electron micrograph of chromosomes taken from a somatic cell
DESCRIPTION
In humans, the diploid (2n) number of chromosomes is… 46 chromosomes: 23 from dad, 23 from mom. Electron Micrograph of Chromosomes taken from a somatic cell. Karyotype – a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell of an organism - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Electron Micrograph of Chromosomes taken from a somatic cell.
In humans, the diploid (2n) number of chromosomes is…46 chromosomes: 23 from dad, 23 from mom.
![Page 2: Electron Micrograph of Chromosomes taken from a somatic cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/568163a7550346895dd4b39a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Karyotype – a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell of an organism
Single-stranded chromosomes… What stage of mitosis was this cell in?Anaphase or telophase
Homologous pairs are arranged by size and banding pattern;Pairs 1 22 are autosomes;
Pair 23 = sex chromosomes (XX = female, XY = male)
Pair #23Only males have a Y chromosomes. Who
determines baby’s gender?Dad does!
(sperm can have X or Y, egg can only have X)
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The Making of a Karyotype
We Start Here
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Karyotype PracticeLearn Genetics – University of Utah (in class)
The Biology Project Karyotype Activity (homework)Answer on a separate sheet of paper:
Patient karyotypes and diagnoses (Qs #1 & 2);Add brief description of genetic disorder/syndrome
(research) A1, A2B1, B2C1, C2
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H
A
P
L
O
I
D
TRIPLOID
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N or 1N, 1 of a kind
2N, 2 of a kind, A homologous pair
Egg cell or Sperm Cell
Body Cell
A term used to decribe if the cell is Haploid or if the cell is Diploid
Add the term Homologous / Homologue
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462
FemaleMale
MomDad
Autosomes
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Autosomes4422
1
Chromosome #1 is the largest and gets smaller as you progress to Chromosome #22………………………………………..
therefore Chromosomes #1 has more DNA and Chromosome #22 has the least amount of DNA
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Cell ACell B
Cell BCell A
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Somatic Cells have a full set of DNA, 46 chromosomes
2n = 46
Gametes have a ½ set of DNA, only 23 chromosomes because the other half of genetic material comes from the other parent during fertilization
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(see meiosis slides)
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Meiosis & Sexual Reproduction
In most sexually reproducing species, organisms have two sets of chromosomes (2n, diploid),
one from each parent…
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Being diploid is awesome because…
…you get a backup copy
of each gene!!!
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Sexual reproduction is awesome because…… it creates genetic diversity in a
population…
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… which increases the chances that at least some will survive challenging
environmental conditions.
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Meiosis
Keeps the species’ number of chromosomes constant from one generation to the next by creating haploid
gametes↓
Creates genetic diversity in gametes through crossing-over and random assortment of chromosomes
↓Allows for the sexual recombination of genetically
diverse gametes (during fertilization), creates genetically different individuals