electrically propelled vehicles standardization in europeiso/iec 17409 jwg iso/iec rcbo rcbo rcbo...
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
Electrically propelled vehicles standardization in Europe
Van den Bossche PeterVrije Universiteit BrusselSecretary IEC TC69 & CLC TC69X
2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
Overview
•Evolution of standardization activities
–Where do we come from?
–Where do we go?
•Global development
•European development
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
EV Standardization Landscape
Figure based on E. Stolz (OPI2020)
M
y
DC
DC
AC
Converter
AC
EV & PHEV if not connected (dynamic) ISO 6469 TC22/SC21
(UNECE R100 ..)
Fixed Installations IEC 60364-7-722 TC64
IEC 61439-7 TC17D
EV & PHEV if connected (static)
IEC 61851 TC69
Battery assemblyISO TC22/SC21Battery cellsJWGIEC TC21/TC69
Wireless energy Tr.IEC 61980 TC69
assemblyISO TC22/SC21
AccessoriesIEC 62196 SC23HIEC 60309-2 SC23H IEC 60884 SC23B
Data transferISO 15118
JWG ISO/IEC V2G
ChargerDC
Smart GridIEC TC57
BorderlineISO/IEC 17409
JWG ISO/IEC
RCBO
RCBO
RCBO
RCBO
In-cable-CPDIEC 62752 SC23E
ICCB
AC
Charger Battery InverterAC
AC
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
Historical development
•IEC TC69: Founded 1969
• ISO TC22 SC21 founded in 1973
•Difference in standardization culture
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ISO TC22 SC21 IEC TC69
Aspects related to the electric vehicle as a whole
Aspects related to electrical components and electric supply
infrastructure
2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
ISO: vehicle-oriented
•Vehicle safety (ISO 6469 series)
•Vehicle performance
•Battery as a system (ISO 12405 series)
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
IEC: components and infrastructure
•Drive train components: no interest in standardization
•Batteries (JWG TC21/SC21A/TC69)
–IEC61982: non-lithium
–IEC62660: lithium (cells and modules)
–IEC62576: capacitors
–Test cycles corresponding to real operation in a specific application
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
Battery cycles
•For BEV or HEV
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-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time [s]
RatioofPm
ax[%]
charge
discharge
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Δ
Curr
ent (
C)
Time (s)
discharge
charge
SOC
t
discharge rich charge rich
80%
30%
0 1h 2h 3h
2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
Infrastructure standards (TC69)
• Conductive charging: IEC 61851
–Definition of “charging mode” concept
•Mode 1: non-dedicated outlet
•Mode 2: non-dedicated outlet, in-cable control box
•Mode 3: dedicated outlet, control pilot
•Mode 4: d.c. charging
– 3rd edition being prepared
• Wireless charging: IEC 61980
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
Interactions
•Vehicle issues (ISO TC22 SC21)
•Accessories (IEC SC23H)
•Low voltage installations (IEC TC64)
•Assemblies (IEC SC17D)
•Smart grid (IEC TC57)
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
Accessories
•Plugs, sockets and connectors for a.c. and d.c.
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
Charging communication
•Basic control pilot function in Mode 3
•Specific d.c. communication with battery
•High level communication between vehicle and charging post: ISO/IEC 15118
•Development of advanced and complex business models (billing, roaming, etc.)
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
European standardization
•CENELEC TC69X
•1990s: parallel work with IEC
–not efficient
•Dormant 2000s when IEC documents published
•Reactivation 2012
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
The Mandate
• Mandate M/468
• Issued by European commission June 2010
• Addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI
• Ensure interoperability, connectivity, safety and electromagnetic compatibility
• CEN/CENELEC Focus Group to make recommendations in response to mandate
– Collaboration between relevant committees and European standard organizations
– Standardization needed for interoperability13
2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
Draft directive
•January 2013
•Development of infrastructure
•Mode 3 charging
•Type 2 accessories for a.c.
•Combo accessories for d.c.
•Under preparation with consultation of CEN/CENELEC Steering Group
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
Standardization process
•European committees (CLC TC69X and CEN TC301) reactivated
•Avoid parallel work: follow work on international level (IEC, ISO) and adapt international standards as EN
•European work only where deemed necessary for specific European requirements
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
House of Standardization
STANDARDSSA
FETY
CO
MPA
TIBLI
TY
PERFO
RM
AN
CE
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
So many committees, so many standards...
• Sectoral division: IEC versus ISO
–Field of competence
–Standardization culture: electrical and automotive
• Regional division:
– international standards
–European standards
–national standards
• Regulations versus standards
• But they all have to agree....17
2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
State of standardization
•Standardization: a microcosmos of society–Players
–Interests
–Interactions
–Cultures
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
The strength of standards
•Bottom-up process
•Drafted by technical experts
•Established by consensus
•Aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context
•Democratic voting process
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
The problems
•Slow process due to consensus principle
•Plethora of conflicting standards
•Overstandardization
“Standardization is a useful servant, but a bad master”N.F. Harriman, 1928
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
Where do we go from here
•The ideal of infrastructure standards
–Any vehicle should be able to safely charge anywhere
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2013-10-23European green cars - Van den Bossche P.
Thank you!