electrical & electronics engg.unit -1: management introduction- meaning nature &...

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG.

COURSE DIARY (ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-12)

V SEMESTER

Name : ________________________________________

USN : ____________________________________________

Semester & Section : _____________________________________________

The Mission

“The mission of our institutions is to provide world

class education in our chosen fields and prepare

people of character, caliber and vision to build the

future world”

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. V SEM

MVJCE ii COURSE DIARY

SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION

V SEMESTER B.E

Sl.

No

.

Code No. Subject Teaching

(Hrs/Week)

Examination

Theory/

Practica

l

I.A Total

1. 06AL-51 Entrepreneurship Development

and Management 04 -- 100 25 125

2. 06EE52 Signals and Systems 04 -- 100 25 125

3. 06EE-53 Transmission and Distribution 04 -- 100 25 125

4. 06EE-54 DC Machines and Synchronous

Machines 04 -- 100 25 125

5. 06EE-55 Modern Control Theory 04 -- 100 25 125

6. 06EE56 Linear IC’S And Applications 04 -- 100 25 125

7. 06EEL-57 Circuit Simulation &

Measurements Lab -- 03 50 25 75

8. 06EEL-58 Transforms & Induction

Machines Lab -- 03 50 25 75

Total 24 06 700 200 900


MVJCE iii COURSE DIARY

SCHEDULE OF EVENTS (2011–2012)

B.E. V semester

ODD SEMESTER

Commencement of Semester 1ST August 2011

Internal tests schedule

• First test

• Second test

• Third test

End of semester

Commencement of Examinations

EVEN SEMESTER

Commencement of semester

Internal tests schedule

• First test

• Second test

• Third test

OTHER MAJOR EVENTS

MVJ Memorial Cricket Tournament

Smt. Rajalakshmi Jayaraman Volleyball

Tournament

SWAYAM 2012

VERTECHX 4.0

Founder’s Day


MVJCE 1 COURSE DIARY

06AL51 - MANAGEMENT

AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP



MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Sub. Code: 06AL51 IA marks: 25

Hrs/week: 04 Exam Hrs: 03

Total Hrs: 52 Exam marks: 100

Part – A

Unit -1: Management

Introduction- meaning nature & characteristic of management, scope & functional areas of

management. Management as a science, art or profession - management and administration –

Role of management, levels of management, Development of management thought – early

management approaches – modern management approaches.

07 Hours

Unit -2: Planning

Nature, Importance and purpose of planning process – objectives - types of plans (meaning only)

– decision – making - importance of planning – steps in planning and planning premises

Hierarchy of plans

06 Hours

Unit -3: Organizing and Staffing

Nature and purpose of organization- principles of organization – Types of organization –

Departmentation – committees – centralization v/s decentralization of authority and responsibility

– span of control- MBO and MBE (meaning only) nature and importance of staffing – process of

selection and recruitment (in brief)

06 Hours

Unit -4: Directing & Controlling.

Meaning and nature of directing – leadership styles, motivation theories, communication-

meaning and importance - co-ordination, meaning and importance, techniques of co-ordination.

Meaning and steps in controlling – essentials of a sound control system - methods of establishing

control (in brief) 07 Hours

Part - B

Unit -5: Entrepreneur.

Meaning of entrepreneur evaluation of the concept function of an entrepreneur types of

entrepreneur, entrepreneur an energizing class concept of entrepreneurship evoluation of

entrepreneurship development of entrepreneurship, stages in entrepreneurial process role of

entrepreneurs in economic development entrepreneurship in India, entrepreneurship - its barriers

06 Hours

Unit -6: Small Scale Industry:

Definition, characteristics, need and rationale objectives, scope, role of SSI in economic

development, advantages of SSI, steps to start an SSI – Govt policy towards SSI, different

policies of SSI, Govt support for SSI during 5 year plans. Impact of liberalization, privatization,

globalization on SSI effect of WTO/ GATT supporting agencies of Govt for SSI, meaning; nature

of support, objectives, and functions types of help, ancillary industry and tiny industry (Definition

only) 07 Hours

Unit -7: Institutional Support:

Different Schemes, TECKSOK, KIADB, KSSIDC, KSIMC, DIC single window Agency SISI, NSIC,

SIDBI, KSFC 06 Hours

Unit -8: Preparation of Project

Meaning of Project; Project Identification Project Selection Project Report, Need and significance

of Report, Contents, Formulation Guidelines by Planning Commission for Project report; Network

Analysis; Errors of Project Report, Project Appraisal, Identification of Business Opportunities.

Market Feasibility Study, Technical Feasibility study, Financial Feasibility Study & Social Feasibility

study. 07 Hours



Text Books:

1. PC Tripati, P N Reddy, “Principles of Management” –Tata Mc Graw Hill, (Chapter

1,2,3,4,5,15,16,17)

2. Vasant Desai “Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Development & Management” Himalaya Publishing

House – (Chapter 1,2,4,8,9,10,13,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,42,46,47)

3. Poornima M Charanthmath “Entrepreneurship Development – small Business Enterprises”

Pearson Education – 2005 (2 & 4)

Reference Books:

4. Robert Lusier, “Management Fundamentals – Concepts, Application, Skill Development”

Thomson – (Chap 1,4,12)

5. S S Khanka “Entrepreneurship Development” S Chand & Co (Chapter

1,2,5,11,12,13,16,18,20)

6. Stephon Robbins “Management” Pearson Education/PHI 17th Edition 2003.



LESSON PLAN

MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Sub Code: 06AL51 IA Marks: 25

Hrs/Week: 05 Exam Hrs:03

Total Hrs: 60 Exam Marks: 100

Chapter

No.

Chapter

name Hrs Topic to be covered

1 Management

1 Management: Introduction to management-Nature &

characteristics of management

2 Scope & functional areas of management

3 Management as a science, art or profession - management and

administration

4 Role of management

5 Levels of management

6 Development of management thought – early management

approaches

7 Modern management approaches

2 Planning

8 Planning: Introduction to Planning, Nature

9 Importance and purpose of planning process

10 Objectives & Types of Planning (Meaning only)

11 Decision – making

12 Importance of Planning

13 Steps in planning and planning premises Hierarchy of plans

3 Organizing

and Staffing

14 Departmentation– committees

15 Organizing and Staffing: Nature and purpose of organization,

16 Principles of organization – Types of organization

17 Centralization v/s decentralization of authority and responsibility

18 Span of control- MBO and MBE (meaning only)

19 Nature and importance of staffing

20 Process of selection and recruitment (in brief)

21 Directing & Controlling: Meaning and nature of directing

4 Directing &

Controlling

22 Leadership styles

23 Motivation theories

24 Communication- meaning and importance

25 Co-ordination, meaning and importance, techniques of co-

ordination. 26 Techniques of co-ordination

27 Meaning and steps in controlling – essentials of a

28 Sound control system - methods of establishing control (in brief)

29 Entrepreneur: Meaning of entrepreneur,

30 Evaluation of the concept function of an entrepreneur



Chapter

No.

Chapter

name Hrs Topic to be covered

5 Entrepreneur

31 Types of entrepreneur

32 Entrepreneur an energizing class concept of entrepreneurship

33 Evaluation of entrepreneurship development of entrepreneurship

34 Evaluation of entrepreneurship development of entrepreneurship

35 Stages in entrepreneurial process role of entrepreneurs

development

36 Economic development entrepreneurship in India

37 Entrepreneurship - its barriers

6 Small Scale

Industry

38

Small Scale Industry: Definition, characteristics, need and

rationale

objectives

39 Scope, role of SSI in economic development

40 Advantages of SSI, steps to start an SSI Govt policy towards

SSI,

41 Different policies of SSI, Govt support for SSI during 5 year

plans

42 Impact of liberalization, privatization

43 Globalization on SSI effect of WTO/GATT supporting agencies of

Govt for SSI, meaning

44 Nature of support, objectives of SSI

45 Functions types of help

46 Ancillary industry and tiny industry (Definition only)

7 Institutional

Support

47 Institutional Support :Introduction to Institutional Support

48 Different Schemes

49 TECKSOK, KIADB

50 KSSIDC, KSIMC

51 DIC single window Agency SISI NSIC

52 SIDBI, KSFC

8 Preparation

of Project

53 Preparation of Project: Meaning of Project; Project Identification

Project, Selection on Project Report 54 Need and significance of Report

55 Contents, Formulation Guidelines by Planning Commission for

Project report 56 Network Analysis; Errors of Project Report

57 Project Appraisal, Identification of Business Opportunities.

Market Feasibility Study 58 Market Feasibility Study

59 Technical Feasibility study

60 Financial Feasibility Study & Social Feasibility study



06EE52 -

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS



SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS Sub Code: 06EE52 IA Marks :25

Hrs/Week : 04 Exam Hours: 03

Total Hrs : 52 Exam Marks :100

PART-A

1. Introduction

Definitions of signals and a system, classification of signals, basic operations on signals.

Elementary signals viewed as interconnections of operations, properties of systems.

10 Hours

2. Time – domain representations for LTI systems

Convolution: impulse response representation, properties of impulse response representation,

differential and difference equation representation, differential and difference equation

representations

.

10 Hours

3. Fourier representation of periodic signals

Introduction, Fourier representation of continuous-time periodic signals (FS), properties of

continuous time Fourier series, Fourier representation of discrete-time periodic signals, properties

of discrete-time Fourier series (DTFS)

08 Hours

PART-B

4. The Continuous-Time Fourier Transform

Representation of aperiodic signals: continuous-time fourier transform (FT), Properties of

continuoustime Fourier transform.

04 Hours

5. The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform

Representations of aperiodic signals: The discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT), Properties of

DTFT. 04 Hours

6. Application of Fourier representations.

Frequency response of LTI systems, solution of differential and difference equations using system

function, sampling of continuous time signals and signal reconstruction.

08 Hours

7. Z- Transforms

Introduction, Z-transform, properties of ROC properties of Z-transforms, inversion of Z-

transforms, Transforms analysis of LTI systems, transfer function, stability and causality ,

unilateral Z-transform and its application to solve difference equations.

08 Hours

Text Books:

Simon Haykin and Barry Vam Veen, “Signals and Systems,” John Wiley & Sons, 2001. Reprint

2002.

Alan V Oppenheim, Alan S. Willsky and S. Hamid Nawab “Signals and Systems” Pearson

Education Asia, 2nd edition, 1997. Indian Reprint 2002.

Reference Book:

Michel J Roberts, “Signals and Systems Analysis of signals through linear systems” Tata McGraw

Hill, 2003.



LESSON PLAN

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS Sub Code: 06EE52 IA Marks :25

Hrs/Week : 05 Exam Hours: 03

Total Hrs : 60 Exam Marks :100

HOUR TOPICS TO BE COVERED

01

INTRODUCTION

What is a Signal: - Definition & Explanation - What is a System: - Definition &

Explanation - Overview of specific systems - Block diagram of representation of a

system - Explanation & Figures - Communication Systems:

02

Explanation & Figures - Control systems: - Explanation & Figures - Remote

Sensing: - Explanation - Bio – medical Signal Processing: Explanation - Auditory

Systems: Explanation - Analog V/s Digital Signal Processing: Explanation

03 Classification of Signals - Continuous time & discrete time Signals: - Explanation &

figures - Even & Odd Signals: - Explanation & Equations, Examples

04 Problems, Periodic Signals, Non – Periodic Signals

05 Deterministic signals, random signals - Explanation & figure - Energy signals,

power signals: Explanation – Equations

06 Solving problems related to the types of signals

07

Basic operation on signals - 1) Operations performed on dependent variables -

Amplitude scaling: Explanation & Eqn – Addition - Explanation & Eqn -

Multiplication: Explanation & Eqn - Differentiation: Explanation, Eqn, Example &

Fig - Integration: Explanation & Eqn

08 2) Operation performed on the independent variable - Time Scaling: Explanation &

Fig’s - Reflection or Folding: Explanation & Example -

09 Time Shifting: Explanation & Examples - Precedence Rule for time shifting & time

Scaling

10

Elementary Signals - Exponential Signals – Explanation – Equation – Figures –

Sinusoidal Signals – Explanation – Equation – Examples - Relation between

Sinusoidal & Complex Exponential Signals – Explanation – Equation – Figures .

11 Exponential damped Sinusoidal Signals– Explanation – Equation – Figures - Step

function – Explanation – Equation – Figures.

12

Impulse function – Explanation – Equation – Figures - Ramp function –

Explanation – Equation – Figures - System viewed as inter – Connections of

operations – Explanation – Equation – Figures – Examples.

13 Solving problems Sketch the signals

14 Properties of systems - Stability: Definitions, Explanation, Example - Memory:

Definitions & Explanation – Causality

15

Invertibility: Explanation, Figures, Example a) Time Invariance Explanation –

Explanation – Equation - Figures, Example b) Linearity – Explanation – Equation –

Figures – Example

16 Solving problems related to causal, stability, memory

17 Solving problems related to time invariance, linearity, invertibility.

18 Time Domain Representations for Linear Time-Invariant Systems INTRODUCTION:

- Explanation

19 Convolution: - Impulse response representation for LTI Systems - sum & integral

20 Properties of The Impulse Response Representation For LTI Systems

21 a) Parallel Connection of System – Explanation – Figures – Equations - b) Cascade

Connection of Systems – Explanation – Equation – Figure - Example

22 Memoryless Systems: Explanation - Causal Systems: Explanation

23 Stable Systems: Explanations, Equations, Examples Invertible Systems &

Deconvolution – Explanation – Equation – Example

24 Solving problems related to causal, memoryless, stable



25 Solving problems related to parallel & cascade, invertible systems.

26 Step Response – Explanation – Equation - Example Sinusoidal Steady – State Response

– Explanation – Equation – Figure- Example – Problems

27 Differential & Difference Equation representation for LTI Systems – Explanation –

Equation – Figure – Example - Problem

28 Solving Differential & Difference Equations – Explanation – Equation – Example –

Problems - The Forced response – Explanation – Example – Problems

29

The impulse response & Explanation - The characteristics of systems described by

differential & difference equations. Block diagram representation – Explanation –

Equations - Figures

30 FOURIER REPRESENTATION OF SIGNALS Introduction, complex sinusoidal & LTI

systems,

31 Fourier representations for four signal classes, periodic signals

32 Discrete time periodic signals (DFT’s) – Derivations – Equations - DFT’s representation:

- Equations – Example

33 Continuous – Time Periodic Signals (FS) - Derivation & FS representation – Example

34 Discrete – Time Non – Periodic Signals (DIFT) - Derivation & DIFT representation –

Example 35 Continuous – Time Non – Periodic Signals (FT) - Derivation & FT representation –

Example

36 Properties Of Fourier Representation - Periodicity Properties: Explanation - Linearity:

Explanation – Example

37 Symmetry Properties - a) Real & Imaginary Signals - b) Even & Odd Signals –

Explanation - Time – Shift Properties – Explanations – Examples -

38 Frequency – Shift Properties – Explanations - Examples

39 Scaling properties – Explanations – Examples - Differentiation & Integration Properties –

Explanations - Examples

40 Convolution & modulation properties – Explanation – Examples -

41 Parseval Relationships – Explanation – Example – Duality – Explanation – Example -

Time – Band Width Product - Explanation

42 Application of Fourier Representation - Introduction, Frequency Response of LTI

Systems - a) Impulse Response – Explanation - Example

43 a) Differential & Difference Equation Descriptions – Explanation – Example - b) State –

Variable Description Explanation - Example

44 Fourier Transformer Representations For Periodic Signals - a) Relating the FT to the FS

– Explanation – Example - b) Relating the DTFT to the DTFS – Explanation – Example

45

Convolution & Modulation With Mixed Signals Classes - a) Convolution & Modulation

With Mixed Signal Classes – Explanation – Example - b) Modulation of Periodic & Non

Periodic Signals – Explanation - Example

46 Fourier Transform Representation For Discrete Time Signals - Relating the FT to the

DTFT - Relating the FT to the DTFS – Explanation - Example

47 Sampling - Sampling CTS - Sampling DTS – Explanation - Example Reconstruction Of

CTS From Samples

48 , Sampling Theorem, Ideal Reconstruction, Practical Reconstruction - Explanation

49 Discrete – Time Processing of CTS - a) Basic Discrete – Time Signal processing

Systems.Over Sampling, Decimation, Interpolation – Explanation

50

Z – TRANSFORM Introduction, The Z – Transform – Explanation - derivations –

Examples. Properties of Z – Transformers – Linearity - Time Reversal - Time Shift –

Multiplication – Convolution – Explanation – Examples.

51 Properties Of The Region Of Convergence – Explanation – Examples. Inversion of Z –

Transform - Partial Fraction Expansion – Explanation – Examples



52

. Long division method- power series method for finding inverse Z-Transforms,

examples. Transform Analysis of LIT Systems – Explanation – Equations, related

examples.

53 The State – Variable Description, Stability & Causality – Explanation – Equations

examples.

54 Inverse Systems, Determining The Frequency Response From Poles & Zeros of transfer

function H(z)-Explanation – Examples.

55 Pole-zero plot, magnitude and phase response of systems from the transfer function H

(z).

56 The Unilateral Z – Transform Definition & Properties examples. Solving Difference

Equations With Initial Conditions Explanations & examples.

57 Z-Transforms of standard functions- positive time sequence negative time sequence,

related examples

58 Z-Transforms of standard functions- positive time sequence negative time sequence,

related examples

59 Initial value theorem, final value theorem statement and proof, related examples

60 Solving Examination Problems & revision.



06EE53 –

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION



TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

Sub code: 06EE53 IA Marks: 25



Part-A

1. Typical transmission & distribution systems scheme: Standard voltages for transmission.

Advantage of high voltage transmission. Feeders, distributors & service mains.

05 Hours

2. Overhead transmission lines: sag calculation in conductors a) suspended on level supports b)

support at different levels. Effect of wind & ice tension & sag at erection. Stringing chart.

05 Hours

3. Corona: Phenomena, expression for disputative & visual critical voltages & corona power loss

04 Hours

4 Insulators: Types, potential distribution over a string of suspension insulators. String efficiency

& methods of increasing strings efficiency, testing of insulators. 06 Hours

5. Underground cables: Types, material used, insulation resistance, thermal rating of cables,

charging current, grading of cables, capacitance grading & inter sheath grading, testing of cables.

06 Hours

Part-B

6. Line parameters: calculation of inductance of single phase, 3phase lines with equilateral &

unsymmetrical spacing. Inductance of composite conductor lines. Capacitance-calculation for two

wires & three phase lines, capacitance calculation for two wire three-phase line with equilateral &

unsymmetrical spacing. 10 Hours

7. Characteristics & performance of power transmission lines: Short tr.-lines, medium tr.-lines,

nominal T & Pi representation of long lines, and equivalent T & PI network representation of long

Tr.-lines. ABCD constants. Power flow through a transmission line, P-V & Q-V coupling.

10 Hours

8. Distribution: radial & ring main systems, ac to dc distribution: calculation for concentrated

loads.

06 Hours

Text Books:

1. Soni Gupta & Bhatanagar, “A Course of Electrical Power”, Dhanpat Rai & Sons (New Delhi)

2. C. L. Wadhwa “Electrical Power Systems”, Wiley Eastern.

Reference Books:

1. W.D. Stevenson, “Elements of Power System Analysis”, Mc. Graw - Hill. Comp. Ltd.

2. S. M. Singh, "Electric power generation Transmission & distribution” PHI, 2007.

3. Transmission & Distribution Hand Book - Westing House Corporatio



LESSON PLAN

SEMESTER: V SUB: Transmission & Distribution

TEACHING HOURS: 60 SUB_CODE: 06EE53

Chapter

No. Chapter name Hrs Topic to be covered

1

Typical

Transmission

& Distribution

Systems

Scheme

1

PART –A

Explanation of Distribution

• Single line diagram

• Brief Discussion

2 Discussion of standard voltages for transmission

3 Discussion of advantages & disadvantages of AC & DC

transmission

4

Discussion of advantages of high voltage transmission

• P.F

• Line Loss

5 Efficiency (Through derivation)

6

Explanation of distribution system

• Feeders

• Distributors

• Service mains with the help of diagrams

2

Overhead

Transmission

Lines

7

Calculation of sag

• Definition

• Derivation of sag on level supports

8

Derivation of sag for supports at different levels

• Discussion on effect of

1. Wind

2. Ice on conductor

9 Problems on equal supports

10 Problems on unequal supports

11 Explanation of

• Tension & sag at errection

12 • Stringing chart

• Problems on stringing chart

3

Corona

13 Explanation of phenomenon of corona formation

14 Derivation

• Disruptive voltage

15 Derivation

• Visual critical voltage

16 Problems on Disruptive voltage, Visual critical voltage

17 Explanation about Corona power loss and Problems



Chapter

No. Chapter Name Hrs Topic to be covered

4

Insulator

18

Insulators

• Brief introduction

• Requirement of a good insulator

19

Discussion of types of insulators

• Pin type

• Suspension type

• Strain type

• Shackle insulators

20

Explanation

• Potential distribution in a string of insulators

• Derivation of string efficiency

21

Explanation of methods of improving string efficiency

• Capacitance

• Guard ring method

22 Problems on String Efficiency

23 Explanation of testing of insulators

• Design tests

24 • Sample tests

• Routine tests

5 Underground

cables

25

Brief introduction

• Under ground cables

• Advantages &disadvantages

26

Explanation & derivation

• Insulation resistance of cable

• Thermal rating of cables

27

Problems on

• Insulation

• Capacitance

28

Grading of cables

• Explanation

• Derivation

• Problems

29

Explanation of testing of cables

• Single core

•

30

Explanation of testing of cables

• Three core

• Problems

31

Power factor of cables

• Explanation

• Problems



Chapter


6 Line

parameters

32

PART –B

Discussion of line parameters on transmission line

• Resistance

• Inductance

• Capacitance

33

Explanation of composite conductors

• Calculation of inductance in composite

conductor like standard conductors

34

Deriving the inductance

• For equilateral spacing

• For unsymmetrical spacing single circuit

Problems on above

35

Derivation of inductance for 3-phase double circuit

line

• With symmetrical spacing

• With unsymmetrical spacing

36 Problems on previous topic

37

Explanation

• Basic capacitance

• Capacitance of two wire line

• Capacitance of composite conductors

38

Derivation of

• Capacitance of ground return

• Capacitance of 3-phase line

39 Problems on previous topic

40

Derivation

• Capacitance of transposed line

•

41

Derivation

• Capacitance of un-transposed line

• Problems

42

Capacitance of 3-phase double circuit line

• Derivation

• Problems

7

Characteristics

& performance

of Power

Transmission

lines

43

Brief introduction

• Classification of transmission line

• Explanation of short transmission line

44 Problems on above topic

45

• Explanation of medium transmission line with

T method

• Derivation (relation b/w sending & receiving

end voltage & current)

• Vector diagram

46 Problems on T method

47

Explanation of medium transmission line for PI

model representation

• Derivation

• Vector diagram

48 Problems on PI method

49 Derivation

• Long transmission lines-rigorous solution



Chapter


7

Characteristics

& performance

of Power

Transmission

lines

50 Problems on long lines

51

Explanation

• Ferranti effect on long lines

• Power flow through a line

52 Explanation

• P-V coupling

53 Explanation

• Q-V coupling

8 Distribution

54 General explanation of DC distribution

55

Explanation

• Ring main

•

56 Explanation

• Radial system

57 Problems on above topic.

58

AC distribution

• Types

• Explanation of different types

59 Problems on above topic.

60 Problems on concentrated loads



QUESTION BANK

Typical Transmission and Distribution system schemes:

1. What are the standard voltage levels used for transmission?

2. What are the advantages of HV transmission?

3. What are the advantages of feeders?

4. What are the advantages of distributors?

5. What are the advantages of service mains?

Overhead Transmission Lines:

1. Prove that a transmission line conductor between two supports at equal heights takes

the form of catenary. Deduce expressions for

a. Total length of conductor

b. Tension at ends inverter terms of span length, horizontal tension, maximum

sag and weight of conductor / unit length

2. Show how the effects of wind and ice loading are taken into account while determining

the sag. And stress upon overhead line conductor.

3. How are the sag and tension of the conductor affected by an extreme fall of

temperature?

4. Show how the sag of an overhead line can be calculated in case of supports at

different levels.

5. An overhead transmission line has a span of 220m, the conductor weighing 604kg/km.

Calculate the maximum sag if the ultimate tensile strength of conductor is 5758kg.

Assume a factor of safety = 2.

Line parameters:

1. Derive the expression for the inductance per phase of a 3 phase line with

a. Equilateral

b. Unsymmetrical spacings

2. Derive the expression for the capacitance per phase of a 3 phase line with

a. Equilateral

b. Unsymmetrical spacings

3. Show how the capacitance of a 3 phase transmission line with Unsymmetrical spacing

between conductors can be calculated. Assume no transposition.

4. A single phase overhead line consists of a pair of parallel wires 10 mm dia. Spaced

uniformly 2 m apart inverter air. Find the capacitance / km length. If the line is 30 km

long and its one end is connected to 50 kV, 50Hz system. What is the charging current

with the other end O.C.?

5. Write short notes on

a. Skin effect

b. Proximity effect

c. Advantages of bundle conductors per overhead transmission line

6. A three phase 50 Hz transmission line has conductor of section 90 sq. mm. And

effecting dia. Of 1 cm and are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side 1

m. the line is 40 km long and delivers a load of 10MW at 33kV and pf = 0.9. compute

the efficiency and regulation of the line. Assume temperature of 200C.

Characteristics and performance of power transmission lines:

1. What do you mean by Short transmission line?

2. Derive an expression for regulation of a short transmission lines.

3. Obtain the equivalent π network model of a short transmission lines

4. Obtain the equivalent T network model of a short transmission lines

5. What do you mean by medium transmission line?

6. Obtain the equivalent π network model of a medium transmission lines

7. Obtain the equivalent T network model of a medium transmission lines

8. Obtain the general network constants for localized capacitance method.

9. What do you mean by long transmission line?



10. Obtain the equivalent π network model of a long transmission lines

11. A single-phase transmission line has a resistance of 0.2 ohm and an inductance of 0.4

ohm. Find the voltage at the sending end to give 500KVA at 2KV at the receiving end

at load pfs of

a. Unity

b. 0.707 lag

Insulators:

1. Write a short note on different types of insulators and their applications.

2. Show with the help of neat sketch the electric field of a PIN insulator and explain how

far the shape of modern insulators conforms to these requirements?

3. What are the basic tests to be carried out on insulators?

4. Explain the various methods of equalizing the potential across the various units

inverter an insulator string.

5. Discuss the methods of improving the string efficiency in a string of insulator.

6. A string of 6 suspension insulators is to be fitted with a guard ring. The pin-to-earth

capacitance are all equal to C. what should be the value line to pin capacitance so as

to have uniform voltage distribution over the string.

Underground Cables:

1. State the classification of cables and discuss their general construction.

2. Explain constructional difference between and application of

a. Belted

b. Screened

c. S.L

d. H.S.L

Types of cable

3. Write a short note on pressure cables

4. What is meant by capacitance grading of a cable

5. Derive expression for capacitance of and maximum potential gradients in two

dielectrics of a graded cable in terms of dielectric constants and radius of core

and overall radius etc.

6. What is the purpose of using inner sheath in a cable?

7. A three-core cable gives on test a capacitance measurement of 2µf. between

two cores. Find the line charging current of the cable when it is connected to 11

KV, 50Hz supply system.

Corona

1. Explain phenomenon of corona formation

2. Derive expression for disruptive and visual critical voltages

3. Explain corona power loss

4. A certain 3-phase equilateral transmission line has a total corona loss of 54KW at 105KV

and a loss of 96KW at 110KV. Find critical disruptive voltage and corona loss at 113KV.



Distribution System:

1. Write a short note on various systems of DC distribution.

2. Explain the radial and ring main systems.

3. Explain the three-wire DC distribution system.

4. How do you calculate the A.C distributor with concentrated loads?

5. Prove that the voltage drop diagram for a uniformly loaded distributor fed at one end

is parabola.

6. Distinguish between a feeder, distributor and service main in a distribution scheme.

7. Show that with an increase in working vg to n times the cross-sections of a feeder

would be reduced to 1/n and 1/n2 of their respective values.

8. Explain how a two-wire d.c. distributor with concentrated loads fed at one end can be

represented by a single-line diagram.

9. Four lines A, B, C and D are connected to a common point O. resistances AO, BO, CO

and DO are respectively 1, 2, 3 and 4 ohms (both go and return) and feeding points A,

B, C and D are maintained at 230, 250, 240 and 220 volts respectively.

Find the potential of common point O assuming no load to be tapped from there.



06EE54 –

D.C. MACHINES AND

SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES



D.C. MACHINES AND SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES

Sub. Code: 06EE54 IA marks: 25

Hrs/week: 04 Exam hours: 03

Total hrs: 60 Exam marks: 100

Part-A

1. DC Generator-Classification of DC generator, types of armature winding, EMF equation, No

load & load characteristics, armature reaction, commutation, use of interpoles & compensating

winding (only qualitative treatment).

08 Hours

2. DC Motors: Classification, EMF equations, Torque equation, Characteristics of shunt, series &

compound motors, speed control of shunt & series motors, losses in testing of DC motors.

09 Hours

3. Losses and efficiency, direct & indirect methods of testing of shunt & series machines,

permanent magnet DC motors and brushless DC motors, applications of DC motors. 09 Hours

Part-B

4. Synchronous machines: Basic principles of operation, construction of salient & non-salient pole

synchronous machines, generated EMF, effect of distribution of winding and use of chorded coils.

06 Hours

5. Voltage Regulation by EMF, MMF, ZPF & ASA method. 04 Hours

6. Synchronizing to infinite bus bars, parallel operation of alternators. Operating characteristics,

power angle characteristics, excluding armature resistance, operating at constant load with

variable excitation & vice versa for generating mode & motoring mode, V curves of synchronous

machines, power flow equations including armature resistance, capability curves of synchronous

generators, parallel operation of synchronous generators, hunting in synchronous machines,

damper winding starting methods for hunting in synchronous machines.

12 Hours

7. Salient pole synchronous machines, two-reaction theory, power angle diagram, reluctance

power, slip test. 04 Hours

Text Books:

1. I.J Nagarath & DP Kothari, “Electrical machines, 2nd edition, TMH.

2. Alexander Lngsdrof, “Theory of alternating current machines”, TMH.

3. M. G. Say, “Performance & design of ac machines”, CBS publishers.

Reference Books:

1. Ashfaq Hussain, “Electrical Machines” Dhanpat Rai Publications 2003 edition.

2. Bhimra “Electrical machinery”, Khanna Publishers.

3. AE Clayton & Hancock “Performance & design of dc machines” ELBS Publication.



Lesson Plan Sub_Name: D.C & synchronous machines Sub_Code: 06EE54

Hours/Week: 05 Total Hours: 60

Chapter

No. Chapter name

Hours Topics to be covered

PART - A

1 DC Generator

01 Introduction to DC generator

02 Explanation to classification of dc generator

03 Explanation to types of armature windings

04 Derivation of EMF equation

05 Solving problems on emf equation

06 Explanation to no load and load characteristics

07 Voltage build up, critical resistance, critical speed and

problems.

08 Explanation to armature reaction and commutation

09 Explanation to use of inter poles and compensating

winding

2 DC Motors

10 Introduction to DC motors, Classification of DC motors

11 Back emf, Armature current and speed equations

12 Derivation of torque equation of Dc motor, Solving

problems

13 Derivation of characteristics of shunt motors & their

application

14 Derivation of characteristics of series motors & their

application

15 Derivation of characteristics of compound motors & their

application

16 Speed control methods, armature control and field control

17 Explanation of speed control of shunt motor

18 Explanation of speed control of series motor

19 Explanation of losses in DC motors

3 Losses and

efficiency

20 Discussion of losses & efficiency of DC motors

21 Power flow diagrams for DC machines, problems

22 Explanation of testing of DC motor: Swinburne’s test

23 Explanation of retardation test, solving problems

24 Explanation of field test for series motors

25 Explanation of testing of Hopkinson’s test

26 Problems on Hopkinson’s test

27 Explanation of permanent magnet DC motors

28 Explanation of brush less DC motor

29 Solving problems

30 Discussion of application of DC motors



PART - B

Chapter

No. Chapter Name

Hour

No. Topics to be covered

4 Synchronous

machines

31 Explanation of basic principles of operation

synchronous machines

32 Explanation of construction of salient pole


33 Explanation of construction of nonsalient pole


34 Derivation of expression for generated EMF

35 Explanation of effect of distribution of winding and

use of chorded coil

36 Effect of harmonics in generated EMF

37 Discussion of salient pole syn m/c

5 Voltage

Regulation

38 Explanation of regulation by e.m.f method &

problems

39 Explanation of regulation by MMF method & problems

40 Explanation of regulation by ZPF method

41 Construction of Potier triangle and problems

42 Explanation of ASA method & problem

6

Operation and

characteristics

of synchronous

machines

43 Explanation of synchronizing & infinite bus bars

44 Explanation of parallel operation of alternators

45 Discussion of operating characteristics, power angle

characteristics,

46 Problems based on power angle

47

Explanation of operation at constant load with

variable and excitation & vice versa for generating

mode & motoring

48 Discussion of V curves of synchronous machines

49 Explanation of compounding curves of synchronous

generator

50 Problems

51 Discussion of synchronous condensers

52 Derivation of power flow equation including armature

resistance

53 Explanation of capability curves

54 Parallel operation of synchronous generator

55 Hunting and methods to reduce hunting

7

Salient pole

synchronous

machines

56 Discussion of salient pole syn m/c

57 Explanation of two reaction theory

58 Explanation of power angle diagram

59 Slip test, Calculation of Xd and Xq

60 Calculation of reluctance power, problems.



QUESTION BANK

D.C and Synchronous Machines:

1. What is the principle of generator?

2. What is a slip ring?

3. What is a split ring?

4. What is commutation?

5. What are the methods of improving commutation?

6. Name and explain the main parts of a practical generator.

7. Explain the types of generators.

8. Derive the E.M.F. equation of a generator.

9. Write a note on interpoles.

10. Explain the losses in D.C generator.

11. What is a compensating winding? What is its function?

12. What are the effects of armature reaction in d.c. Generators?

13. An 8-pole generator has an output of 200A at 500V; the lap-connected armature has 1280

conductors, 160 commutator segments. If the brushes are advanced 4 segments from the

no-load neutral axis estimate the armature demagnetizing and cross-magnetizing ATs per

pole.

14. A 4-pole generator supplies a current of 143A. It has 492 armature conductors (a)lap-

wound (b) wave-wound. When delivering full-load, he brushes are given an actual lead of

100. Calculate the demagnetizing ATs per pole. This field winding is shunt connected and

takes 10 A. Find the number of extra shunt field turns necessary to neutralize

demagnetization.

15. Derive the e.m.f equation of a D.C generator.

16. What is the principle of d.c. Motor?

17. What is the significance of back emf?

18. What do you mean by torque?

19. Explain and derive expression for the Armature Torque and Shaft Torque of a motor.

20. Explain the speed-torque characteristics of:

a. D.C. shunt motor

b. D.C. series motor

c. D.C. compound motor

21. A 220 V d.c. shunt motor runs at 500 rpm when the armature current is 50 A. Calculate

the speed if the torque is doubled. Given that Ra = 0.2 Ω.

22. A 460 V d.c. series motor runs at 500 rpm taking a current of 40 A. Calculate the speed

and percentage change in torque if the load is reduced so that the motor is taking 30 A.

The total resistance of armature and field circuits is 0.8 Ω. Assume flux is proportional to

field current.

23. What are the factors for controlling the speed of d.c. motor?

24. Explain the Flux Control Method of speed control of a d.c. shunt motor.

25. Explain the Armature Resistance Method of speed control of a d.c. shunt motor.

26. Explain the Ward-Leonard System of speed control of a d.c. shunt motor.

27. Explain the Flux Control Method of speed control of a d.c. series motor.

28. Explain the Armature diverter Method of speed control of a d.c. series motor.

29. Explain the series-parallel control method of speed control of two d.c. series motors.

30. Explain the effect of armature reaction and commutation on performance of D.C. motor.

31. Write a brief note on permanent magnet motors



32. How is Swinburne’s test conducted on a d.c. machine? How can the efficiency be

determined from the results of this test when the machine works as:

a. Motor

b. Generator

33. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Swinburne’s test?

34. What is Hopkinson’s Test? Explain the procedure of this test.

35. What are the advantages of Swinburne’s test?

36. Explain the retardation or running down test.

37. Explain field test for series motor.

38. A d.c. series motor takes 40A at 220V and runs at 800 rpm. If the armature and field

resistances are 0.2Ω and 0.1Ω respectively and the iron and friction losses are 0.5 kW,

find the torque developed in the armature. What will be the output of the motor?

39. A 4 pole, 240 V, wave connected shunt motor gives 11.19 kW when running at 1000 rpm

and drawing armature and field currents of 50A and 1A respectively. It has 540

conductors. Its resistance is 0.1Ω. Assuming a drop of 1V per brush, find

a. Total torque

b. Useful torque

c. Useful flux/pole

d. Rotational losses and

e. Efficiency.

40. A 250V shunt motor has full load armature current of 40A and a speed of 1000 rpm. The

resistance of armature is 0.2Ω. What resistance must be added in series with the

armature in order to reduce the speed by 25% for the same load torque?

41. The no-load test of a 44.76 kW,220V d.c. shunt motor gave the following figures: Input

current = 13.25A; field current = 2.55A; armature resistance at 750C = 0.032Ω and brush

drop = 2V. Estimate the full load current and efficiency.

42. What is an alternator?

43. What are the types of turbo alternators?

44. Discuss the main constructional features of cylindrical rotor and salient pole alternators.

45. What is breadth factor?

46. Derive the equation for breadth factor of a winding having q slots per pole per phase and

slot angle α.

47. What is pitch factor?

48. Derive the equation of induced EMF in the alternator.

49. What are Harmonics?

50. What are the effects of Harmonics on pitch and distribution factors?

51. How harmonics can be minimized?

52. Explain the armature reaction in alternator.

53. What do you mean by Synchronous reactance?

54. What do you mean by voltage regulation?

55. What are the causes of voltage regulation?

56. What are the various methods of determination of voltage regulation?

57. Explain the Synchronous impedance method of determination of voltage regulation of an

alternator.

58. Explain the Ampere turns method of determination of voltage regulation of an alternator.

59. Explain the Zero power factor method of determination of voltage regulation of an

alternator.

60. What do you mean by parallel operation of two alternators.

61. Explain the procedure for synchronizing single phase alternators by lamp dark method.

62. What is synchronous current?

63. What is synchronizing power? Derive an expression for the same.

64. Describe the procedure of slip test. How can Xd and Xq be found from this test?

65. Explain the principle of operation of synchronous motor.

66. Draw and explain the phasor diagram of a synchronous motor operating at

a. Lagging power factor.

b. Leading power factor.



67. Why synchronous motor is not self-starting?

68. Explain the construction of V and inverted V curves.

69. Derive the power angle characteristics of a synchronous motor having a cylindrical rotor.

70. What is hunting?

71. What is a synchronous condenser? What are its applications?

72. Calculate the speed and open-circuit line and phase voltages of a 4-pole, 3-phase star

connected alternator with 36 slots and 30 conductors per slot. The flux per pole is 0.05

Wb sinusoidally distributed.

73. A certain 3-phase, star connected, 100-kVA, 11000V alternator has the rated current of

52.5A. The a.c. reactances of the winding per phase is 0.45Ω. The test results are given

below:

OC Test: field current = 12.5A; voltage between lines = 422V

SC Test: field current = 12.5A; line current = 52.5A

Determine the full load voltage regulation of the alternator at pf 0.8 lagging and pf 0.8

leading.

74. The input to 6600v, 3phase, star connected synchronous motor is 900kw, the

synchronous reactance per phase is 20Ω and the effective resistance is

Negligible. If the generated voltage is 8900v(line). Calculate the motor current and its

power factor.

A 3000KVA, 6-pole alternator runs at 1000 rpm in parallel with other machine on 3300v

bus bars. The synchronous reactance is 25% calculate the synchronizing power for one

mechanical degree of displacement and the corresponding synchronizing torque.



06EE55 -

MODERN CONTROL THEORY




Sub. Code: 06EE55 IA Marks: 25



Part-A

1. State variable analysis & design: Introduction, concept of state, state variables & state model,

state model of linear systems, linearization of state equations.

05 Hours

2. State space representation using physical variables, phase variables & canonical variables

05 Hours

3. Derivation of transfer function from state model, digitalization, egien values, Eigen vectors,

generalized Eigen vectors.

06 Hours

4. Solution of state equation, state transition matrix & its properties, computation using Laplace

transformation, power series method, Cayley-Hamilton method, concept of controllability &

observability, methods of determining the same.

12 Hours

Part-B

5. Pole placement techniques: stability improvements by state feed back, necessary & sufficient

conditions for arbitrary pole placement, state regular design, and design state observer,

Controllers P, PI, PID.

08 Hours

6. Introduction, behavior of non-linear system, common physical non linearity-saturation,

friction, backlash, dead zone, relay, multi variable non-linearity.

03 Hours

7. Phase plane method, singular points, stability of nonlinear system, limit cycles, construction of

phase trajectories.

07 Hours

8. Liapunor stability criteria, liapunor functions, direct method of liapunor & the liner system,

Hurwitz criterion & liapunor’s direct method, construction of liapunor functions for nonlinear

system by KRASVSKII’S method.

06 Hours

Text Books:

1. M. Gopal “Digital control & state variable methods” 2nd edition, Tata. Mc Graw Hill 2003

2. I. J. Nagarath & M. Gopal “Control system engineering” 3rd edition, New Age International (P)

Ltd.

Reference Books:

1. Katsuhiko Ogata, “State Space Analysis of Control Systems”, Prentice Hall Inc

2. Benjamin C. Kuo & Farid Golnaraghi, “Automatic Control Systems” 8th edition, John Wiley &

Sons 2003.

3. Katsuhika Ogata, “ Modern Control Engineering” PHI 2003

4. M. N. Bandyapadhyay, “ Control Engineering theory and practice” PHI, 2007



Lesson Plan

Hours / Week: 05 Total Week: 60

Sub Name: Modern Control Theory Sub Code: 06EE55

Chapter


1

Introduction to

State variable

analysis &

design

1 Introduction to Modern Control Theory; its superiority over

Linear Control; Advantages &

2 Concept of State; Concept of State Variable Technique;

State space modeling

3 State model of linear systems; comparison with Block

Diagram Technique & Signal flow Graph

4 State model of linear systems; comparison with Block

Diagram Technique & Signal flow Graph (contd.)

5 State Space representation of nth order systems of linear

differential equations

6 Solution of numericals involving conversion of block

diagram or signal flow graph to state eqs.

7 Solution of numericals involving conversion of block

diagram or signal flow graph to state eqs.(contd.)

2 State space

representation

8 Introduction to state space representation using physical

variables

9 State space representation of electrical systems

10 State space representation of mechanical transnational

systems

11 Introduction to phase variables: advantages and

disadvantages

12 State space representation using canonical variables &

related problems

15 Derivation of transfer function from state model

16 Solution of numericals on the above topics

3 Eigen Values &

Eigen Vectors

19 Introduction to diagonalization & related problems

20 Properties of Eigen values & Eigen vectors

21 Determination of Eigen values & Eigen vectors

22 Concept of generalized Eigen vectors

23 Problems on Eigen values & Eigen vectors

4

Solution of

State Equations

24 Introduction to homogeneous systems & non-homogeneous

systems

25 Introduction to state transition matrix and properties

26 Solution of numericals on homogeneous systems

27 Solution of numericals on non-homogeneous systems

28 Solution of numericals on state transition matrix

29 Power series method: Explanation

30 Solution of numericals on power series method

33 Explanation of Cauley-Hamilton theorem with problems



34 Solution of Linear homogeneous State Equation – Classical

method, Matrix method

35 Solution of numericals on State Equations

36 Explanation of concept of controllability: Solution of

numericals

35 Explanation of concept of Observability: Solution of

numericals

5 Pole Placement

Techniques

36 Introduction to Pole placement techniques

37 Stability Improvements by state feed back

38 Problems on Stability Improvement.

39 Explanation of necessary & sufficient condition for arbitrary

pole Placement.

40 Explanation of state regular design.

41 Design of state observer: explanation

42 Problems based on above topics

6 Concept of

Nonlinearity

43 Introduction to controller

44 Different types of controllers: P, PI, and PID

45 Introduction to the behavior of non-linear systems

46 Discussion on multivariable non-linearity

47 Discussion on common non-linearity-saturation, friction,

backlash, Dead zone

7 Phase Plane

Technique

48 Introduction to Phase plane method

49 Problems on Phase plane method

50 Explanation of Singular points and related problems

51 Explanation of stability of non-linear systems

52 Explanation of limit cycles

53 Construction of Phase trajectories

54 Solution of numericals on the Phase trajectories

8 Liapunov’s

Technique

55 Explanation Liapunov stability criterion & Liapunov functions

56 Direct method of Liapunov and the linear systems:

Explanation

57 Introduction to Hurwitz criterion and related problems

58 Solution of numericals on Liapunov’s direct method

59 Construction of Liapunov functions for non linear system by

Krasovski’s Method

60 Solution of numericals on Krasovski’s Method



QUESTION BANK


1. Compare P, PI and PID controller

2. Explain state, state variable & state model

3. The field is maintained constant during operation, Assume the motor isd operating in

the linear region. Determine the state equations in the vector matrix form for the state

variables XT= [ θ θ ia ]; Moment of inertia of motor & load = j; Back emf constant = Kb;

Coefficient of friction of motor and load=f; Motor torque constant=KT; U= Input voltage

= armature current

θ = Speed in rad/sec

4. Derive state model equation of a linear system

… .. .

5. Consider the system described by Y+3Y+2y=u. Derive a state-space representation of

the system. Choose the state variable such that the coefficient matrix of the stator

vector is diagonal

1. Obtain a state space representation of the following system.

Y(S) = 2(S+3)

U(S) = (S+1)(S+2)

7. Construct the state model for a system characterized by the differential equation

d3y + 6 d2y + 11 dy + 6y = U

dt3 dt2 dt

Give the block representation of the state model

8. A feedback system has a closed loop transfer function

C(S) = 10(S+4)

U(S) S(S+)(S+3)

Construct three different state models for this system and give block diagram

representation for each state model.

9. A feedback system is characterized by the closed loop transfer function

T(S) = S2+3S+3

S3+2S2+3S+1

Draw a suitable signal flow graph & there form construct a state model of the system

10. Find the model matrix for the matrix A A= 4 1 -2

1 0 2

1 -1 3

11. Explain how transfer function is derived from state model

12. Find the diagonal matrix of A A= 0 1 0

3 0 2

-12 -7 -6

13. Obtain a solution of state equation by matrix exponential method

14. Obtain a solution of state equation by Laplace transformation method for

homogeneous linear system.

15. What is state transition matrix, explain the properties of state transition matrix. Give

expression for it.

16. Obtain a solution of state model for a non-homogeneous system by Laplace

transformation method.



17. Find the state transition system with state model X=AX

Where A = 1 0

1 1

18. Consider a control system with state model

X1 0 1 X1 0 X1(0) 0

= + [U]; =

X2 -2 -3 X2 2 X2(0) 1

U=unitstep

Compute the state transition matrix and there from find the state response i.e., x

(t); t>0

19. Obtain the state transition matrix ø (t) of the following system

X1 0 1 X1

X2 -2 -3 X2

Obtain also the inverse of the state transition matrix, ø -1(t)

20. State Caylay-Hamilton theorem. Using that find F(A)=A10 for

A = 0 1

-2 -3

21. Find f(A)=eAt for A = 0 1

-1 -2

22. Given A1= σ 0 0 w σ -w

; A2= ; A=

0 σ -w σ -w σ

compute eAt

23. State controllability of a system. Explain how the controllability of a system can be

found out

24. State observability of a system. Explain the test to find the observability of a system.

25. State observability of a system. Explain the test to find the observability of a system.

26. Consider the system with state equation

X1 0 1 0 x1 0

X2 = 0 0 1 x2 + 0 U

X3 -6 -11 -6 x3 1

Test the controllability of the system.



27. Write the equations of the system shown in fig. In which x1 , x2 & x3 constitute the

state vector. Determine whether the system is completely controllable and

observable.

.

U(S) X2(S)

X1(S)

+ + _ X3(S)

_

28. Check whether the system is completely observable

+

U X1

X3

X2 +

+

Y

29. Show that the following system X=AX+BU & Y=CX Where

X1 -1 -2 -2 2

X= X2 ; A= 0 -1 1 ; B= 0 C= [ 1 1 0 ]

X3 1 0 -1 1

Is state controllable and completely observable.

30. Show that the continuous-time system described by

X1 0 1 X1 0 X1

= + [U]; Y=[ 1 0 ]

X2 -1 0 X2 1 X2

Is completely state controllable & completely observable

31. Explain the behavior of non-linear system with an example.

32. Explain common linearity saturation.

33. Explain the characteristics of various types of friction in non-linearity systems.

34. Explain about Backlash non-linearity in a physical system.

35. Explain about Dead zone non-linearity in a physical system.

2

S+3

QUESTION

2

S ( S+1)

S

2

S+3

QUESTION

1

( S+1)

2

S



36. Write short notes on i) Singular points ii) Nodal point

ii) Saddle point iii) Focus point

iv) Vortex point.

37. Write short notes on Stability of non-linear system as shown in fig.Draw and explain

the optimum time switching curve for the system shown inn fig.

r = constant

e

+

-

38. State and explain Liapunov’s Stability criterion.

39. Consider a non linear system described by the equation

.

x1 = x2

.

x2 = -x2 – x 13

Check the stability of the system by using Liapunov’s Function.

40. Derive an expression for the necessary and sufficient condition for asymptotic

stability of the system. .

41. Determine the stability of the system described by the equation X = A X ;

Where A = -1 -2

1 -4

by using Hurwitz Criterion and Liapunov’s direct method.

43.Explain about Krasovskii’s method to construct Liapunov’s functions for non

Linear systems.

44. Consider a spring mass system in which the spring and damper are non linear. The

system is described by the differential eqation

.. .

X + bX + kx = 0.

45. The functions b (.) and k (.) are first and third quadrant continuous functions such

that Xb(x)>0 for x =0

Xk(x)>0 for x =0

Show that the system is asymptotically stable

46. Consider a non-linear system described by the equation

.

X1 = -3 X1 + X2

. .

X2 = X1-X2-X23.

Investigate the stability of equilibrium state.

47. Explain pole placement technique by state feedback .

48. Explain State Observer of a system.

49. Design a State Observer for the linear system described by the equation

. 1 2 0 2

X = 3 -1 1 X + 1 U

0 2 0 1

+ M

-M

U

e

1

s2



Y = [ 0 0 1 ] X

50. Determine the observability of the system given below

X1 0 1 0 X1 0

X2 = 0 0 1 X2 + 0 [U]

X3 0 -2 -3 X3 1

X1

Y= [ 3 4 1] X2

X3

51. Determine the controllability of the above system



06EE56 -

LINEAR IC’S

AND APPLICATIONS



LINEAR IC’S AND APPLICATIONS

Sub. Code: 06EE56 IA marks: 25

Hrs/week: 04 Exam hours: 03

Total hrs: 52 Exam marks: 100

Part-A

1. Op-amps as ac Amplifier: Capacitor coupled voltage follower, high Zin capacitor coupled

voltage follower, capacitor coupled non-inverting amplifier, high Zin capacitor coupled non-

inverting amplifier, capacitor coupled inverting amplifier, setting upper cut off frequency,

capacitor coupled difference amplifier, and use of single polarity supply.

08 Hours

2. Op-amps frequency response and compensation: Op amp circuits stability, frequency and

phase response, frequency compensating methods ,manufacturer’s recommended compensation,

op-amp circuit band width, slew rate effects ,stray capacitance effects, load capacitance effects,

Zin mod compensation, circuit stability precautions. 08 Hours

3. Signal processing circuits: Precision half wave &full wave rectifiers, limiting circuits,

clamping circuits, peak detectors, sample &hold circuit. 06 Hours

4. Opamps and nonlinear circuits: Op-amps in switching circuits, crossing detectors, inverting

Schmitt trigger circuits, non-inverting Schmitt circuits, astable multivibrator, and monostable

multivibrator.

06 Hours

Part-B

5. Signal generator: Triangular/rectangular wave generator, waveform generator design, phase

shift oscillator, oscillator amplitude stabilization, wein bridge oscillator, signal generators output

controllers.

06 Hours

6. Active filters: First and second order high pass and low pass filters, band pass filter, band

stop filter.

06 Hours

7. Specialized IC applications: Universal active filter, switched capacitor filter, phase locked

loops, power amplifiers. 06 Hours

8. DC voltage regulators: Voltage regulators basics, voltage follower regulator adjustable

output regulator, precision voltage regulators, and integrated circuit voltage regulators.

06 Hours

Text Books:

1) Ramakanth A Gayakwad, “Operational amplifiers and linear IC’s” Pearson, 4th edition, 2007.

2) David A Bell, “Operational amplifiers and linear IC’s”– PHI

Reference Books:

1) Roy & Choudry, “Operational amplifiers and linear IC’s” (New age International)

2) Stanley William D, “Operational amplifiers and linear IC’s” 4th edition, Pearson Education,



Lesson Plan Sub_Name: Linear IC’s & Applications Sub_Code: 06EE56

Hours/Week: 05 Total Hours: 60

Chapter


1 Op-amps as

AC Amplifier

1

Introduction to Op-Amps

Differential amplifiers circuit configuration

Block diagram representation

Schematic symbol

2 Explanation of Op-Amps as AC amplifiers

Explanation of capacitor coupled voltage follower

3 Explanation of High ZIN capacitor coupled voltage follower

4 Explanation of capacitor coupled Non-inverting amplifier

5 Explanation of High ZIN capacitor coupled Non-inverting amplifier

6 Explanation of capacitor coupled inverting amplifier and High ZIN

capacitor coupled inverting amplifier

7 Explanation of setting upper cut-off frequency and capacitor

coupled difference amplifier

8 Explanation of usage of single polarity supply


2

Op-amps

frequency

response and

compensation

10 Introduction to frequency response and compensation

Explanation of Op-Amp circuit stability

11 Explanation of

Frequency response

Phase response

12 Explanation of frequency compensating methods

13 Explanation of manufacturer’s recommended compensation

14 Explanation of

OP-Amp circuit Bandwidth

Slew rate effects

15 Explanation of

Stray capacitance effects

Load capacitance effects

16 Explanation of Zin mode Compensation

17 Explanation of circuit stability precautions


3

Signal

processing

circuits

19 Introduction to signal processing circuits

20 Explanation of precision half wave rectifiers

21 Explanation of precision full wave rectifiers

22 Explanation of

Limiting circuits

Clamping circuits

23 Explanation of peak detectors

24 Explanation of sample and hold circuits


26 Introduction to Op-amps and non-linear circuits

27 Explanation of Op-amps in switching circuits



Chapter


28 Explanation of crossing detectors

29 Explanation of Inverting Schmitt trigger circuits

30 Explanation of Non-inverting Schmitt trigger circuits

Problems based on above topics

31 Explanation of

Astable multivibrator

Monostable multivibrator


5 Signal

generator

33 Introduction to signal generator

Explanation of triangular wave generator

34 Explanation and derivation of rectangular wave generator

35 Explanation and derivation of waveform generator design

36 Explanation and derivation of Phase shift oscillator

37

Explanation of

Oscillator amplitude stabilization

Wein bridge oscillator

38

Explanation of

Signal generator output controllers



6 Active filters

40 Introduction to active filters

41 Explanation and derivation of first order high pass filters

42 Explanation and derivation of first order low pass filters

43 Explanation and derivation of second order high pass filters

44 Explanation and derivation of second order low pass filters

45

Explanation of

Band pass filters

Band stop filters



7 Specialized IC

applications

47 Introduction to specialized IC applications

48 Explanation of universal active filters

49 Explanation of switched capacitor filter

50 More explanation on above topics

51 Explanation of phase locked loops

52 Explanation of power amplifiers


8 DC voltage

regulators

54 Introduction to DC voltage regulators

55 Explanation of voltage regulator basics

56 Explanation of voltage follower regulator adjustable O/p regulator

57 Explanation of precision voltage regulator

58 Explanation of integrated circuit voltage regulators

59 Problems and revision based on above topics




QUESTION BANK

LINEAR IC’s AND APPLICATIONS

1. sketch the circuit of a capacitor coupled voltage follower. Briefly explain.

2. sketch the circuit of a high input impedance capacitor coupled voltage follower. Briefly

explain the circuit opeation.

3. Develop the equation for Zin for a high input impedance capacitor coupled voltage

follower.

4. sketch the circuit of a capacitor coupled non inverting amplifier. Briefly explain and define

its input impedance.

5. Develop the equation for Zin for a high input impedance capacitor coupled non inverting

amplifier.

6. sketch the circuit of a capacitor coupled inverting amplifier. Briefly explain and define its

input impedance.

7. write the equations for calculating the capacitance values for a capacitior coupled

amplifier.

8. briefly discuss the upper cutoff frequency of an opamp.

9. Discuss opamp circuit stability and show how feedback in an inverting amplifier acan

produce insatability.

10. define loop phase shift, loop gain, open loop gain, closed loop gain.

11. k]sketch typical gain/frequency resonse and phase/frequency response graphs for a single

stage transistor amplifier.

12. sketch the circuit of a lag compensation network, Explain its opration and show how it

affects opamp frequency response.

13. sketch the circuit of a lead compensation network, Explain its opration and show how it

affects opamp frequency response.

14. Explain why manufacturer’s recommended compensating components are normally

suitable for both inverting and non inverting amplifiers.

15. Define the gain-BWP and discuss its application to inverting and non inverting amplifiers.

16. show how the slew rate of an opamp can produce distortion in a pulse type output

waveform.

17. Discuss the effects if stray capacitance on op-amp circuit stability.

18. Sketch a circuit to show the Zin mod method of frequency compensation.state the

application of the circuit, explain its operation.

19. Sketch the circuit of a half wave precision rectifier. Draw the input and output waveforms

and explain its operation.

20. Briefly discuss design procedure and component selection for a half wave precision

rectifier circuit.

21. Sketch the circuit of a full wave precision rectifier. Draw the input and output waveforms

and explain its operation.



22. Briefly discuss design procedure and component selection for a full wave precision

rectifier circuit.

23. show how zener diodes can be used to limit the output voltage of an opamp circuit.

Explain

24. Sketch a Zener diode peak clipper circuit with an adjustable output voltage limit. Explain

the circuit operation.

25. Sketch an opamp precision clamping circuit and briefly explain.

26. Discuss the design procedure for a precision clamping circuit and write equations for

determining the value pf each component.

27. Briefly explain a peak detector circuit.

28. Draw an opamp sample and hold circuit. And Explain briefly.

29. Sketch the circuit of an opamp employed as a noninverting zero crossing detector. Draw

the waveforms and briefly Explain.

30. draw the circuits of an opamp inverting zero crossing detector and a voltage level

detector. Briefly explain the circuits.

31. Draw an opamp inverting Schmitt trigger circuit. Sketch the waveforms and explain its

operation.

32. Draw an opamp non inverting Schmitt trigger circuit. Sketch the waveforms and explain

its operation.

33. sketch the circuit of an opamp astable multivibrator and write the equations for calculating

each component value.

34. sketch the circuit of an opamp monostable multivibrator and write the equations for

calculating each component value.

35. Sketch the circuit of a triangular/rectangular waveform generator. Draw the output

waveforms from the circuit showing their phase relationship and carefully explain the

circuit operation.

36. Draw the circuit of a triangular/rectangular waveform generator, which has frequency and

duty cycle controls. Show all waveforms and explain the operation.

37. Discuss the design procedure of a triangular/rectangular waveform generator and write

the equations for calculating the component values

38. Draw the circuit of a phase shift oscillator. Sketch the output and feedback voltage

waveforms and explain the circuit operation.

39. State the Bark hausen criteria and explain how it is fulfilled in the phase shift oscillator.

Write the equation for oscillation frequency phase shift oscillator.

40. Sketch the circuit of a phase shift oscillator that uses diodes for output amplitude

stabilization. Explain how the amplitude stabilization circuit operates and show how a

distortion control may be included.

41. Draw the circuit of a Wein bridge oscillator. Sketch the output and feedback voltage

waveforms and explain the circuit operation.



42. Discuss the design procedure for a Wein bridge oscillator, and write the equations for

output frequency and amplifier voltage gain.

43. Draw the circuit of an output stage for controlling the output amplitude and dc voltage

level of a signal generator. Explain how it operates and discuss the selection of component

values.

44. Sketch the circuits of first-order low-pass and first-order high-pass active filters. Also

sketch the typical frequency response for each circuit, and briefly explain the operation of

each filter.

45. Write the equation for the voltage gain of a first-order low-pass active filter, and briefly

discuss the circuit design procedure

46. Discuss the circuit design procedure for a first-order high-pass active filter

47. Draw the circuit diagram of a second-order active low-pass active filter and explain its

operation

48. Sketch the typical frequency responses of Butterworth and Chebyshev second-order active

low-pass filters. Write the equations involved in the design of the Butterworth circuit.

49. Sketch the circuit of a second-order active high-pass filter. Briefly explain its operation.

50. Sketch the typical frequency responses of Butterworth and Chebyshev second-order active

high-pass filters. Write the equations required for designing a second-order Butterworth

high-pass filter.

51. Show how a band pass filter circuit can be constructed by the use of a low-pass filter and

a high-pass filter. Sketch the expected frequency response and explain the band pass

filter operation

52. Discuss the differences between wide-band and narrow-band bandpass filters. Sketch

typical frequency responses for each. Write the equations relating Q, B, f1 and f2.

53. Show a bandstop filter circuit can be constructed by the use of low-pass and high-pass

filters. Sketch the expected frequency response, and briefly explain.

54. Briefly discuss about universal active filters.

55. What is a switched capacitor filter? How does it differ from an analog filter?

56. List the advantages of the switched capacitor filter.

57. What is a phase-locked loop?

58. List the basic building blocks of the discrete PLL.

59. What is the major difference between small-signal and power amplifiers?

60. List the differences between monolithic and hybrid power amplifiers?



06EEL57 -

CIRCUIT SIMULATION &

MEASUREMENTS LAB



CIRCUIT SIMULATION & MEASUREMENTS LAB Sub code: 06EEL57 IA Marks: 25



1. Measurement of low resistance using Kelvin’s double bridge.

2. Measurement of cable insulation and earth resistance using Meggar

3. Measurement of inductance using Maxwell Inductance-Capacitance bridge & determination of

Q-factor

4. Measurement of capacitance using De-Sauty’s bridge & determination of dissipation factor.

5. Determination of ratio & phase angle error in CT and PT.

6. Adjustment & calibration of 1-phase energy meter.

7. Measurement of active and reactive power in balanced 3-phase circuit using two-watt meter

method.

8. a) Inverting, non-inverting & scale changing of signals using op -amps

b) RC phase shift oscillator using opamps

(Both using simulation package)

9. RC coupled amplifier-frequency response for variation of bias & coupling using simulation

package

10. Rectifier circuits-Bridge rectifier, diode clipping & clamping circuits using simulation package.

11. Schmitt –trigger- inverting and non-inverting.

12. Signal generator- triangular, saw tooth and rectangular wave generation



LESSON PLAN

CIRCUITS SIMULATION & MEASUREMENT LAB

Sub. Code: 06EEL57 IA Marks : 25

Hrs/Week: 04 Exam Hrs : 03


Class Experiments to be covered

1 Introduction to the Lab and PSPICE software package.

2-4 1st cycle

Instruction for the 1st cycle experiments

• Measurement of Low Resistance using KDB

• Measurement of Inductance using Maxwell L-C bridge &

determination of Q-factor.

• Measurement of Capacitance using De-sauty’s bridge &

determination of dissipation factor

5-7 2nd cycle

Instruction for the 2nd cycle experiments

• Determination of ratio & phase angle error in CT.

• Adjustment and calibration of 1-Φ energy meter.

• Measurement of power in a balanced 3-Φ circuit using two

wattmeter for star & delta connected loads.

8-10 3rd cycle (by Conventional method)

Instruction for the 3rd cycle experiments

• Resonance characteristics for series & parallel circuits

• Verification of Thevenin’s theorem

• Verification of Maximum Power Transfer theorem.

11-13 4th cycle (using Simulation package)

Instruction for the 4th cycle experiments

• All 3rd cycle experiments

• Verification of KCL & KVL for multiloop electrical circuits, with DC &

AC controlled and independent sources.

14 – 16 5th cycle (using Simulation package)

Instruction for the 5th cycle experiments

• RC coupled amplifier – frequency response for variation of Bias &

Coupling

• RC phase shift oscillator using OP-AMPS

• Inverting , Non-inverting and scale changing of signals using OP-

AMPS



CIRCUITS SIMULATION & MEASUREMENTS LAB

VIVA QUESTIONS

1. State Kirchoff’s current law.

2. What are the limitations of KCL?

3. State Kirchoff’s voltage law.

4. What are the limitations of KVL?

5. State MPTT.

6. What are its applications?

7. What is the condition for maximum power transfer when the load is impedance?

8. What is the meaning of balanced circuit?

9. Give the expression for reactive power using 2 wattmeter in a 3φ supply.

10. Give the expression for real power using 2 wattmeter in a 3φ supply.

11. What is the meaning for unbalanced circuit?

12. What are the other methods of measurement of power in 3φ circuits?

13. If the power in star is 10 Kw for a balanced star then what is the power in delta if the

same resistors are re-connected in delta?

14. What is an autotransformer?

15. How can you measure reactive power of a 3φ A.C supply?

16. How can you measure power of an unbalanced load?

17. For what type of load the 2 wattmeter will read equal?

18. What is meant by standardization?

19. What is meant by calibration?

20. Describe the procedure of standardization.

21. What happens when ammeter is connected in parallel in a circuit?

22. What happens when voltmeter is connected in series in a circuit?

23. What is the principle of Kelvin’s double bridge?

24. What is the range for which Kelvin’s double bridge is used?

25. What are the limitations of Kelvin’s double bridge?

26. What are the various methods of measuring the low resistance?

27. What are the applications of Kelvin’s double bridge?

28. Explain how the effect of resistance of connecting wires is eliminated in Kelvin’s double

bridge.

29. Derive the balance equation of Kelvin’s double bridge.

30. What is the operating mechanism of an Energy meter?

31. What are the different adjustments in Energy meter?

32. What is creeping in an Energy meter?

33. How do you overcome creeping?

34. How do you make the top load adjustment?

35. How do you make the bottom load adjustment?

36. What is a phase shifter?

37. How do you compensate for over load in Energy meter?

38. What is Energy meter constant & what is its unit?

39. What are the different methods of testing Energy meter?

40. What is shading band?

41. What are the various methods of measurement of inductance?

42. What is the advantage of Maxwell’s inductance capacitance bridge?

43. What are the disadvantages of Maxwell’s inductance-capacitance bridge?

44. State Thevinin’s theorem.

45. What are its advantages?

46. Can it be applied to a circuit with dependant source?

47. What are the advantages of instrument transformers as compare with shunts and

multipliers

48. Write the expression for phase angle error & ratio error in a CT

49. Why the secondary of a CT should never be open circuit?

50. What are the differences between CT and PT?



51. What are the various methods of determining the capacitance

52. Mention the advantages & disadvantages of Desauty’s bridge

53. What is meant by half power frequency?

54. Give expression for Bandwidth.

55. What happens if resistance is not included in series LC circuit?

56. Give the expression for resonance frequency.

57. List out the probable reasons for theoretical resonance frequency not equal to practical

resonance frequency.

58.Write the expression for current in R-L series circuit

59.Write the expression for current in R-C series circuit

60.Write the expression for current in R-L-C series circuit

61.What is meant by resonance?

62.What is meant by damping factor

63.What is meant by Q factor

64.What is meant by bandwidth

65.What is the resonance condition for parallel RLC circuits

66.What is the resonance condition for parallel RL-RC circuits

67.What is expanded form of pspice.

68.What are the advantages of using P-spice package?

69.What are major features of P-spice package?

70.Explain the various modules of the package from a circuit analysis point of view.

71.Explain how both steady state & transient analysis can be carried out to simulate the

Circuit

72.What is the difference between AC sweep analysis and bias point analysis?

73.What is the purpose of choosing parametric value?

74.What is the purpose of creating a new simulation profile?

75.What is the purpose of netaliasis?

76.How do you save a given profile?

77.What is the resonance condition for parallel RL-RC circuits?

78.What is meant by faithful amplification?

79.What is meant by Q point in amplifiers?

80.What type of biasing is provided in RC coupled amplifiers

81.What will happen if we open R1 in divider of RC coupled amplifiers

82.What will happen if we open R2 in divider of RC coupled amplifiers

83.What will happen if we short R2 in divider of RC coupled amplifiers

84.What will happen if we short R1 in divider of RC coupled amplifiers



06EEL58 -

TRANSFORMERS AND

INDUCTION MACHINES LAB



TRANSFORMERS AND INDUCTION MACHINES LAB

Sub. Code: 06EEL58 IA Marks : 25

Hrs/Week: 04 Exam Hrs : 03


1. OC, SC test: 1- phase transformer, predetermination of efficiency & regulation.

2. Sumpner’s test.

3. Parallel operation of two dissimilar (different KVA) 1-phase transformers.

4. Polarity test & connection of 3 single phase transformers in star – delta and determination of

efficiency & regulation – for balanced direct loading for UPF.

5. Scott connection- for balanced and unbalanced two phases UPF loads.

6. Load test on 3-phase induction motor- performance evaluation (Torque- speed, BHP-

efficiency, BHP_PF slip- BHP).

7. Circle diagram of 3-phase induction Motor- performance evaluation.

8. Obtain the equivalent circuit diagram of a 3-phase I.M. & from equivalent circuit diagram

obtain its performance evaluation.

9. Speed control of 3-phase induction motor- stator voltage control & rotor resistance control

(performance circuits for at least two different voltages/ two rotor resistance values).

10. Load test on- induction generator.

11. Load test on 1 phase induction motor.

12. Speed control of 3-phase induction motor by V/f method.



LESSON PLAN

Transformers and Induction Machine Lab

Sub_Code : 06EEL58 IA Marks: 25 Hrs/Week : 03 Exam Hrs: 03

Total Hrs : 42 Exam Marks: 50

Hour

No. Experiments to be covered

1. Introduction to Lab

I-Cycle Experiments

2.

Predetermination of efficiency and regulation for different loads and p.f. On

single phase transformers by conducting S.C. and O.C. test and verification by

direct loading UPF

3. Determination of efficiency, regulation, and heating under load conditions on two

similar transformers by conducting Sumpner Test.

4. Load test and performance characteristics of 3-phase induction motor.

5. Load test on single phase induction motor

II-Cycle Experiments

6. Polarity test of a transformer by connecting three single-phase transformers in

Star- Delta and determination of efficiency and regulation for balanced direct

loading (u.p.f.)

7. Parallel operation of two dissimilar single phase transformers,

8. Performance characteristics of 3 phase induction motor by conducting no-load

and blocked rotor test (Circle diagram)

9. Performance characteristics of Three-phase induction motor from its Single-

phase equivalent circuit.

III-Cycle Experiments

10. Scott connection for balanced and unbalanced two-phase u.p.f. Loads

11.

Speed control of three phase induction motor by

(i) Stator voltage control

(ii) Rotor resistance control

12. Induction motor operating as a induction generator

13. Connecting the winding of a phase induction motor using TPDTA for star delta

starting.

IV-Cycle Experiments

14. Separation of losses in as single phase transformer

15. Three-phase bridge rectifier

16. Unbalanced loading of Induction motor

17. Induction motor with one line open



Transformers and Induction Machine Lab

VIVA QUESTIONS

1. What is the principle of operation of Transformer?

2. What is the purpose of using Transformers?

3. Will the transformer change the power input to it?

4. In a transformer with 440/220 V, 50Hz what will be the frequency at the secondary side?

5. Is the transformer a rotating or stationary device?

6. Why the transformer cannot work on d.c?

7. What is the voltage transformation ratio of a transformer?

8. What is the E.M.F equation of a transformer?

9. What are the different types of Transformers?

10. What are the different losses occurring in Transformers?

11. Where do the Iron losses occur in the Transformer?

12. Where do the Cu losses occur in the Transformer?

13. Why is the frictional windage loss absent in Transformer?

14. How can you reduce the Hysteresis and Eddy current loss in a Transformer?

15. What are the four main parameters in an equivalent circuit referred either to primary or

secondary?

16. What is the purpose of O.C test?

17. Why the open circuit test on a transformer is usually performed by exciting the low

voltage winding?

18. What is the purpose of doing S.C test?

19. Which side of the transformer is usually shorted to do the S.C test?

20. The core losses are negligible while performing S.C test. Why is it so?

21. Define regulation of Transformer.

22. Negative voltage regulation is an indication of which load?

23. What are the conditions to be satisfied for the two Transformers to work in parallel?

24. Depending upon what two Transformers working in parallel will share their load.

25. What will happen if two Transformers are connected in parallel without regard to their

polarity?

26. What is the condition to be satisfied by the two Transformers to be tested using Back to

Back or Sumpner’s test?

27. What is the advantage of doing Sumpner’s test?

28. What are the main results obtained in Sumpner’s test?

29. How are the full load condition simulated in a Sumpner’s test?

30. How are the losses separated in a Sumpner’s test?

31. Two Transformers with same voltage rating but with different current rating are available.

Can we connect them Back-to-Back. Comment on the same.

32. What is the purpose of doing Scott connection or advantage in performing Scott

connection?

33. In Scott connection is the primary side balanced with a balanced load on secondary?

34. What is the ratio of number of turns on the primary of Teaser and main Transformer?

35. Were does the neutral point lie?

36. In the Scott connection are the two single phase Transformers magnetically coupled?

37. Is it possible to get a balanced three-phase supply from a two-phase supply?

38. Is there any other method for three phases to two-phase conversion?

39. Why is it not possible to operate star/delta Transformer in parallel with star/star or

delta/delta Transformer?

40. What is the advantage of three phase Transformers over a bank of three single-phase

Transformers of equal rating?



41. Which Transformer connection

• Star/star

• Star/delta

• Delta/star

• Delta/delta Provide the highest secondary to primary voltage ratio

42. Which of the three phase connection

• Star/star

• Star/delta

• Delta/star

• Delta/delta Cause interference to the near by communication systems?

43. Differentiate Shell type Transformers and Core type Transformers

44. Transformers core is made up of -----------.

45. What is the condition for maximum efficiency of Transformers?

46. Transformers efficiency will be maximum at what power factor?

47. All day efficiency is applied to which of these? (Power Transformers or Distribution

Transformers)

48. If the thickness of lamination is increased which loss will be more?

49. Tertiary winding is connected in --------------.

50. Why is a Transformer always rated in KVA and not in KW?

51. Why is Induction motor named so?

52. Name the factors responsible for motor speed?

53. What will happen if the poles of a motor are doubled?

54. What is the difference between synchronous speed & actual speed? Which speed is less?

55. What is slip?

56. What will happen if the slip of the motor becomes zero?

57. Which type of motor is used for the following works: Lathe, printing press, drill m/c’s, lifts

& cranes.

58. How can you change the rotation of a wound-rotor motor?

59. What will happen if the starting winding is not cutoff?

60. What is the similarity between a Induction Motor & Transformer?

61. What are the two different Induction Motors & Which one is more widely used one?

62. List some advantages of Induction Motor together with its disadvantages?

63. What is the speciality of rotor bars in squirrel cage Induction Motor?

64. What is the principle of operation of Induction Motor?

65. Is it possible for the rotor field rotates with synchronous speed w.r.t stator?

66. Does the rotor of an Induction Motor rotate in the same direction to the rotation of stator

field?

67. Which Induction Motors is self-starting?

68. Which Induction Motors is not self-starting?

69. A 3-phase Squirrel cage Induction Motor has ........... Starting torque.

70. A 3 phase Slip ring Induction Motor has ............ rotor.

71. The starting torque is high for a ............. Induction Motor.

72. The speed control of 3-phase Induction Motor is easy. True or False.

73. The running speed of a 3 phase Induction Motor is ............. than synchronous speed.

74. If the actual speed of Induction Motor is equal to the synchronous speed, it will develope

torque. True or False.

75. Commonly used A.C. motor for industrial purpose is ..................... motor.

76. A 3 phase Induction Motor is Self-starting. True or False.

77. The number of poles of a 3 phase Induction Motor at 50 c/s running below 1500 r.p.m.

will be ....... poles.

78. A 3-phase Induction Motor with wound rotor is known as .............. Induction Motor.

79. The rotating magnetic field revolves at ..................... speed.

80. The direction of rotation of 3-phase Induction Motor is .............. that of rotating magnetic

field .

81. In a Squirrel cage Induction Motor, the starting current is ............ times the full load

current.

82. The starting torque of 3-phase Squirrel cage Induction Motor is ............. times the full

load torque.



83. 3-phase Squirrel cage Induction Motors are useful when the motor has to start against

............. loads.

84. Starting torque increases with ............. in rotor resistance.

85. The torque in a 3-phase Induction Motor is proportional to square of the applied voltage.

True or False.

86. For a small A.C.motor, the type of starter used is ......................

87. For high starting torque the type of starter used is .................... .

88. Slip ring Induction Motors are started with full line voltage. True or False.

89. A slip ring Induction Motor is started by ................

90. A single phase Induction Motor construction is similar to that of a polyphase Induction

Motor. True or False.

91. In a single phase Induction Motor the rotor has short-circuited cage winding. True or

False.

92. Torque of a single phase Induction Motor at synchronous speed is Negative. True or False.

93. By interchanging supply terminals of a single phase Induction Motor its direction of

rotation can be changed. True or False.

94. Starting capacitor of a single-phase motor is a ................. Capacitor.

95. Capacitor start motor develops a high starting torque. True or False.

96. Centrifugal switch of a single-phase motor disconnects the ............... winding of the

motor.

97. Why the staring winding not cut in the ceiling fan (permanent capacitor type)?

98. What are the advantages of capacitor start – capacitor run motor over capacitor start

motor?

99. How can the direction of a capacitor start – capacitor run motor be changed?

100. Burning of motor windings is due to................. .

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