electric power generation and the environment
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Electric Power Generation and the Environment. Health Physics Society Power Reactor Section. History Of Electricity. Static Electricity – Ancient Greeks Franklin Invents Lightning Rods - 1752 Faraday Discovers Electromagnetic Induction – early 1800’s - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Electric Power Generation and the
Environment
Health Physics SocietyPower Reactor Section
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History Of Electricity Static Electricity – Ancient Greeks
Franklin Invents Lightning Rods - 1752
Faraday Discovers Electromagnetic Induction – early 1800’s
Edison Invents the Light Bulb and Generating Stations in NYC – 1882
Tesla Invents Alternating Current Motor for Westinghouse - 1888
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Faraday’s Law Moving a magnet
through a wire loop produces an electric current.
Called “electromagnetic” induction.
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Generator
A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
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North America At Night
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Earth At Night
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U.S. Sources Today
Gas17.9%
Oil2.3%
Nuclear20.4%
Hydro6.9%
Renewable2.2%
Coal50.3%
Source: EIA - Updated 11/03
(2002)
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3,831.0
5,787.0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
2002 2025Growth in Electricity Demand
Bill
ion
kWh
Future Energy Need
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Sources Tomorrow
(2025)
?
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Energy Policy Goals
Increase energy supply
Optimize available resources
Develop new technology
Limiting environmental impact
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A Question Of Balance
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Pros & Cons COAL
HYDRO
NATURAL GAS
SOLAR & WIND
cheap and abundant but source of greenhouse gases
clean but seasonal and no new
sources
cleaner than coal but limited supply
renewable but expensive, low energy
density, and intermittent
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Pros & Cons
NUCLEAR
high energy density
no air pollution
reliable fuel supply but what about safety, security,
and waste?
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High Energy Density Each person in the United States uses either:
4 tons of coal or a few ounces of uranium
1 pellet = 150 gallons gasoline 1780 pounds coal 16,000 ft3 natural gas 2.5 tons wood
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No Air Pollution
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
76% 22% 1.4% 0.7% 0.1%Nuclear Hydro Geothermal Wind Solar
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Global Nuclear Power 442 Nuclear Plants Worldwide
25% in the United States
Strong growth internationally, China is the fastest growing maket
Source: International Atomic Energy Agency
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103 Nuclear Power Reactors
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But What About… Safety, Security, and
Waste?
Designed, Constructed, and Operated for Safety
Robust Security
Used Fuel Storage at Yucca Mountain
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Safety By Design: Low “Enrichment”
Fission “chain reaction”: E = m * c2
U-235 atoms fission. 5% in fuel, 95% in bombs.
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Safety By Design: Fuel Rods
The uranium fuel is made of solid ceramic pellets.
The fuel pellets are sealed inside zirconium alloy rods that are about 13’ long.
~236 rods in each assembly
~200 assemblies in the reactor core
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Safety By Design: Reactor Vessel
Typical values:
Weight: 400 tons
Thickness: 8 inches
Fuel Assemblies (Core)
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Safety By Design: PWR Containment
Initial Construction
Completed Concrete Dome
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Multiple Layers of Protection
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Nuclear Plant Security Areas
Vital Area
Owner Controlled
Area
Protected Area
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Active Vehicle Barrier System
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Intrusion Detection• CCTV on poles
• Delay Fence
• Intrusion Detection
• Perimeter checks
• Roving Patrols
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Defensive Fighting Position
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Fuel Assemblies Cool In Pools
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Temporary Dry Storage On Site
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Yucca Mountain Site
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Careers in Nuclear Design
Next Generation Power Plants Equipment Reliability Transportation Casks
Engineering Electrical and Mechanical Instrumentation and Control Nuclear
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Careers in Nuclear Health Physics
Environmental Operations Regulations
Chemistry Corrosion Protection
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Websites Nuclear Regulatory Commission
www.nrc.gov
Nuclear Energy Institute www.nei.org
Health Physics Society www.hps.org
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Thanks…for your interest and patience !