1.0 INTRODUCTION

Electric power transmission is the bulk transfer of electrical energy, from generating power

plants to substations located near to population centers. This is followed by electricity

distribution, which is the final stage in the delivery of electricity to the users. A distribution

system’s network carries electricity from the transmission system and delivers it to consumers’

meter socket. A variety of methods, materials, and equipment are used among the various utility

companies, but the end result is similar. Typically, the network would include medium-voltage

(less than 50kV) power lines, electrical substations and pole mounted transformers, low-voltage

(less than 1 kV) distribution wiring and sometimes electricity meters.

Electrical Distribution is the generation of one or more different types of energy, transform them

into electrical energy and the transformations of this energy for distribution to the point of

consumption for the consumers.

The productions, transmissions of continuous and reliable bulk supply and cost per unit of power

delivered are very important for consumers either for domestic and industrial usage of nation.

These will affect the labor and cost of materials produced by the industries and standard of living

for the people. Electrical energy naturally can be acquired from either non-renewable or

renewable energy resources.

The different types of energy is generate, transform it into electrical energy. The transmission

process will occur to distribute this energy for consumption of consumers. Electrical energy can

be coming from either non-renewable or renewable energy sources. Power plants can produce

AC or DC. Generally AC is used in modern power system because it easy to converted into high

or low voltages by means of transformers.

2.0 OBJECTIVE

1. Identify the transmission and distribution of electricity from Generating Power Plant to

TNB’s substations in Sec. 7 and into various buildings in UiTM Shah Alam

2. Determine the incoming voltages received at a particular building in UiTM Shah Alam.

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3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1 POWER PLANT

The power plant generates 2420 MW of electricity the only power station in Malaysia

with triple fuel firing capability (gas, oil, and coal). In thermal power stations, mechanical power

is produced by a heat engine that transforms thermal energy. Most thermal power stations

produce steam, and these are sometimes called steam power stations. The power plant is referred

to as a cogeneration power plant or CHP (combined heat-and-power) plant. In countries where

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Stesen Janaelektrik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Kapar or Kapar Energy Ventures

district heating is common, there are dedicated heat plants called heat-only boiler stations.

Besides use of reject heat for process or district heating, one way to improve overall efficiency of

a power plant is to combine two different thermodynamic cycles. Most commonly, exhaust gases

from a gas turbine are used to generate steam for a boiler and steam turbine. The combination of

a "top" cycle and a "bottom" cycle produces higher overall efficiency than either cycle can attain

alone.

3.2 PYLON

The term pylon usually refers to a truncated pyramid or tower or an object shaped like one. In

common usage, the term "pylon" is generally taken to refer to any elongate support structure.

Pylon in electrical system is to support the wire that transmit power from the power plant

throughout the country to consumer either medium or small industries. In the other term, when

power is flow on the wire, there will have losses in voltage, so the voltage will in pylon wires is

high voltage different from unipole.

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Pylon At Seksyen 8

3.3 TRANSFORMER

Device that transfers electric energy from one alternating-current circuit to one or more other

circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping down) the voltage. Uses for

transformers include reducing the line voltage to operate low-voltage devices (doorbells or toy

electric trains) and raising the voltage from electric generators so that electric power can be

transmitted over long distances. Transformers act through electromagnetic induction; current in

the primary coil induces current in the secondary coil. The secondary voltage is calculated by

multiplying the primary voltage by the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary coil to that

in the primary.

In a power plant, a step up transformer is used maybe to step up 25 KV to 500kV for not loosing

power when transmitting the electrical to the consumer. Whether it step up or step down

transformers, the connections can be either Delta-Delta or Delta star, depending of how many

wires usage are need.

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Transformer at Seksyen 8

3.4 SUBSTATION

An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and

distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using

transformers. Electric power may flow through several substations between generating plant and

consumer, and may be changed in voltage in several steps.

A substation that has a step-up transformer increases the voltage while decreasing the current,

while a step-down transformer decreases the voltage while increasing the current for domestic

and commercial distribution. The word substation comes from the days before the distribution

system became a grid. The first substations were connected to only one power station where the

generator was housed, and were subsidiaries of that power station.

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33 Kv Substation At Hotel Uitm Shah Alam

33Kv /11kv Substation At Kompleks Belia Section7 Shah Alam.

An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and

distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using

transformers. Electric power may flow through several substations between generating plant and

consumer, and may be changed in voltage in several steps.

A substation that has a step-up transformer increases the voltage while decreasing the current,

while a step-down transformer decreases the voltage while increasing the current for domestic

and commercial distribution. The word substation comes from the days before the distribution

system became a grid. The first substations were connected to only one power station where the

generator was housed, and were subsidiaries of that power station.

3.5 FEEDER PILLAR

Rated Current : 400A - 2 Nos. (Incoming)

: 160A - 6 Nos. (Outgoing)

Rated Operational Voltage : 440 Volts

Rated Insulation Voltage : 1000 Volts

Rated Short Circuit withstand : 6kA/1 sec

strength with fuse link

Cable Termination : 300 sq. mm (Incoming) , 70 sq. mm (Outgoing)

Fuse Base : 160A (suitable for DIN Fuses)

Enclosure : Suitable for outdoor

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Feeder Pillar In Front Of Mawar College Uitm Shah

Alam

Degree of Protection : IP54 for Enclosure

Overall Size (L × H × W) : 650mm × 1245mm × 340mm

Application Standards :

1. Fuse Base - VDE 0636 Pt 1 & 21

2. Fuse - NH Fuse 100A

3. LV Switchgear & - IEC 60439-1

4. Control Gear assembly

5. Degree if protection - IEC 60529

The low voltage feeder pillar comprises of the following components :

Feeder Pillar Enclosure

Busbars

Current Transformer

Instrument Panel

Incoming Units

Outgoing Units

1. Feeder Pillar Enclosure

The metal enclosure is made of sheet steel of minimum 2mm thickness, mounted on a

steel base frame of minimum 3mm thickness. Enclosure is suitable for outdoor

application. The enclosure is fitted with 2 hinges lockable doors, with padlocking

facilities and arranged to open through >120 degrees for maximum access. Watershed

roof is provided to prevent the accumulation of water. Ample ventilation is provided to

permit natural circulation of air. The ventilation apertures are screened to prevent the

entry to vermin and foreign objects. The enclosure is fitted with lifting lugs.

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3.6 DISTRIBUTIN BOARD (DB)

A distribution board (or panelboard) is a component of an electricity supply system which

divides an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits, while providing a protective fuse or

circuit breaker for each circuit, in a common enclosure. Normally, a main switch, and in recent

boards, one or more Residual-current devices (RCD) or Residual Current Breakers with

Overcurrent protection (RCBO), will also be incorporated. The pictures above showed a DB in

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Distribution Board at Block 1

level 7 in block 1 in Science and Technology building in UiTM Shah Alam. The distribution

diagram showed that the electric are distributed according to their needs as below:

i. Store – 3kW

ii. Computer center – 3kW

iii. Audio Visual Room – 4kW

iv. Lecture Room – 5kW

v. Mechanical & Electrical Room – 6kW

All the current provided are similar to every level for the whole block 1. For laboratories, the

current provided is higher than the other rooms because all the laboratories have large

equipments that need high voltage of electric.

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4.0 CONCLUSION

From the assignment, we can conclude that power electrical distribution in UiTM is starting from

outside which is from Generating Power Plant and passing through stage by stage until arrived at

UiTM. The power distributed into UiTM from outsides must firstly flow through Hotel UiTM

substation before it is distributed to academic blocks and faculties which every blocks and

faculties have the Distribution board which divided or distribute the electricity to every level

depends of their needs. As we can see from the figures above, each of the systems, substations

and components are important in supplying and distributing the electricity especially in UiTM

area where the needs of electricity is high. Other than that, the electric distribution for laboratory

is higher because they provide large equipments which needs the high voltage of electricity.

4.1 RECOMMENDATIONS

As a recommendation, we should improve our safety standard in electric power distribution. As

we know, there are few cases of injuries happen at power plant due to lack of safety procedure.

But the main problem is outside the power plant where in involved unprofessional handy which

is civilian or consumer. Malaysia has increasingly aware about the safety of the civilian when

authorities not allowed any building or houses beneath the transmission line, although there are

few cases that still exist such the pylon tower are too near to housing area. This can endanger

nearby civilian/consumer if the pylon fell sideway or the distribution line snap. Authorities

should also increased their safety standard in distribution line such make the cable wrap thicker

and the law enforcement should always be on the alert on sensitive area such as distribution

house, substations, cable line in remote area as prig try to steal cable line as it expose the high

voltage line and can endangered innocent civilian. The involved parties should also make an

effort to educate civilian in handling electric power such as make a talk or simple course on how

to handle this kind of problem.

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5.0 REFERENCES

Book:

Stephen L. Herman, 2005,ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMERS & ROTATING

MACHINE, Second Edition.

Building services Diploma book

J.G. Ciezki and R.W. Ashton, “A Survey of AC Drive Propulsion Options,” presented at

the 3rd Naval Symposium on Electric Machines, December 4-7, 2000.

Stephen J. Chapman, Electric Machinery Fundamentals, pp. 359-373 and pp. 482-501,

McGraw Hill, New York, 1985.

Raymond Ramshaw and R.G. van Heeswijk, Energy Conversion: Electric Motors and

Generators, pp. 255-265, Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, 1990

Clive Lewis, “The advanced induction motor,” Power Engineering Society Summer

Meeting, Vol. 1, pp. 250-253, IEEE, 2002.

Website:

http:// www.protechmotor.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/

http://www.energyvortex.com/

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6.0 APPENDICES

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DB for Block 1Inside the DB

Distribution Diagram

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Electrical Distribution