electrical and electronic equipment in france
TRANSCRIPT
2012Data
COLLECTION REPÈRES
Legislation Organisation Market Collection OutlookTreatment
Electrical and ElectronicEquipment in France
Europe
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"Waste electrical and electronic equipment" or "WEEE" refers to electrical orelectronic equipment which has been discarded by its end user. “Electrical andelectronic equipment" or "EEE" refers to equipment which is dependent onelectric currents or electromagnetic fields to function properly, as well asequipment for the generation, transfer and measurement of such currents andfields, designed for use with a voltage rating not exceeding 1,000 Volt foralternating current and 1,500 Volt for direct current. This term includes a highnumber of devices of various sizes and weights: washing machine, mobilephone, TV, drill, ATMs, electronic thermometer, lamp, etc.
Following the transposition of the European Directive 2002/96/EC (the WEEEDirective) into French law in July 2005, the collection and treatment of WEEEofficially began in France on 13 August 2005 for professional waste, and on 15November 2006 for household waste. Collection and treatment of householdWEEE in French overseas departments began one year later, on 15 November2007.
The law requires all producers of EEE to submit a declaration to the nationalWEEE Register, managed by ADEME (https://registres.ademe.fr), stating thequantities put on the French market and the quantities of waste subsequentlycollected and treated.
A report on WEEE is released by ADEME each year, based on data drawn mainlyfrom the Register. The present summary is based on the report for 2012.
Updated data are posted annually at www.ademe.fr/publications
Electrical and electronic equipment in France – Data 2012 - Summary2
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Legislation
French legislationEuropean legislation
Decree 2005-829 of 20 July 2005(codified in articles R543-172 to R543-206
of the Environment Code)
Completed by:
Completed or modified by:
Modified by:
Directive 2002/96/EC: WEEE13 August 2005
Decree 2012-617 of 2 May 2012Directive 2003/108/EC: WEEE
(modification)
Decision of 11/03/04Questionnaire for national implementation reports
Decision of 03/05/05Rules applicable to national monitoring procedures
Directive 2008/34/EC: WEEE(modification)
Directive 2012/19/EU: WEEE13 August 2012(revision)
Notice of 26/10/05: annexe IB, scope of application
Art-L541-10-2 of the Environment Code (art. 87 LRF 2005)
Art-L541-10-2 of the Environment Code(art. 87 LRF 2005)
Order of 13/07/06: “lamps” order
Arrêté du 23/11/2005 : substances RoHS modifié par l'arrêté du 18/03/2011
Order of 30/06/09: producer register (abrogating the Order of 13/03/06)
5 Orders of 23/12/09: renewed approval of the 4 householdWEEE Producer Responsibility Organisations (PROs) and of the OCAD3E as coordinating organisation
Order of 18/03/11: RoHS substances
Order of the 05/06/12: approval procedure and specifications for PROs responsible for professional WEEE
(abrogating the Order of 23/11/2005)
4 Orders of 01/08/12and 2 Orders of 19/12/12 (extension):
approval of the 4 professional WEEE PROs
Completed or modified by:
Directive 2002/95/EC: RoHS/LdSD1 July 2006
Decisions of 18/08/05, 13/10/05, 21/10/05, 21/04/06 and 12/10/06 on substances
Directive 2011/65/EU: RoHS/LdSD1 January 2013 (revision)
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European legislation
Directive 2002/96/EC, known as the “WEEEDirective”, and Directive 2002/95/EC,known as the “RoHS Directive”, set upthe European regulatory framework forthe separate collection and treatmentof electrical and electronic equipmentwaste in each Member State.
The WEEE Directive has been modifiedin 2012 and must be transposed intoFrench legislation by February 14th, 2014.
Les 5 statuts de producteur
Manufacturer Sells under its own brand products manufactured in France
Importater Imports from a country outside the EU
Introducer Imports from another EU Member State
Reseller under its own brand Resells products under its own brand only
Distance seller Direct seller of household EEE from abroad of household equipment by post or Internet communication
The 5 Categories of Producers
The 10 Categories of Equipment
1 Large household appliances
2 Small household appliances
3 IT and telecommunications equipment
4 Consumer equipment
5 Lighting equipment
6 Electrical and electronic tools
7 Toys, leisure and sports equipment
8 Medical devices
9 IMonitoring and control instruments
10 Automatic dispensers
The WEEE Directive specifically requires:
∎ EEE eco-design in order to facilitateWEEE reuse and treatment;
∎ separate collection of WEEE;
∎ systematic selective treatment ofspecific components and hazardoussubstances
∎ reuse, recycling and recovery ofcollected WEEE with high recyclingand recovery targets.
The RoHS Directive lists substances thatare banned or strictly controlled inequipment manufacturing. Most EEEdevices are affected by this list.
The French Decree 2005-829 of 20 July2005, complemented by the order 2012-617 of 2 May 2012 and codified in thearticles R543-172 – R543-206 of theEnvironment Code, transposes the directive2002/96/EC. It introduces the differ-entiation between household and pro-fessional EEE, the status of Producer
(5 categories of producers are defined),the free take back system by the retailer(an obligation called “one for one” takeback), or the visible fee (the producers andretailers have to inform the purchaser ofthe cost of WEEE disposal on the invoice).
4 Electrical and electronic equipment in France – Data 2012 - Summary
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OrganisationHOUSEHOLD WEEE PROFESSIONAL WEEE
The Decree offers two options to producers of householdequipment. They can either implement an individual col-lection and treatment scheme subject to approval bypublic authorities (no individual scheme has been approvedto date) or join an approved Producer ResponsibilityOrganisation (PRO) responsible for the collection andtreatment of household equipment.
PROs Accredited for the Collection and Treatment of Household Equipment
Category 5 WEEE(Lighting equipment)
www.ecologic-france.com
www.eco-systemes.fr
www.erp-recycling.fr
www.recylum.com
In 2006, these four PROs founded OCAD3E, the associationresponsible for coordinating and managing relationshipsbetween Producer Responsibility Organisations and localauthorities, who play a major role in household WEEEcollection. The collection of Household WEEE is organised in fiveseparate waste streams.
The 5 Waste Streams
“GEM F” Large cooling appliances
“GEM HF”Large household appliances (except for cooling appliances)
“Écrans” - Screens
“PAM” - Other small appliances
“Lampes” - Lamps
Household WEEE is collected by:
∎ local authoritieswho have set up a separate collectionscheme and signed a contract with the OCAD3E toreceive compensation for collection costs. By the end of2012, 62 million French citizens had access to such aseparate collection system for WEEE, notably through4.000 treatment centres
∎ distributors. By the end of 2012, there were more than22.000 collection points for WEEE, with 18.000 for lamps
∎ not-for-profit and community organisations involved inreuse operations.
All WEEE except Category 5
Owners of professional EEE are responsible for the end-of-life of products placed on the market before 13 August2005, except when such equipment has been replaced bynew devices (taken back by the supplier).The end-of-life of professional EEE put into circulation after13 August 2005, or of older equipment having been theobject of replacement, is the responsibility of the producer,who is given three options:
∎ implementing an individual scheme for collectionand treatment (no approval is necessary, unlike for thehousehold sector).
∎ delegating disposal to the end-user. This option isavailable only when a direct contractual relationshipexists with the end-user (i.e. no sales intermediary), andmust be specified in the equipment’s terms of sale.
∎ joining an approved Producer Responsibility Organi-sation accredited for the collection and treatment ofcertain types of professional WEEE.
As of 15 August 2012, 4 PROs have been accredited for theprofessional WEEE sector.
Only Category 6 equipment, except those from the dentistrysector, and Category 7 equipment are not covered by aPRO accreditation.
PROs Accredited for the Collection and Treatment of Professional Equipment
WEEE from categories6 and 8 of the dentistry sector
www.ecologic-france.com
www.eco-systemes.fr
www.recylum.com
www.recydent.fr
WEEE from categories1, 2, 3 and 4
WEEE from categories1, 2 and 10
WEEE from categories5, 8 and 9
The collection of professional WEEE, compared to thecollection of household WEEE, is characterised by highlyvarying waste flows, which has led to the development ofspecific offers by service providers and PROs: on-site collectionon request, adapted logistics, internet services, etc.
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Treatment
Five types of WEEE treatment can beidentified. They are ranked on the rightaccording to the degree of priority stipu-lated by the legislation:
French designation Type of treatment
“Réemploi ou réutilisation” Reuse of whole devices
“Réutilisation en pièces” Reuse of device components
“Recyclage” Material recycling
“Valorisation énergétique” Energy recovery
“Destruction ou élimination”
Disposal without material or energyrecovery (landfill, incineration without energy recovery)
The main WEEE treatment steps
In the treatment centre, WEEE undergoesdifferent operational steps. These stepsvary depending on the nature of the WEEEstreams to be treated and the recoveringprocesses set up by the operator. Thetreatment process can usually be dividedinto 6 main steps:
∎ Dismantling (separation of the differentcomponents) and decontamination(removal of polluting and hazardousmaterials and substances)
∎ Shredding of equipment into smallpieces
∎ Electromagnetic separation of ferrouswaste using magnets
∎ Optical sorting in order to collect theelectronic cards which are treatedlater in a different way to recover thestrategic materials included in thispart of WEEE
∎ Separation of the non ferrous metalmaterial by Eddy Currents (includingcopper)
∎ Separation of the plastics by opticalsorting or floating (in a tank containing
liquid, materials are separated basedon their ability to float or absorbwater. For instance paper will fall intothe tank while plastic will float).
After sorting, the different materials in-cluded into WEEE can be directly recoveredor can undergo other treatment steps.
Electric cards extracted during WEEE treatment
Plastic TV shells before shredding Metallic components from WEEE treatment
© B
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6 Electrical and electronic equipment in France – Data 2012 - Summary
English designation
Reuse
Component reuse
Recycling
Energy recovery
Disposal
0
50
100
150
200
250
2006
201215 210
164184
219229
2007 2008 2009 2010 20122011Years
Tonnage - thousands
0
200
400
600
800
1 000
1 200
1 400
1 600
1 800
2006
1 3361 429 1 465 1 412 1 453 1 446 1 373
2007 2008 2009 2010 2012Years
Tonnage - thousands
2011
Market609 million EEE were put on the French market in 2012, corresponding to 1.60 million tonnes of EEE, or 160 times the weight of the Eiffel Tower.
The market is changing quickly but isstill impacted by the economic crisis.Market trends include the rise of tabletsales, the development of more sophisticatedsmart phones or lighter mobile phonesand the decrease of Television sales incomparison to 2011.
According to the GfK Retail & TechnologyInstitute, French national revenues in thesector (taking into account TV, audio andvideo equipment, computers, tablets, mobilephones or numeric cameras) underwent a6% decrease in 2012, reaching 15.8 billioneuro all taxes included.
Data from the Register reflect these trends.In 2012, a 6% decrease in the number ofEEE and a 4% decrease in the tonnagesintroduced on the market can be observed.This is confirmed by all the professionalplayers. The economic crisis is the mainfactor explaining this decrease.
The decline in unit sales in the householdsector is partially counterbalanced by the
increase in units and tonnage of professionalEEE put on the market.
The main market trends observed in2012 are:
∎ The decrease of sales from Category7 (toy, leisure and sport equipment),can be explained by consumer budgetcuts because of the economic crisis.
∎ The weight reduction of products fromCategory 3 and 4 (IT and telecom-munications equipment and consumerequipment), can be explained by thereplacement of computers by lightertablet computers and smartphones.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1 000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Categories
Tonnage - thousands
2009
2010
2011
2012
Distribution of total tonnage of equipment put on the market, by category and by year
HOUSEHOLD EEE PROFESSIONAL EEE
546 million units of Household Equipment put on themarket in 2012 (-7% compared to 2011)Corresponding to 8.5 devices per capita
The tonnages put on the market (1 373 407 tonnes in2012) have also decreased (-5% compared to 2011),reflecting the effects of the economic crisis.
62.6 million units of Professional Equipment put on themarket in 2012 (+11% compared to 2011)Equipment average weight: 3,7 kg
Contrary to the trend observed for the household sector,quantities of professional EEE put on the market (229 285tons in 2012) have increased (+5% compared to 2011).
Evolution of total tonnage of household equipmentput on the market between 2006 and 2012
Evolution of total tonnage of professional equipment puton the market between 2006 and 2012
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Manufacturer : 51 %
Reseller under own brand : 6 %
Importer : 12 %
Introducer : 32 %
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1 000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Categories
2009
2010
2011
2012
Tonnage - thousands
HOUSEHOLD EEE PROFESSIONNAL EEE
63% of total tonnage is composed of large householdappliances (category 1).
The research work, carried out by the newly accredited pro-fessional PROs to identify potential members, led to the in-crease of registered tonnages put on the market, for categories1, 5, 8 and 9.
IT and telecommunication equipment items (category 3)represent 40% of the total tonnage put on the market butthe Category 5 and 9 equipment are now the mostrepresented on the market in terms of units.
Distribution of total tonnage of household equipmentput on the market, by category and by year
If we compare the quantities placed on the market in unitsand tonnage, it can be observed that the average weightper unit of category 4 (TV, Hi-Fi System, etc.) has de-creased by 14% and now reach 1.7kg, versus 1.9kg in2011. This decrease illustrates the continuous efforts madeto reduce the weight of these EEE, which has decreased by30% since 2009.
Distance seller : < 1 %
Reseller under own brand : 9 %
Introducer : 24 %
Importer : 33 %
Manufacturer : 34 %
In 2012, contributions received by PROs for householdEEE put on the market totalled €181 million, a figurewhich is less than contributions in 2011 (193 millioneuro). This amount is proportional to the quantities placedon the market.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Categories
2009
2010
2011
2012
Tonnage - thousands
Distribution of total tonnage of professional equipmentput on the market, by category and by year
34% of household equipment are put on the market byFrench producers (in tonnage)
and 33% come from non EU Countries.
51% of the professional equipment are placed on themarket by French producers (in tonnage)
and 12% come from non EU Countries.
Distribution of total tonnage of professional devicesput on the market in 2012, by type of producerTotal tonnage put on the market : 229,285 tonnes
The share of equipment for which disposal is delegatedto the end user have decreased significantly (6% in2012 versus 12% in 2011), in favour of the newlyaccredited Producer Responsibility Organisations (PROs).
Tonnage of household devices put on the marketin 2012 by type of producer
Total tonnage put on the market : 1,373,407 tonnes
8 Electrical and electronic equipment in France – Data 2012 - Summary
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Récylum : 0,8 %
ERP : 8 %
Ecologic : 16,6 %
Eco-systèmes : 74,6 %
HOUSEHOLD EEE PROFESSIONNAL EEE
Most EEE devices are still managed by an individual scheme,but this distribution of organisations could change in thefuture. Some of these PROs were recently accredited fornew professional categories (categories 1 and 2), in early2013.
It should be noticed that a significant part of categories 5,8, 9 and 10 products are already declared as managed by aPRO.
Market share by PRO in 2012Total tonnage for all categories
The market share of ERP keeps decreasing in 2012 infavour of Eco-systemes.
PROs : 23 %
Management by end-user : 6 %
Individual scheme : 70 %
Distribution of total tonnage of professional equipmentput on the market in 2012, by type of organisationTotal tonnage put on the market: 229,285 tonnes
Collection470,556 tonnes de WEEE were collected in 2012 (+0.08 %)Corresponding to more than 2.26 million tonnes of WEEE collected since 2006
In 2012, the tonnage of collected WEEEstabilised ( 470,192 tonnes in 2011). Thecategory 1 (Large Household Appliances)still represents the most important partof collected tonnages because the weightsper unit of these equipments are heavy.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Categories
Tonnage - thousands
2009
2010
2011
2012
Distribution of total tonnage of WEEE collected between 2009 and 2012by category and by year
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HOUSEHOLD WEEE PROFESSIONAL WEEE
452 732 tonnes of Household WEEE were collected bythe 4 accredited PRO, in 2012
Corresponding to stable tonnages in comparison to 2011
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500 Large cooling appliances
Large appliances (other than cooling)
Screens
Small appliances (mixed)
Lamps
10
159
284
371
417448 453
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Years
Tonnage - thousands
Evolution of household WEEE collected in 2012, by waste stream between 2006 and 2012
62 million inhabitants are covered by WEEE collectionschemes (includes all WEEE streams except for lamps)and 50 million inhabitants have access to collectionpoints for lighting equipment.
N.B.:
∎ collection schemes have slightly increased in 2012, exceptfor TV screens (-9 %). The high quantity of CRT screenscollected in 2011 was due to the transition to digital TV,which greatly increased the quantity collected;
∎ the amount of collected lamps is still rising and thereturn ratio for lamps (collected quantities comparedto volumes put on the market under Category 5)amounted to 39% in 2012 (+6% compared to 2011);
∎ the collection of large household appliances has increasedslightly (+4%). However, it is still negatively impacted bythe pickup of discarded items from the streets and thelooting of drop-off centres by individuals wishing to sellthe metallic components;
∎ finally, collection of small appliances continues to intensify(+20% compared to 2010), mainly due to the multiplicationof available collection points.
68% of collected WEEE come from drop-off centres(in tonnes)26% come from retailer’s collection points or fromthe “one-for-one take-back” during delivery.
Collection efforts made by PROs have led to a slight increasein the quantities collected, despite a declining market.
In 2012, the collection shares of the 4 accredited PROwere the same as 2011 and very close to the marketshares.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Categories
Tonnage - thousands
2009
2010
2011
2012
Distribution of tonnage of collected professional WEEE, by category and by year
17 824 tonnes of Professional WEEE were declared ascollected in 2012 Corresponding to -20% compared to 2011
N.B.:
∎ collected WEEE are composed almost exclusively byequipment of category 3 (IT and telecommunicationsequipment represent 80 % of total tonnage). This cat-egory sharply declined in 2012 (-22 % compared to2011) due to varying declarations by a few importantproducers, illustrating the irregularity of professionalWEEE to collect from one year to the other. ;
∎ this distribution can be explained by the differencesbetween the lifespan of products (for example thelifespan of household appliance – category 1 and electricaland electronic tools – category 6 is longer than thelifespan of category 3). It can be also explained by thelack of organisation of the professional WEEE col-lection industry. The recent accreditation of PROs forprofessional WEEE should increase the collected volumes,especially for the categories which are underrepresented.
10 Electrical and electronic equipment in France – Data 2012 - Summary
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HOUSEHOLD WEEE PROFESSIONAL WEEE
With 6.9 kg WEEE collected per capita in 2012 atnational level (the same value as 2011) , the target of 4kg per capita by 31 December 2006 set by the EuropeanDirective was surpassed. However, the objective of col-lecting 8 kg per capita by 2012 assigned to PROs hasnot been reached.
Réunion Guadeloupe MayotteMartinique Guyane
Less than 4
kg per capita
4 - 8
8 - 10
Above 10
29 22
56
44
85
49
5335
50 14
61
72
37
8679
1716
33
40
64
65
31
0911
66
34 13
30 84
83
0604
05
73
74
38
260748
12
8182
32
4746
2315 43
63
19
36
18
41
45
28
78
9177
89
58
03
42 69
01
71
21
5210
51
0260
95
8076
6259
08
55
54
57
67
8868
9070
25
39
94
93
92
75
24
87
27
2b
2a
Household WEEE collected in 2012,per capita by department (kg per capita)
In 2012, 97% of the collected tonnage was collected byindividual schemes set up by producers.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Individual scheme PROs
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Categories
% 1 % 43 % 1 % 27 % <1 %
Share of the WEEE collected in 2012,by equipment category and organisation scheme
The first tonnages declared by PROs accredited in August2012 have been registered (categories 3, 5, 8, 9 and 10 fora total of 556 tonnes collected). Following the accreditationof Récyclum, the tonnages of category 5 have increasedby 92% compared to 2011 and the collection share ofthis PRO is approaching 43% for this category. Similareffects on the other categories are expected for 2013.
However, PROs anticipate specific issues related to theprofessional sector in comparison to the collection ofhousehold waste:
∎ the waste streams can vary strongly and are unpredictable(for example, the waste stream increases significantlywhen a producer decides to renew all of his IT supplies) ;and,
∎ the needs of professionals call for adapted servicesand logistics.
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The figures of WEEE treated in Francepresented in this section are underesti-mated compared to the real amount ofWEEE treated each year. They representthe quantities treated at the request ofthe producers and PROs that are reg-istered on the WEEE Register. The treat-ment centres treat higher amounts ofWEEE, particularly the professional WEEEthat are managed by end users or historicalWEEE (put on the market before August13th, 2005) which do not have to beregistered.
Treatment463,588 tonnes of WEEE were declared as treated in 201277% of these WEEE were recycled
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Categories
Tonnage - thousands
2009
2010
2011
2012
Distribution of treated WEEE, by category and by year
77% (in tonnage) of materials includedin WEEE were recycled. The other typesof treatment include destruction(13%), energy recovery (7%), reuse(2%, whole appliances) or componentreuse (< 1%).
In 2012, 124,442 tonnes of componentsand substances were declared as specificproducts extracted during the treat-ment process (+4% compared to 2011).The WEEE Directive requires these prod-ucts to be declared separately becauseof their pollution potential or high recy-clability.
In 2012, regulatory targets for recyclingand recovery (set in the WEEE Directive)were achieved by France, for all cate-gories except for category 10 (automaticdispensers). For this category, the reuse
and recycling rates are respectively equalto 68% and 71% while the regulatorytargets are 75% and 80% respectively.
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 5a 6 7 8 9 10Categories
% Regulatory targets Reuse and recycling share
Reuse and recycling rates achieved compared to the regulatory targets,by equipment category
HOUSEHOLD WEEE PROFESSIONAL WEEE
In 2012, 446,083 tonnes of Household WEEE weredeclared as treated by the 4 accredited PROs (-1%)
The difference between the tonnages collected and treatedcould be explained by the stocking of WEEE by PROs in 2012.
The distribution of quantities treated by waste streamslogically follows the quantities of WEEE collected: 53 % oftotal tonnage consists of large household appliances (« GEMF » and « GEM HF »).
In 2012, 17,504 tonnes of professional WEEE weredeclared as treated (-1%)
by 4 PROs and 279 registered producers
Category 3 represents 86 % of the total tonnage.
12 Electrical and electronic equipment in France – Data 2012 - Summary
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Larges cooling appliances : 18 %
Screens : 23 %
Larges appliances (other than cooling) : 35 %
Lamps : 1 %
Small appliances(mixed) : 23 %
Distribution of household WEEE treated in 2012, by waste stream
Total treated: 446,083 tonnes
10 - Automatic dispensers : 5 %
9 - Monitoring and control instruments : <1 %
8 - Medical devices : 3 %
6 - Electrical and electronic tools : <1 %
5 - Lighting equipment : 4 %
3 - IT and telecommunications equipment : 86 %
1 - Large household appliances : 1 %
Distribution of professional WEEE treated in 2012,by equipment type
Total treated: 17,504 tonnes
Component reuse : 1 %
Disposal : 5 %
Energy recovery : 15 %
Reuse (whole appliances) : 29 %
Recycling : 50 %
The renewal of IT installations offers interesting reuse op-portunities, both qualitatively and quantitatively. 47% ofthe reuse of whole devices takes place outside the EU and29% in France (in tonnage), while the reuse of components,recycling, energetic recovery and disposal occur almostexclusively in the EU (over 99% of the tonnage for eachof these types of treatment).
According to a study by ADEME on WEEE treatmentcentres, at least 140,000 tonnes of professional WEEEwere treated in 2010, while only 16 021 tonnes wererecorded. This indicates that some historical WEEE (puton the market before 13 August 2005) or of which end-of-life management have been delegated to the end userare thus treated in France, but not declared on the WEEEregister, in compliance with the regulation. Therefore, thetonnages presented above, extracted from the register,are not representative of the total amount of professionalWEEE produced and treated in France
HOUSEHOLD WEEE PROFESSIONAL WEEE
Component reuse : <1 %
Reuse (whole appliances) : 1 %
Energy recovery : 7 %
Disposal : 13 %
Recycling : 78 %
Distribution of household WEEE treated in 2012, by type of treatment
Total treated: 446,083 tonnes
Distribution of professional WEEE treated in 2012, by treatment type
Total treated: 17,504 tonnes
Concerning reuse, quantities reused as whole devices anddeclared as such to the Register correspond to the tonnageof equipment which goes back onto the market for asecond life after having been repaired. However, not allequipment sent to reuse organisations finds their wayback to the market, either because they cannot be repaired,or because they are no longer marketable (obsolete tech-nology, high energy consumption, etc.). In 2012, thevolume of WEEE reused, represent only 10% of thetonnage originally destined for reuse (4 479 tonnesreused versus 47 666 tonnes collected). The reuse ofhousehold equipment is exclusively carried out in France.
Over 99% of household WEEE is treated in France in2012 (1% in Belgium).
78% of materials used in household WEEE wererecycled.
53% of the WEEE is treated in France and 24% in theEuropean Union
50% Professional WEEE is recycled and 29% is reused(in tonnages).
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ECONOMIC DATAFor information, the turnover of technical goods (including TVs, Hi-Fi equipment, computers, tablets, mobile phones andnumeric camera) was €15.8 billion in France in 2012 (-6 %).
Revenues of PROs (contributions from producers) for the collection and treatment of household EEE in 2012: € 181 million (-6 %)
Revenues of PROs (contributions from producers) for the collection and treatment of professional EEE in 2012: € 1.3 million.
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EERA (European Electronics RecyclersAssociation) assessed that 8 to 9 milliontonnes of EEE are put on the marketevery year. Similar to the situation inFrance, the quantities of EEE put on themarket are decreasing because of theeconomic crisis and equipment weightreduction.
Collection and treatment performancesvary across Member States. In 2011, theapparent collection rate (tonnage collectedduring the year divided by the tonnageput on the market the same year) achievedby France, UK, Germany, the Netherlandsand Poland varied between 28% and 38%(EERA Data).
Moreover, Norway and Switzerland statedthat they reached collection rates equalto 30 and 17 kg/cap respectively. For2011 (Data from the magazine “RecyclageRécupération”), this figure is much higherthan the European target of 4kg/cap andFrance’s performance (6.9 kg/cap.).
The WEEE declared as collected andtreated every year in Europe, representonly 25% to 30% of the equipmentplaced on the market the same year. Thedifference is partially due to the equipmentholding period (i.e. the equipment puton the market are collected quite laterbecause they are used for several years(service life) and eventually stocked beforeentering into the collection sector) butalso because of the incompleteness andinaccuracy of declarations.
The registered data therefore does notaccount for the free market or the realquantities of collected and treated WEEEin Europe, which are not all subject todeclarations.
Furthermore, data consolidation and com-parison is difficult because of the differ-ences in interpretation and implementationof the EU directive and the various re-quirements for declarations among Mem-ber States. Therefore, an aspect to considerfor the future is the harmonisation ofMember State’s practices, which couldbe favoured by the transposition of thenew Directive.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
France UK Germany Netherlands Poland
29 %35 %
38 %
28 % 28 %
2011 Return Rate 2011 Average 2019 Target
%
WEEE in Europe
14
Collection performances in Europe
Electrical and electronic equipment in France – Data 2012 - Summary
Synthèse EEE IM GB ok_Mise en page 1 04/04/14 09:13 Page14
OutlookThe number of productsput on the market is likelyto decrease…
The decline of products put on the marketobserved in 2012 could continue in 2013.The technology breakthroughs are leadingthe design in lighter equipment, a trendwhich is responsible for the reduction inthe tonnage or number of units put onthe market.
...while collection rates be-come more ambitious…
While the quantities of products placedon the market are decreasing, resultingin a decrease in PRO revenues (contri-butions from producers) to finance theindustry, the rise of the targets for col-lection and treatment needs to be an-ticipated, at the European and Frenchlevel. Today, 82 French “départements”(out of 101) are below the 2014 target(10 kg/cap.).
...in a sector which is con-stantly evolving...
PRO accreditation for some profes-sional equipment categories bringsnew opportunities. It can be seen asa solution for producers who arewilling to take responsibility for thecollection of their products but forwhom the implementation of an in-dividual scheme is too complicated.Consequently, this means better mon-itoring of the quantities put on themarket, collected and treated. However,the organisation of PROs must beadapted (free take-back on-site, part-nership with producer associations,negotiations of the price for collectingand treating waste with producers,etc.). Anticipation of the change ofdefinition of professional EEE (i.e. allthe EEE which can be used by house-holds, such as IT equipments will beconsidered as household) should alsobe taken into account.
…adaptation to the currentsituation by treatment cen-tres
Treatment centres must treat enoughgenerated WEEE despite the economiccrisis that impacts the number of prod-ucts put on the market and the demandfor secondary raw material. At the same time, recyclers continueto innovate in order to recycle materialsthat used to be neglected.The directive includes provisions forthe collaboration between producersand treatment centres to create eco-designed products for which recyclingis anticipated from the product design.The current projects related to eco-design indicate that some improve-ments would be possible, notably bymaking dismantling data more availableto re-use and recycling players. A tran-sition toward recycling processes thatwould be more focused on productsand not only on materials is expected.
Updated data are posted annually at www.ademe.fr/publications
15
Synthèse EEE IM GB ok_Mise en page 1 04/04/14 09:13 Page15
ADEMECorporate headquarters: 20, avenue du GrésilléF - BP 90406 49004 Angers Cedex 01
The French Environment and Energy Manage-
ment Agency (ADEME) is a public agency
under the joint authority of the Ministry of
Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy,
and the Ministry for Higher Education and
Research. The agency is active in the imple-
mentation of public policy in the areas of the
environment, energy and sustainable develop-
ment. ADEME provides expertise and advisory
services to businesses, local authorities and
communities, government bodies and the
public at large, to enable them to establish and
consolidate their environmental action. As
part of this work the agency helps finance
projects, from research to implementation, in
the areas of waste management, soil conserva-
tion, energy efficiency and renewable energy,
air quality and noise abatement.
AAbout ADEMEbout ADEME
For more information:www.ademe.frSection: « Domaine d’intervention Déchets »
Download updated data :WEEE full annual report (in french)and EEE summary (in french and in english)www.ademe.fr/publications
For current recycling news see our newsletter:« L’écho des filières » To subscribe: [email protected]
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hotos : ADEM
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