electrical energy. electrical charges electrical charges and current like charges attract, unlike...
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![Page 1: Electrical Energy. Electrical Charges Electrical Charges and Current Like charges attract, unlike charges repel. Coulmb’s Law](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d535503460f94a2ec2f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Electrical Energy
![Page 2: Electrical Energy. Electrical Charges Electrical Charges and Current Like charges attract, unlike charges repel. Coulmb’s Law](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d535503460f94a2ec2f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Electrical Charges Electrical Charges and Current
Like charges attract, unlike charges repel.
Coulmb’s Law
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qqkFelectric
![Page 3: Electrical Energy. Electrical Charges Electrical Charges and Current Like charges attract, unlike charges repel. Coulmb’s Law](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d535503460f94a2ec2f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Electric and Hydraulic Analogy
Current
Flow rate
Voltage
Elevation
Battery
Pump
Motor Water wheel
![Page 4: Electrical Energy. Electrical Charges Electrical Charges and Current Like charges attract, unlike charges repel. Coulmb’s Law](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d535503460f94a2ec2f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Series and Parallel Circuits Series
Same current passes through all devices
If one device fails, all fail Parallel
Currents add up Devices work independent of each other Fire Hazard
![Page 5: Electrical Energy. Electrical Charges Electrical Charges and Current Like charges attract, unlike charges repel. Coulmb’s Law](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d535503460f94a2ec2f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Units Charge C Current A Voltage V Resistance Energy kWh Power W, kW, MW, GW
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PowerTable 1. Power Consumption For Several Household
Appliances*Appliance Power, W Appliance Power, W
Clock RadioTelevision (color)Freezer/RefrigeratorHair DryerWasher (clothes)Vacuum CleanerHome Computer
270 - 40065 - 200
600 - 10001200 - 1800
350 - 5001000 - 1400
100 - 400
Air ConditionerCoffee MakerIronDishwasherToasterMicrowave OvenDryer (clothes)Oven range
800 - 1000900 - 1200
1200 - 2400850 - 1400800 - 1400750 - 1100
1800 - 500010000 - 12000
![Page 7: Electrical Energy. Electrical Charges Electrical Charges and Current Like charges attract, unlike charges repel. Coulmb’s Law](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649d535503460f94a2ec2f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Generation of electricity Thermal Powerplants Solar Photovoltaics Thermophotovoltaics Electrically Conductive Plastics Fuel Cells
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Fuel Cells
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Principle of Operation Electrolysis
H2O + electric current H2+1/2 O2 Fuel Cells
H2+1/2 O2 H2O +electric current
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Generation
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Storage Battery (chemical energy) Ultracapacitor (static energy) Flywheel (rotational energy)
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Batteries Batteries are devices
that produce electric potentials Primary batteries Secondary batteries
Batteries are characterized by: Electrical potential Capacity
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Transmission To reduce power loss we must
reduce current P=RI2
To reduce current we must transmit power at very high voltages (Since voltage is constant) P=V.I
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Transmission Grid
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Load and Capacity Base load Peak load Average load Capacity Factor Optimal Size
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Load Duration