el nino / la nina · hurricane learning targets you will be able to… •describe ingredients for...
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Hurricanes
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Hurricane Learning Targets
You will be able to…
• Describe ingredients for hurricane formation
• Describe stages in hurricane development
• Diagram the anatomy of a hurricane
• Predict the path of an Atlantic hurricane
• Describe hazards associated with hurricanes
• Explain the naming system for hurricanes
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Hurricane Ingredients
1. Warm water (80ºF +)
2. Low pressure center (CCW flow)
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Why do most hurricanes start out moving EAST to WEST?
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1. Tropical Depression (TD)
Characteristics
• Poorly organized
• Winds < 39 mph
• Pressure drops L
http://earthobservatory.nasa.go
v/NaturalHazards/Archive/Oct2
002/
trop_dep_14_15oct02.jpg
Hurricane Development
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2. Tropical Storm (TS)
• pressure decreases
• winds speed increase
(39 -74 mph)
• Obvious CCW spiral
pattern
• Assigned a name
– ex. TS Katrina (‘05)
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/Archive/Sep2002/
Mekkhala_TMO2002268.jpg
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3. Hurricane
• wind speeds increase
( > 74 mph)
• pressures continues to
drop
• hurricane keeps name
http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/images/hurr-isabel-20030912-1915-g12vis.jpg
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Hurricane Season • June 1- November 30
• Peak: Why not June? Why July-Aug??
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/gifs/peakofseason.gif
http://www.srh.noaa.go
v/jetstream/tropics/tc_a
tlclimo_pct.htm
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TS Olga (12/2007)
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Westerly Winds
Trade Winds
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Hurricane Weakening
• storm reaches cooler waters
• storm make landfall
– its energy source (warm water) is
missing
• they collide with other systems (H, L)
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Hurricane Hugo
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How did this
hurricane make it
so far north?
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How did Irene
make it so far
north?
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LOW PRESSURE
OCEAN WATER
PULLED UPWARD
Hurricane Damage
• Storm Surge
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Storm Surge
• NOT a large wave…but steady rises in sea level
• Storm surge piles atop normal tide waters
• Gently sloping coastlines are most susceptible to storm
surges (see animation)
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Gulf Shores, AL (after Ivan ‘04)
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Gulf Shores,
Alabama
How did the
engineers
design this
condo with
hurricanes in
mind?
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Hurricane Damage
• Storm Surge
• Wind Damage
Hurricane
Michelle 2001
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http://homepages.wmich.edu/~cutrim/course/225/AguadoClassnotes/Chpt12/16
Second wind velocity diagram
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Hurricane Damage: Strong side vs. weak side
• Which city
experienced the
stronger wind
speeds?
• Explain why:
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Hurricane Damage
• Storm Surge
• Wind Damage
• Tornadoes
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Hurricane Damage
• Storm Surge
• Wind Damage
• Tornadoes
• Rainfall
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Image References & Citations
• ISS Images: http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-
9/inflight/ndxpage20.html
• Current Hurricane Info (TWC)
• Current TS Olga (12/07) http://www.cubaweather.org/
• GOES Satellite Images http://www.goes.noaa.gov/
• National Hurricane Center http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/
• Archived Hurricanes http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/history.shtml#wilma
• http://www.orangebeachcondo.com/ivan_updates.html
• http://www.pensacolasgreatest.com/HurricaneIvan.html