electron-ion collider for nuclear and particle physics · input to talk abhay deshpande's...
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Electron-Ion Collider for
Nuclear and Particle Physics
Hugh Montgomery
Jefferson Lab
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Input to Talk
Abhay Deshpande's EICAC talk to Jefferson Lab Users
http://www.jlab.org/conferences/ugm/talks/Monday/Deshpande.pdf
Zein-Eddine's EICAC talk is at
https://indico.bnl.gov/getFile.py/access?contribId=0&resId=1&materialId=slides&confId=727
Richard Milner's talk at EIC14 is at
http://jacow.web.psi.ch/cgi-bin/conf/EIC2014/editor.zipdownload?paper_id=FRXAUD1&wanted_file=FRXAUD1_TALK.PDF&hcheck=481C104FDF7CBE67F07A01928399BB4B
Janwei Qiu EIC talk at Santa Fe QCD Evolution Conference:
http://www.jlab.org/conferences/qcd2014/monday-am/Jianwei_Qiu.pdf
Rolf Ent, talk at INFN, CSN I Meeting, Elba
https://agenda.infn.it/materialDisplay.py?subContId=1&contribId=16&sessionId=9&materialId=slides&confId=7567
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Acknowledgements
I would like to acknowledge the efforts of many people,
the conveners/authors of the White Paper, the authors
of the talks cited on the previous pages from whom I
took lots of material, the membership of the Electron
Ion Collider Advisory Committee and colleagues Rolf
Ent, Berndt Mueller, and Bob McKeown.
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Framework
• Background – Current Program
• Electron Ion Collider – a QCD Laboratory
• Current status of Projects
• Political Status
• Summary
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Current Program
• RHIC Spin and Heavy Ion Programs
• FNAL (JPARC) Drell Yan program
• Compass Muon scattering
• Jefferson Lab 12 GeV
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RHIC II Science Program
(location unknown)
Low-energy e-cooling will improve
statistics at 𝑠 < 20 GeV for high quality
measurements of fluctuation properties
in search of critical point in QCD phase
diagram
RHIC-II upgrade complete
• Luminosity upgrade via 3-D stochastic
cooling
• EBIS, 56MHz cavity, e-lenses, etc.
• Si vertex detectors in STAR and PHENIX
Install low energy e-cooling in 2017
Install sPHENIX upgrade in 2020
Complete the RHIC Mission in 3 campaigns:
• 2014/15/16: Heavy flavor probes of the QGP
• 2018/19: High intensity Beam Energy Scan II
• 2021/22: Precision jet and quarkonium
physics
Beam Energy Scan II
Heavy Flavor Tracker
enables precision
measurements of
interactions of heavy
quarks in the quark-
gluon plasma
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Jefferson Lab CEBAF 12 GeV Upgrade
• Civil Construction essentially complete
• Accelerator in commissioning
– 5 passes this week, 10.5 GeV in May 2014.
• Physics Sub-Project
– Hall A operational
– Hall D/GlueX in advanced installation
• Commissioning starts Fall this year
– Hall B – detector installation, magnet construction
– Hall C – infrastructure installation, detectors ready, magnet construction
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Jefferson Lab CEBAF 12 GeV Physics
• The Hadron spectra as probes of QCD (GluEx and heavy baryon and meson spectroscopy)
• The transverse structure of the hadrons (Elastic and transition Form Factors)
• The longitudinal structure of the hadrons (Unpolarized and polarized parton distribution functions)
• The 3D structure of the hadrons (Generalized Parton Distributions and Transverse Momentum Distributions)
• Hadrons and cold nuclear matter (Medium modification of the nucleons, quark hadronization, N-N correlations, hypernuclear spectroscopy, few-body experiments)
• Low-energy tests of the Standard Model and Fundamental Symmetries
More than 7 years of approved program!
Valence Region
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Electron Ion Collider: A QCD Laboratory
Understanding the “99%”, the glue that binds us
• Tomography of the nucleus
• Gluon and sea quarks
– spin
– orbital angular momentum
• QCD at high gluon density
• Quark hadronization in depth
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Multidimensional Parton Distributions
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Naturally, two scales:
high Q – localized probe
To “see” quarks and gluons
Low pT – sensitive to confining scale
To “see” their confined motion
Theory – QCD TMD factorization
Semi-Inclusive DIS Transverse Momentum
Naturally, two planes:
1( , )
sin( ) sin( )
sin(3 )
l l
UT h S
h S
SiverCollins
Pretzelosi
UT
ty
U
s
UT h S
h ST
N NA
P N
A
A
N
A
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• Tomographic images of KX/Ky of partons as functions of
Bjorken-x: u quark distribution for transversely polarized
proton.
• With EIC: low x partonic plots like these are possible!
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Nucleon Tomography
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current data
w/ EIC data
Helicity PDFs at an EIC
DG
DS
Q2 = 10 GeV2
A Polarized EIC:
• Tremendous improvement on DG
• Good improvement in DS
• Spin Flavor decomposition
of the Light Quark Sea
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EMC effect, Shadowing and Saturation:
Questions: Is nuclear structure function suppressed at small x?
Will the suppression continue fall as x decreases?
Range of color correlation – could impact the center of neutron stars!
Saturation in RF2
≠ Saturation in F2
Saturation in F2(A) = RF2 decreases until saturation in F2(D)
Nuclear Landscape at low x?
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Gluon Saturation
Diffractive event
Radiation
Recombination
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Hadronization & Energy Loss in Cold QCD Matter
semi-inclusive
DIS Heavy quark energy loss:
- Mass dependence of fragmentation
pion
D0
Control of n and
length in the Medium
π
D0
How hadrons emerge from quarks and gluons?
Unprecedented n range at EIC:
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MESA(Mainz)
APV (Cs) (pr 2012)
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APV (Cs)
LHeC
Electroweak Physics
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EIC
The Reach of EIC
JLab
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EMC HERMES
• High Luminosity
1034 cm-2s-1
• High Polarization
70%
• Low x regime
x 0.0001
Discovery
Potential! 1.00E+30
1.00E+31
1.00E+32
1.00E+33
1.00E+34
1.00E+35
1.00E+36
1.00E+37
1.00E+38
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
x
HERA (no p pol.) COMPASS L
um
ino
sity
cm
.-2 s
ec. -
1
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Possible Future Past
High-Energy Physics Hadron Physics
Electron Ion Colliders
HERA@DESY LHeC@CERN eRHIC@BNL MEIC@JLab HIAF@CAS ENC@GSI
ECM (GeV) 320 800-1300 70-150 12-70 140 12 65 14
proton xmin 1 x 10-5 5 x 10-7 4 x 10-5 5 x 10-5 7 x10-3 3x10-4 5 x 10-3
ion p p to Pb p to U p to Pb p to U p to ~40Ca
polarization - - p, 3He p, d, 3He (6Li) p, d, 3He p,d
L [cm-2 s-1] 2 x 1031 1033-34 1033 1034 1034-35 1032-33 1035 1032
IP 2 1 2+ 2+ 1 1
Year 1992-2007 2025 2025 Post-12 GeV 2019 2030 upgrade to FAIR
Figure-8 Figure-8 Dormant Followed by
FCC-he?
EIC CEIC
Note: xmin ~ x @ Q2 = 1 GeV2
Europe Europe China US
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The CM Energy vs Luminosity Landscape
CEIC1 = Chinese version
of Electron-Ion Collider (“A dilution-free mini-COMPASS”)
MEIC1 = EIC@Jlab
eRHIC = EIC@BNL
LHeC = ep/eA collider
@ CERN
CEIC2
MEIC2
HL-eRHIC
FCC-he } future
extensions
Lepton-Proton Scattering Facilities
Lum
ino
sity
(1
03
0cm
-2s-1
)
cms Energy (GeV)
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Accelerator/Detector R&D & Collaboration
• Accelerator R&D: Significant level of activity since 2008
• Detector designs ideas being developed: @BNL & @Jlab
– BNL ALD asked to evaluate the feasibilities with ePHENIX and eSTAR
– Studies of MEIC detector & IR lay out ongoing at Jefferson Lab
Since 2010:
• Detector R&D supported by DOE through BNL
• https://wiki.bnl.gov/conferences/index.php/EIC_R%25D
– An external committee evaluates: new proposals and progress on
funded ones every ~6 months. [Next review July 2014]
• Collaborative groups formed across the US Universities and some
European & Asian institutions: Tracking, PID, Calorimetry R&D proposals
EIC Users Meeting at Stony Brook University, June 23-27, 2014.
http://skipper.physics.sunysb.edu/~eicug/meetings/SBU.html
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BNL’s EIC Concept
ePHENIX and eSTAR
Letters of Intent
eRHIC
eRHIC ERL + FFAG ring design @ 1033/cm2s
15.9 GeV e− + 255 GeV p or 100 GeV/u Au.
When completed, eRHIC will be the most advanced and
energy efficient accelerator in the world
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eRHIC Interaction Region with b* = 5 cm
• 10 mrad crab-crossing angle
• 90 degree lattice and beta-beat in
adjacent arcs to reach b* of 5 cm and
provide effective chromatic corrections
• Large enough aperture IR SC magnets
for forward collision products and with
field-free passage for electron beam
• Recent IR design improvements on the
magnet design with electron passage
and integration of detector
components
Crab-cavities
p
e
Electron passage is
arranged between SC
coils of hadron magnet
in this field-free region
© B. Parker
Forward detector
components
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EIC at Jefferson Lab Jefferson Lab Design
12 GeV CEBAF is electron injector
Figure 8 high polarization
Crab crossing high luminosity
Initial configuration (MEIC):
3-12 GeV on 20-100 GeV ep/eA collider
Upgradable to higher energies
250 GeV protons + 20 GeV electrons
Present Activities
Site evaluation
Design optimization
Accelerator, detector R&D
Cost estimation
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EIC: Integrated Interaction Region (IR) & Detector
ultra forward
hadron detection low-Q2
electron detection large aperture
electron quads
small diameter
electron quads
central detector
with endcaps
ion quads
50 mrad beam
(crab) crossing angle
n,γ
e p
p
small angle
hadron detection
60 mrad bend
e
Roman
pots
Thin exit
windows
Fixed
trackers in
vacuum?
Ions
Ions
Electrons
Electrons
Electron downstream CCB
Electron upstream CCB
Ion downstream CCB
Ion upstream CCB Vertical dogleg
Vertical dogleg
IP (50 mrad crossing angle)
1st ion spectrometer dipole
2nd ion spectrometer dipole
Electron
spectrometer dipole
2m separation
2 m separation
Accelerator view of IR Layout
Nuclear Physics view of IR Layout MEIC ring layout
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Electron Ion Collider Energy 20 – ~100 GeV
High Luminosity 1033 - 1034 cm2s-1
Low x regime x 0.0001
High polarizations 70%
Ion beams up to U or PB
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Electron Ion Collider
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NSAC 2007 Long-Range Plan:
“An Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) with polarized beams has been embraced by the U.S. nuclear science community as embodying the vision for reaching the next QCD frontier. EIC would provide unique capabilities for the study of QCD well beyond those available at existing facilities worldwide and complementary to those planned for the next generation of accelerators in Europe and Asia.”
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Electron Ion Collider
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EIC Developments
• NSAC Facilities Report (Redwine)
EIC absolutely central to future Nuclear Physics
• EICAC meeting (2/28-3/1, BNL)
• EIC14 Accelerator workshop at Jefferson Lab (Mar 17-21)
• EIC Users Meeting SUNY Stony Brook, June 24-27, 2014
http://skipper.physics.sunysb.edu/~eicug/meetings/SBU.html
• NSAC Long Range Plan (April 2014 start, due October 2015)
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Conclusions
• An Electron Ion Collider is a natural next step in the exploration of the structure of matter and its theory, QCD
• There is a broad consensus with respect to the essential physics parameters:
– High Polarization
– High Luminosity
– Moderate energy
• This physics goals are accessible
• An appropriate machine is buildable
• The US Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan process will surely consider the issue
• International participation in the plan for the physics and the construction of the machine and detectors would be welcome.