electrical
Active-Passive
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Electrical Transducer The transducers that convert the mechanical
input signals of the physical quantity into electrical output signals.
The input given can be in the form of the displacement, strain, velocity, temperature, flow etc and the output obtained from them can be in the form of current, voltage and change in resistance, inductance and capacitance.
The output can be measured easily and it is calibrated against the input, thus enabling the measurement of the value of the input.
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
Physical
BehaviorConversion
Application
Active-Passive
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
Physical
BehaviorConversion
Application
Sensor
Active-Passive
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
Physical
BehaviorConversion
Application
Actuator
Sensor
Active-Passive
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
Physical
BehaviorConversion
Application
Actuator
Sensor
Active-Passive
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Sensor A sensor (also called detector) is a device that
measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument.
Ex: a mercury-in-glass thermometer converts the measured temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube.
Ex: A thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be read by a voltmeter.
For accuracy, most sensors are calibrated against known standards.
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Transducer
Physics
Definition
Classification
Applications
Physical
BehaviorConversion
Application
Actuator
Sensor
Active-Passive
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Actuator An actuator is a type of motor for moving or
controlling a mechanism or system operated by a source of energy, usually in the form of an electric current, hydraulic fluid pressure or pneumatic pressure, and converts that energy into some kind of motion.
An actuator is the mechanism by which an agent acts upon an environment. The agent can be either an artificial intelligent agent or any other autonomous being (human, other animal, etc).
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Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
Physical
Source – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer
Active-Passive
DefinitionApplication
s
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Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
ElectromagneticElectrochemicalElectromechanicalElectroacousticPhotoelectricElectrostaticThermoelectricRadioacoustic
Physical
Source – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer
Active-Passive
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Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
ElectromagneticElectrochemicalElectromechanicalElectroacousticPhotoelectricElectrostaticThermoelectricRadioacoustic
PhysicalExamples:
AntennaCathode ray tube (CRT)Fluorescent lamplight bulbMagnetic cartridgePhotodetectorPhotoresistorLight dependent resistor (LDR)Tape headHall effect sensor
Source – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer
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Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
ElectromagneticElectrochemicalElectromechanicalElectroacousticPhotoelectricElectrostaticThermoelectricRadioacoustic
PhysicalExamples:
pH probesElectro-galvanic fuel cellHydrogen sensor
Source – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer
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Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
ElectromagneticElectrochemicalElectromechanicalElectroacousticPhotoelectricElectrostaticThermoelectricRadioacoustic
PhysicalExamples:
Electroactive polymersGalvanometerRotary motor, linear motorVibration powered generatorPotentiometerLoad cellAccelerometerStrain gaugeString potentiometerAir flow sensorTactile sensor
Source – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer
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Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
ElectromagneticElectrochemicalElectromechanicalElectroacousticPhotoelectricElectrostaticThermoelectricRadioacoustic
PhysicalExamples:
Loudspeaker, earphoneMicrophonePickup (music technology)Tactile transducerPiezoelectric crystalGeophoneGramophone pickupHydrophoneSonar transponder
Source – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer
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Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
ElectromagneticElectrochemicalElectromechanicalElectroacousticPhotoelectricElectrostaticThermoelectricRadioacoustic
PhysicalExamples:
Laser diodeLight-emitting diodePhotodiodePhotoresistorPhototransistorPhotomultiplier tube
Source – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer
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Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
ElectromagneticElectrochemicalElectromechanicalElectroacousticPhotoelectricElectrostaticThermoelectricRadioacoustic
PhysicalExamples:
Electrometer
Source – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer
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Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
ElectromagneticElectrochemicalElectromechanicalElectroacousticPhotoelectricElectrostaticThermoelectricRadioacoustic
PhysicalExamples:
Resistance temperature detector (RTD)ThermocouplePeltier coolerThermistor
Source – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 67
Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
ElectromagneticElectrochemicalElectromechanicalElectroacousticPhotoelectricElectrostaticThermoelectricRadioacoustic
PhysicalExamples:
Geiger–Müller tubeReceiver (radio)
Source – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 68
DefinitionApplication
s
Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
PhysicalActive-Passive
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 69
DefinitionApplication
s
Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
PhysicalActive-Passive
Pressure Displacement ForceTorqueTemperature Sound Power Current Magnetic Flux Vibration Velocity Light Position Humidity etc.
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 70
DefinitionApplication
s
Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
PhysicalActive-Passive
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 71
Definition
Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
PhysicalActive-Passive
Passive
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 72
Definition Active
Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
PhysicalActive-Passive
Passive
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 73
Definition Active
Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
PhysicalActive-Passive
Passive
Resistance Variation TypeCapacitance Variation TypeInductance Variation TypeVoltage and Current Type
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 74
Definition Active
Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
PhysicalActive-Passive
Passive
Resistance Variation TypeCapacitance Variation TypeInductance Variation TypeVoltage and Current Type
Examples:Resistance Strain GaugeResistance ThermometerResistance HygrometerHot Wire MeterPhotoconductive CellThermistor Potentiometer Type
Source – http://www.instrumentationtoday.com/2011/07/
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 75
Definition Active
Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
PhysicalActive-Passive
Passive
Resistance Variation TypeCapacitance Variation TypeInductance Variation TypeVoltage and Current Type
Examples:Variable Capacitance Pressure GaugeDielectric GaugeCapacitor Microphone
Source – http://www.instrumentationtoday.com/2011/07/
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 76
Definition Active
Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
PhysicalActive-Passive
Passive
Resistance Variation TypeCapacitance Variation TypeInductance Variation TypeVoltage and Current Type
Examples:Eddy Current TransducerVariable Reluctance TypeProximity Inductance TypeDifferential TransformerMagnetostrictive Transducer
Source – http://www.instrumentationtoday.com/2011/07/
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 77
Definition Active
Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
PhysicalActive-Passive
Passive
Resistance Variation TypeCapacitance Variation TypeInductance Variation TypeVoltage and Current Type
Examples:Photo-emissive CellHall EffectIonisation Chamber
Source – http://www.instrumentationtoday.com/2011/07/
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 78
Definition Active
Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
PhysicalActive-Passive
Passive
Examples:Photo-voltaic CellThermopilePiezoelectric TypeMoving Coil Type
Source – http://www.instrumentationtoday.com/2011/07/
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 79
Definition Active
Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
PhysicalActive-Passive
Passive
Examples:Photo-voltaic CellThermopilePiezoelectric TypeMoving Coil Type
Source – http://www.instrumentationtoday.com/2011/07/
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EKT314/4 - Electronic Instrumentation 80
Definition Active
Transducer
Physics
Classification
BehaviorConversion
Application
PhysicalActive-Passive
Passive
Examples:Photo-voltaic CellThermopilePiezoelectric TypeMoving Coil Type
Source – http://www.instrumentationtoday.com/2011/07/
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EKT314/4Electronic
Instrumentation
Week 2End