Election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson vs. John AdamsPublic Opinion was very important for the Dem-RepDem-Rep decided to control public opinion by

controlling the news papers.They created the National Intelligencer –

newspaper that was the #1 voice of Thomas Jefferson

To keep up with the Dem-Rep the Federalist Party launched the New York Evening Post

These papers not only help build up the Political Party but it also allowed people to keep up with what was going on in the Federal government

Election of 1800

Grassroots Campaigning Dem- Rep started to hold political BBQ where

they would serve food that were local to the area.

This allowed them to relate to people and visa versa

They would give speeches and bad mouth the opponent.

The Federalist party never mastered the Art of campaigning

Election of 1800

Aaron Burr was asked to be the vice-presidential candidate to Thomas Jefferson.

Before the 12th Amendment President and Vice President candidates were put on the same ballot.

Both Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson received 73 electoral votes

Arron Burr challenged Thomas Jefferson for the position of the President.

According to the Constitution the House of Representatives now get to vote who becomes the new President. ( controlled by the Federalist)

Election of 1800

Alexander Hamilton worked with the House of Representatives to get Thomas Jefferson elected.

Burr started to publicly speak poorly about Hamilton, Hamilton called Burr a liar

Burr challenged Hamilton to a dual and killed Hamilton

Burr was tried for treason, however considering duals are legal he was not found guilty.

Burr fled to the West and came up with a plan to take the Western lands away from the US.

Burr fled to Europe when his plan was discovered.

Jefferson’s Presidency

In Jefferson’s inaugural speech he spoke of a united republic, not a Dem-Rep and Federalist government

However he did release most of the Adam’s appointed Executive positions for people who did support the Dem-Rep.

Jefferson gave everyone that was arrested for the Sedition Act a full pardon.

Jefferson’s National Debt Plan

1. He cut the military spending in half2. He cut the naval spending by ¾ of what it

was under Adams3. He closed missions over seas

Midnight Judges

Lame Duck President- A President on his way out of office.

At this point the Federalist controlled the House, Senate and the President.

The federalist party were loosing control with the new Congress and President.

Created the Judiciary Act of 1801, which replaced the Judiciary Act of 1789.

It created more federal courts and 4 new Supreme court justices.

This allowed Federalist to at least maintain some control in the federal government

Marbury vs. Madison

William Marbury’s paperwork was not turned in on time, therefore Madison(new Sec. of State) refused to grant him his federal judge position

Marbury sued Madison asking the court to issue a writ of mandamus.

The court decided not to grant Marbury his judge position, however it did declare the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional and the Judiciary Act of 1801 constitutional

This was the first court case where the Supreme Court used Judicial Review

Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson wanted to expand the western border of America and be able to use the Mississippi River

There for he sent Robert Livingston and James Monroe to Paris to talk to Napoleon about purchasing parts of the Mississippi Valley and New Orleans for 10 million.

At this point France and England were at war and Napoleon was looking for money to continue his war

Louisiana Purchase

Napoleon didn’t care about the land in the West, so he actually offered to sell more land to the US

The Louisiana purchase would double the US in size and get another foreign nation out of America, however was it legal.

No where in the constitution did it mention about purchasing land from another country.(strict interpret)

Jefferson used his power of Implied powers of the President to be able to enter into treaties.

Treaty was approved by the Senate in 1803

Lewis and Clark

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were given the job to explore the Mississippi valley by Jefferson before the purchase of Louisiana.

However after the purchase they were asked to expand their exploration.

Along the way they picked up a Indian women named Sacagawea

Sacagawea helped Lewis and Clark speak to the Native Indians.

Election of 1804

First election that used the 12 AmendmentThomas Jefferson/George Clinton – Dem-RepCharles Pinckney / Rufus King – FederalistThomas Jefferson won in a landslideMainly because of the purchase of Louisiana

and trade was flourishing with England

Indian Resistance to Western movement

Prophet and Tecumseh were Shawnee Indians that were trying to get Indians to give up the western ways and return to Indian traditions

Prophet – traveled village to village preaching to give up white people traditions, epically alcohol.

Tecumseh was a warrior that trained Indians to fight against the whites.

They set up a village called Tippecanoe and warned the US to stay away.

Battle of Tippecanoe – US army destroyed the resistance

Trading troubles

American trade with Europe flourished until 1805 when France declared war on Britain. (Napoleonic War)

At first American traded with both France and England until England started to cease American trading ships and forcing the sailors to work on British ships ( impressment)

William Pinckney and James Monroe were sent to England to make a treaty for impressment

They came home with a treaty without mention of impressment, so Jefferson did not submit the treaty to Senate

Chesapeake Affair

The Chesapeake warship was sent out to protect American merchant ships.

British war ships shot at the American warship just 10 miles off American’s shore

American people cried for war, but was not ready for war ( Jefferson cut naval spending)

After the Chesapeake Affair Jefferson was forced to increase the naval budget.

Embargo Act

Jefferson forbid the export of American goods to European countries

The Act was unpopular with East coast States.

Even though unemployment was low during this time, many merchants ignored the Embargo and still traded with both nations

Election of 1808

James Madison(Dem-Rep) v. Charles Pinckney (Fed)Americans were upset with the Embargo Act that was

passed by the (Dem-Rep), however Madison was still able to win 122 to 47

Embargo Act was dropped Non Intercourse Act – could trade with all European

nations except France and England.Macon Bill #2 – we would open trade back up with

England and France if they stopped seizing American merchant ships

Napoleon lied so America would only trade with France and not England.

War of 1812

America tried to change British trading policy with diplomacy, however it didn’t work.

War Hawks – Dem-Rep in Congress that wanted war against England

England ordered that no more American ships were to be seized, however the news did not get back to America in time and war was declared

America was not ready because of lack of people in the military and lack of a strong navy

America offered the selling of western land if people joined the military. Enlistment increased

War of 1812

War in Canada did not go well because of leadership, even though the US outnumbered England we retreated more than we attacked

America only had 17 ships, however they controlled Lake Erie and won a major victory at the Battle of Put in Bay.

Battle of Thames – America started to push England back into Candida with the help of Indians changing sides to fight with America

War of 1812

British moved the war to Washington D.C., where they burnt the Presidential Mansion section of the White House

Battle of Baltimore – Francis Scott Key was captured and wrote the Star Spangled Banner (Poem)

Became our National Anthem in 1931At the same time Andrew Jackson was

fighting a war with Creek Indians in Tennessee, treaty was signed and now Jackson turned his attention to stopping the southern attack of the British

War of 1812

Battle of New OrleansTreaty of Ghent- treaty that ended the War of 1812 was signed before this battle, however news had

not traveled to Andrew JacksonBattle took place 2 weeks after the Treaty was

signedJackson killed over 2,000 British soldier and only

loosing 21 Americans. Jackson became an American hero because of his

dealing with the Indians and because of the Battle of New Orleans

Ghent Treaty

The treaty did not mention why the war started

Nothing was gained or lost from either side, things just went back to the way they were before the Napoleon War.

Pointless war, however sometimes known as the 2nd War for Independence for America