electrical conductors
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Electrical ConductorsElectrical Conductors
Performance Objectives:Performance Objectives:Student will be able to (SWBAT):Student will be able to (SWBAT):1. Describe the basic types of electrical 1. Describe the basic types of electrical
conductors.conductors.2. Explain how electrical conductors are 2. Explain how electrical conductors are
classified.classified.3. Explain the purpose of wire insulation.3. Explain the purpose of wire insulation.4. Describe electrical cables. 4. Describe electrical cables.
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Electrical ConductorsElectrical Conductors
Enabling Objectives: Enabling Objectives: SWBATSWBAT1. Identify the different types of conductors.1. Identify the different types of conductors.2. Describe the pros and cons of different 2. Describe the pros and cons of different
electrical conductors.electrical conductors.3. Explain how electrical conductors are 3. Explain how electrical conductors are
sized.sized.
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Electrical ConductorsElectrical Conductors
Enabling Objectives: (Continued)Enabling Objectives: (Continued)4. Describe color coding used in electrical 4. Describe color coding used in electrical
wiring.wiring.5. Describe the types of insulators used to 5. Describe the types of insulators used to
cover electrical conductors.cover electrical conductors.6. Identify the types of electrical cable used 6. Identify the types of electrical cable used
in Agriculture and residential applications.in Agriculture and residential applications.
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Electrical ConductorElectrical Conductor
Critical Thinking:Critical Thinking: What is an Electrical What is an Electrical
Conductor?Conductor? Anything that Anything that
transmits electricity.transmits electricity.
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Warning Warning
Interest Approach:Interest Approach: Electricity is always Electricity is always
looking for a looking for a conductor! conductor!
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Common Electrical ConductorsCommon Electrical Conductors
Silver-- BestSilver-- Best Copper -- 2ndCopper -- 2nd Gold-- 3rdGold-- 3rd Aluminum-- 4thAluminum-- 4th Tungsten-- PoorTungsten-- Poor
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SilverSilver
Precious metal Precious metal High costHigh cost Not practical for wire Not practical for wire Corrosive problems Corrosive problems
(such as silver (such as silver tarnishes)tarnishes) The Silver Nugget which was
reputedly the largest silver nugget ever mined came out in three pieces from the Smuggler or the Molly Gibson mines—ironically after silver prices had crashed in 1893.
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CopperCopper
Used in many wiring Used in many wiring applicationsapplications
Reasonable costReasonable cost FlexibleFlexible Easy to make into Easy to make into
wirewire Good corrosion Good corrosion
resistance resistance
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GoldGold
Precious MetalPrecious Metal Very expensiveVery expensive Does not corrodeDoes not corrode Seldom used as a Seldom used as a
wirewire Used to plate (coat) Used to plate (coat)
connectors in connectors in electronic deviceselectronic devices
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AluminumAluminum
Abundant metalAbundant metal Reasonable costReasonable cost FlexibleFlexible Light weightLight weight Corrosion Corrosion
problems / reacts problems / reacts with other metalswith other metals
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Aluminum Aluminum (continued)(continued)
Used in large wire sizes - power lines Used in large wire sizes - power lines and service entrance cableand service entrance cable
Electrical wire # 4 and larger is usually Electrical wire # 4 and larger is usually aluminum and stranded.aluminum and stranded.
Pound for pound aluminum is a better Pound for pound aluminum is a better conductor than copper.conductor than copper.
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TungstenTungsten
Rare metalRare metal Used to make light-Used to make light-
bulb filamentsbulb filaments High melting pointHigh melting point Poor conductorPoor conductor Electrodes for TIG Electrodes for TIG
Welding Welding
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Electrical Wire SizeElectrical Wire Size
the larger the wire, the more electricity it the larger the wire, the more electricity it can carrycan carry
wire size is expressed by numbers from wire size is expressed by numbers from the American Wire Gauge system the American Wire Gauge system (AWG) (AWG)
the larger the wire size, the smaller the the larger the wire size, the smaller the AWG numberAWG number
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Wire Size Chart Wire Size Chart
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Wire SizingWire Sizing
Sizing conductors according to loadSizing conductors according to load Need to know the desired voltage dropNeed to know the desired voltage drop Need to know the load in amps on the Need to know the load in amps on the
circuitcircuit Need to know the length of circuit in feetNeed to know the length of circuit in feet Need to know the Need to know the VoltageVoltage of the circuit of the circuit Use the wire sizing tables to determine what Use the wire sizing tables to determine what
size conductor to use.size conductor to use.
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Wire Identification (examples)Wire Identification (examples)
12/3 G or 12-3 w/G12/3 G or 12-3 w/G 12 is the gauge of the conductor wire12 is the gauge of the conductor wire 3 is the number of conductors3 is the number of conductors G or w/G means there is a safety G or w/G means there is a safety
ground wire alsoground wire also
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Color Code for WiresColor Code for Wires
Individual wires are color coded to Individual wires are color coded to identify their function.identify their function.
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Wire Color Code Chart Wire Color Code Chart
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Wire InsulationWire Insulation
Prevents electricity from jumping from Prevents electricity from jumping from one conductor to another (prevents one conductor to another (prevents short circuits)short circuits)
Most wires are insulated with plastic Most wires are insulated with plastic vinylvinyl
Individual wires have color coded Individual wires have color coded insulationinsulation
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Types of InsulationTypes of Insulation
RR Rubber InsulationRubber Insulation RHRH Heat Resistant RubberHeat Resistant Rubber RW RW Moisture Resistant RubberMoisture Resistant Rubber RuRu Latex RubberLatex Rubber RuARuA Latex Rubber with AsbestosLatex Rubber with Asbestos sub.sub.
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Electrical CablesElectrical Cables
A group of two or more wires enclosed A group of two or more wires enclosed in a metal, rubber, or plastic sheath is in a metal, rubber, or plastic sheath is called a cable.called a cable.
The sheath protects the wire from The sheath protects the wire from damage.damage.
Metal conduit also protects wires, but is Metal conduit also protects wires, but is not considered a cable.not considered a cable.
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Common Types of CablesCommon Types of Cables
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Electrical ConductorsElectrical Conductors
SummarySummary Many materials have the ability to Many materials have the ability to
conduct electricity.conduct electricity. Wire size is important for proper and Wire size is important for proper and
safe electrical conduction.safe electrical conduction. The color code on wires is used to The color code on wires is used to
identify the wire’s purpose.identify the wire’s purpose.
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Electrical ConductorsElectrical Conductors
The insulation on a wire prevents The insulation on a wire prevents electricity from jumping from one electricity from jumping from one conductor to another.conductor to another.
Electrical cables are use extensively in Electrical cables are use extensively in agricultural, industrial, business and agricultural, industrial, business and residential applications.residential applications.