electric currents & circuits ap – ch 20 & 21 teaching lab you teach – simple circuit –...
TRANSCRIPT
Electric Currents & Circuits
AP – Ch 20 & 21
Teaching LAB
• YOU teach–Simple Circuit–Series Circuit–Parallel Circuit–Combo Circuit–Kirchoff’s Laws
Ch 20 & 21 Outline
• 1st Half of PPTX– New stuff from OpenStax text
• 2nd Half– My old stuff
Current
Figure 20.2
• The rate of flow of charge is current. An ampere is the flow of one coulomb through an area in one second.
Note Direction of I…
Conventional Current
Physical Current
+
+
-
-
exC 181025.61
Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s Law
• Started as two proportions–I through a RESISTOR V drop–I through a RESISTOR 1/R of resistor
• Put together:
RVI
Ohmic Material
• Any material where R is independent of I and V– Most metals & common conductors
Resistivity
Electrical Power
Intro Stuff
• Power–Same as regular P, but different
IVPt
qVP
t
WP
Intro Stuff
• Power…
WattsR
VV
R
VP
RIIRIP
IVP
2
2)(
Sect 20.6: Hume Bean Hazards
Ch 21: Circuits
Intro Stuff
• Electromotive Force–emf•Maximum V of battery
• Current–Flow of charge
t
qI
Intro Stuff
)(Ampere
As
C
t
qI
Intro Stuff
• Ohm’s Law–States linear relationship
between V & R
))(( OhmAmpVolt
IRV
Intro Stuff
• Resistance–Says what it means•e- has to ‘fight’ thru a wire or ‘resistor’
A
LR
A
LR
Intro Stuff
• Resistance–Radio Shack SCAM!
Intro Stuff
• Resistance–Radio Shack SCAM!
mx
mx
mx
Au
Al
Cu
8
8
8
1044.2
1065.2
1072.1
)02/03/2012 Updated(
/40.1758$:
)/06.0( /99.0$:
/24.0$:
ozAu
ozlbAl
ozCu
CONVENTIONAL Current
ELECTRON Current
CONVENTIONAL Current
ELECTRON Current
Intro Stuff
• Power–Same as regular P, but different
IVPt
qVP
t
WP
Intro Stuff
• Power…
WattsR
VV
R
VP
RIIRIP
IVP
2
2)(
Intro Stuff
•Wiring Circuits–Series / Parallel•Parallel
...111
...111
...
...
21
21
2
2
1
1
21
RR
R
RRR
R
V
R
V
R
V
III
T
T
T
T
T
WHY? C//
VC
QQQ
1
321...
...
...
...
321
332211
321
CCCC
VCVCVCCV
QQQQ
WHY? CSeries
VC
QQQ
1
321...
...1111
...
...
321
321
321
CCCC
CQ
CQ
CQ
CQ
VVVV
Quantitative Summary
221
r
qkqF
Coulomb’s Law:Force between any 2 charges
q
FE
Electric Field Strength:Force on test Q
r
qkqqVUE
21
Electric Potential Energy:Fd
d
VE
Electric Field (av):Potential at a distance
...2
2
1
1
r
q
r
qk
r
kqV
Electric POTENTIAL:NOT a vector…
V
QC
Capacitance:Property of Capacitors
d
AC o
Capacitance:Property of Capacitors
2
2
1
2
1CVQVUC
Energy stored in Capacitor:
t
QI
Definition of Electrical Current:SI Unit - Amps
t
QI
Definition of Electrical Current:SI Unit – Amps (A)
sec1
1025.61
sec1
11
18
exA
CA
Resistance in a WIRE:SI Unit – Ohms ()
A
LR
OHM’S LAW:All Circuits Must Obey…
IRV
OHM’S LAW:All Circuits Must Obey…
IRV
12V 6
AV
R
VI 2
6
12
Electrical Power:From P=W/t
R
V
RI
IVP
2
2
Series Circuits
...
...
...
21
21
21
VVV
III
RRRR
S
S
S
Parallel Circuits
...
...
...111
11
21
21
21
VVV
IIII
RRR
R
P
P
P
Circuits w/Capacitors
...111
11
21
CCC
CS
...1111
...
...
321
321
321
CCCC
CQ
CQ
CQ
CQ
VVVV
Circuits w/Capacitors
...21 CCCCP
...
...
...
321
332211
321
CCCC
VCVCVCCV
QQQQ
EXAMPLE #1• Three 12 resistors are used in two circuits; one in
series and one in parallel. What is the Requivalent of each circuit?
Series
12 12 12
36121212
321 RRRRREq
Parallel12
12
12
43
12
1231
121
121
121
11
1
R
REq
Series + Parallel12
12
12
612
18