PROJECT REPORT ON

Electronic security system

(Major Project)

By :- RISING STARS

Government Polytechnic Sonipat

Project report

On

Electronic security system

Submitted To: - Submitted by:-

Mr. Amit Malik RISING STARS

[Final year 6th semester]

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my sincere gratitude and thanks to Mr. T.P.Rawat ( H.o.D.) of Electronics & Comm. Engineering. ,Govt. polytechnic, sonipat for his invaluable co-operation.it helps and guidance as well as healthy criticism resulting works. It is my privilege to express my indebtedness to my respected lecturer Mr. Amit Malik. Without whose help, this project could not have been complete. His able guidance encouragement and valuable suggestion led my way pass easily through most difficult period during the project

Submitted by:- Harish 11013100034 Deepa 11013100028 Anjali 11013100009 Neha 11013100054 Akshit 11013100004 Anju 11013100010

Group Name:- RISING STARS

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ContentsACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………………………………………...2INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4REQUIREMENTS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5 CAPACITOR……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7 RESISTOR…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 TRANSISTOR……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9 P.C.B……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………10 ICUM3561…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….11 DIODE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………12 L.E.D……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..13 PUSH TO ON SENSE SWITCH………………………………………………………………………………………….14 PUSH TO ON SWITCH……………………………………………………………………………………………………15 ON/OFF SLIDE SWITCH……………………………..…………………………………………………………………..16 ON/OFF SWITCH……………………………………………………………………………………………………………17 LOUDSPEAKER…………..………………………………………………………………………………………………….18 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………19 MONITORING AND ALARM CIRCUIT………………………………………………………………………………20 CONSTRUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….21 WORKING……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..22 ADVANTAGES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..23DISADVANTAGES..............................................................................................................24

APPLICATIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….25REFERENCE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..26 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..27

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INTRODUCTION TO ELECRRONIC SECURITY SYSTEM

Electronic security system can be used in banks, factories, commercial establishments, houses, etc. The system comprises a monitoring system and several sensing zones. Each sensing zone is provided with a closed-loop switch known as sense switch. Sense switches are fixed on the doors of premises under security and connected to the monitoring system. As long as the doors are closed, sense switches are also closed. The monitoring system can be installed at a convenient central place for easy operation.

For other zones, the monitoring circuit is identical, with only the prefixes of components changing as per zone number. Encircled points A, B, and C of each zone monitoring circuit need to be joined to the corresponding points of the alarm circuit. We can alter the alarm sound as desired by changing the connections of IC1.The circuit continues to sound the alarm until zone door is closed (to close switch S11) and the reset switch is pressed momentarily (which causes transistor T10 to cut off, returning the circuit to its initial state).The system operates off a 3V DC battery. If desired, more operating zones can be added.

Initially keep the monitoring system switch S1 off. Keep all the zone doors fixed with sensing switches S11, S21, S31, S41, etc closed. This keeps the sensing switches for respective zones in closed position. Also keep zone slide switches S12, S22, S32, S42, etc in ‘on’ position. This puts the system in operation, guarding all the zone doors. Now, if the door of a particular zone is opened, the monitoring system sounds an audible alarm and the LED corresponding to the zone glows to indicate that the door of the zone is open. The alarm and the LED indication will continue even after that particular door with the sensing switch is immediately closed, or even if that switch is removed/damaged or connecting wire is cut open. Any particular zone in the monitoring system can be put to operation or out of operation by switching on or switching off the corresponding slide switch in the monitoring system.

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REQUIREMENTS

COMPONENTS:-

RESISTOR:- R1 220Ω

R2 220K

R11 10K

R12 100Ω

R13 100Ω

R14 10K

R10 4.7K

VR1 10K

CAPACITOR:- C1 100µF 6V

C10 10µF 6V

TRANSISTOR:- T1 BC548

T2 BEL187

T10 BC548

T11 BC558

T12 BC558

DIODE :- D10 1N4007

LED1 RED

SWITCHES:- S1 ON/OFF SWITCH

S11 PUSH TO ON SENSE SWITCH

S12 ON/OFF SLIDE SWITCH

S13 PUSH TO ON SWITCH

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IC UM3561 and

3V BATTERY

LOUDSPEAKER 8Ω 1W

P.C.B.

TOOLS:-

1. Solder iron2. Soldering paste3. Solder wire4. Cutter5. Screw driver6. Copper wire7. Multimeter

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Capacitor

The two conducting plates separated by an insulating material (dielectric) forms a capacitor. The basic purpose of a capacitor is to store the charge. The capacity of a capacitor to store charge per unit potential difference is called capacitance of a capacitor. The unit of a capacitor is farads (f). However, the unit farad is too large, the capacitors are specified practically in microfarads or The capacitor is a component which blocks the D.C. voltage but pass the A.C. voltage by means of charging or discharging. These applications include coupling, bypassing and filtering for A.C. signal. The symbol of capacitor is shown below:-

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Resistor

Resistor is a component, used to limit the amount of current or divide the voltage in an electronic circuit. The ability of a resistor to oppose the current is called resistance. The unit of a resistance R is ohm. The resistor whose have fixed value is called fixed resistors & the resistor which have a varying value is called variable resistor. The schematic symbol of resistor is:-

Transistor

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A semiconducting device consisting of two p n junctions formed by sandwiching either p-type or n-type semiconducting between a pair of opposite types is known as a transistor.

Accordingly there are two types of transistors, namely:-

(1) npn (2) pnp

P.C.B

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The use of miniaturation and subminiaturation in electronic equipment design has been responsible for the introduction of a new technique in inter-component wiring and assembly that is popularly known as “Printed Circuit”.

The PCB consists of an insulating substrate material with metallic circuitry photo chemically formed upon that substrate. Thus PCB provides sufficient mechanical support and necessary electrical connections for an electronic circuit.

IC UM3561

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UM3561 is an excellent ROM IC that can generate Multi siren tones simulating Police siren, Ambulance siren, Fire brigade siren and Machine gun sound. This 8 pin low power IC can work down to 2.4 volts. The UM 3561 is a low cost siren generator designed for use in toy applications. The IC has an inbuilt oscillator and tone selection pins. It is easy to make a siren generator with only a few external components. Only one external resistor and a speaker driver transistor are sufficient to make a simple siren generator.

Inside the UM3561

Inside the IC, there is an oscillator circuit and the frequency of oscillations is controlled by the external resistor connected to OSC 1(Pin 7) and OSC2 (Pin 8). A 220 K resistor will give satisfactory results. The oscillations thus generated will be then transferred to a control circuit which function based on the tone selection through the connections of SEL 1 (Pin 6) and SEL2 (Pin 1) . The control circuit passes the signal to an address counter and then to the ROM. The tone pulses thus generated will be available from the output pin 3. Since the sound is weak, an amplifier is necessary to get loud sound. A single NPN transistor will amplify the sound.

Pin 1 Tone Sel.2Pin 2 GndPin 3 OutputPin 4 NC- Used for testing purposePin 5 +3VPin 6 Tone Sel .1Pin 7 Osc 1Pin 8 Osc 2

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DIODE

In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component with asymmetric conductance; it has low (ideally zero) resistance to current in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other. A semiconductor diode, the most common type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a p–n junction connected to two electrical terminals.[5] A vacuum tube diode has two electrodes, a plate (anode) and a heated cathode. Semiconductor diodes were the first semiconductor electronic devices.The discovery of crystals' rectifying abilities was made by German physicist Ferdinand Braun in 1874. The first semiconductor diodes, called cat's whisker diodes, developed around 1906, were made of mineral crystals such as galena. Today, most diodes are made of silicon, but other semiconductors such as selenium or germanium are sometimes used.

The most common function of a diode is to allow an electric current to pass in one direction (called the diode's forward direction), while blocking current in the opposite direction (the reverse direction). Thus, the diode can be viewed as an electronic version of a check valve. This unidirectional behavior is called rectification, and is used to convert alternating current to direct current, including extraction of modulation from radio signals in radio receivers—these diodes are forms of rectifiers.

However, diodes can have more complicated behavior than this simple on–off action, due to their nonlinear current-voltage characteristics. Semiconductor diodes begin conducting electricity only if a certain threshold voltage or cut-in voltage is present in the forward direction (a state in which the diode is said to be forward-biased). The voltage drop across a forward-biased diode varies only a little with the current, and is a function of temperature; this effect can be used as a temperature sensor or voltage reference

LED

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A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source that resembles a basic pn-junction diode, except that an LED also emits light. When an LED's anode lead has a voltage that is more positive than its cathode lead by at least the LED's forward voltage drop, current flows. Electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor. An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern.

Early LEDs were often used as indicator lamps for electronic devices, replacing small incandescent bulbs. They were soon packaged into numeric readouts in the form of seven-segment displays, and were commonly seen in digital clocks.

PUSH TO ON SENSE SWITCH

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PUSH TO ON SWITCH

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A push-button (also spelled pushbutton) or simply button is a simple switch mechanism for controlling some aspect of a machine or a process. Buttons are typically made out of hard material, usually plastic or metal.[1] The surface is usually flat or shaped to accommodate the human finger or hand, so as to be easily depressed or pushed. Buttons are most often biased switches, though even many un-biased buttons (due to their physical nature) require a spring to return to their un-pushed state. Different people use different terms for the "pushing" of the button, such as press, depress, mash, and punch. The "push-button" has been utilized in calculators, push-button telephones, kitchen appliances, and various other mechanical and electronic devices, home and commercial.

In industrial and commercial applications, push buttons can be connected together by a mechanical linkage so that the act of pushing one button causes the other button to be released. In this way, a stop button can "force" a start button to be released. This method of linkage is used in simple manual operations in which the machine or process have no electrical circuits for control. Pushbuttons are often color-coded to associate them with their function so that the operator will not push the wrong button in error. Commonly used colors are red for stopping the machine or process and green for starting the machine or process.

Red pushbuttons can also have large heads (called mushroom heads) for easy operation and to facilitate the stopping of a machine. These pushbuttons are called emergency stop buttons and are mandated by the electrical code in many jurisdictions for increased safety. This large mushroom shape can also be found in buttons for use with operators who need to wear gloves for their work and could not actuate a regular flush-mounted push button. As an aid for operators and users in industrial or commercial applications, a pilot light is commonly added to draw the attention of the user and to provide feedback if the button is pushed. Typically this light is included into the center of the pushbutton and a lens replaces the pushbutton hard center disk. The source of the energy to illuminate the light is not directly tied to the contacts on the back of the pushbutton but to the action the pushbutton controls. In this way a start button when pushed will cause the process or machine operation to be started and a secondary contact designed into the operation or process will close to turn on the pilot light and signify the action of pushing the button caused the resultant process or action to start.

ON/OFF SWITCH

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A switch has two conductive pieces, often metal, called contacts, connected to an external circuit, that touch to complete (make) the circuit, and separate to open (break) the circuit. The contact material is chosen for its resistance to corrosion, because most metals form insulating oxides that would prevent the switch from working. Contact materials are also chosen on the basis of electrical conductivity, hardness (resistance to abrasive wear), mechanical strength, low cost and low toxicity.

Sometimes the contacts are plated with noble metals. They may be designed to wipe against each other to clean off any contamination. Nonmetallic conductors, such as conductive plastic, are sometimes used. To prevent the formation of insulating oxides, a minimum wetting current may be specified for a given switch design. Triple-pole single-throw (TPST or 3PST) knife switch used to short the windings of a 3-phase wind turbine for braking purposes. Here the switch is shown in the open position. In electronics, switches are classified according to the arrangement of their contacts. A pair of contacts is said to be "closed" when current can flow from one to the other. When the contacts are separated by an insulating air gap, they are said to be "open", and no current can flow between them at normal voltages. The terms "make" for closure of contacts and "break" for opening of contacts are also widely used.

In a switch where the contacts remain in one state unless actuated, such as a push-button switch, the contacts can either be normally open (abbreviated "n.o." or "no") until closed by operation of the switch, or normally closed ("n.c." or "nc") and opened by the switch action. A switch with both types of contact is called a changeover switch. These may be "make-before-break" ("MBB" or shorting) which momentarily connects both circuits, or may be "break-before-make" ("BBM" or non-shorting) which interrupts one circuit before closing the other.

LOUDSPEAKER17

A loudspeaker (or "speaker", or in the early days of radio "loud-speaker") is an electroacoustic transducer that produces sound in response to an electrical audio signal input. In other words, speakers convert electrical signals into audible signals. Non-electrical loudspeakers were developed as accessories to telephone systems, but electronic amplification by vacuum tube made loudspeakers more generally useful.

The most popular speaker used today is the dynamic speaker. The dynamic speaker operates on the same basic principle as a dynamic microphone. When an alternating current (i.e., electrical audio signal input) is applied through the voice coil that surrounds a magnet (or that is surrounded by a permanent magnet), the coil is forced back and forth as described by Faraday's law of induction, which causes the paper cone attached to the coil to respond with a rapid back-and-forth motion that creates sound waves

Where high fidelity reproduction of sound is required, multiple loudspeakers may be used, each reproducing a part of the audible frequency range. Miniature loudspeakers are found in devices such as radio and TV receivers, and many forms of music players. Larger loudspeaker systems are used for music, sound reinforcement in theatres and concerts, and in public address systems.

Speakers are typically housed in an enclosure which is often a rectangular or square box made of wood or sometimes plastic

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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MONITORING AND ALARM CIRCUIT

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CONSTRUCTION

IC UM3561 is siren sound generator which gives different- different sounds by changing the connections of pin1 and pin6. Transistor T1 and T2 are used for amplification of IC

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output and the variable resistor is used as potentiometer for changing the volume of the loudspeaker. R2 is connected to pin7 and pin8 for frequency of the in-built oscillator. Pin2 is ground and pin4 has VDD. Pin5 is connected to the zone1 circuit.

In the zone circuit, sensor switch S11 is used for sensing that the door is open or closed. S12 is used to on-off the zone circuit. S13 is used to reset this after the door is closed. LED is an indicator which glows when door is open. T10, T11, T12 are used after sensing and gives the output to the IC through the diode D10. Capacitor C1 and C10 are used as filter capacitor. S1 switch is used for on/off the particular zone.

Loudspeaker gives the sound which is the output of IC. 3V battery gives the power supply to the circuit.

WORKING

Initially keep the monitoring system switch S1 off. Keep all the zone doors fixed with sensing switches S11, S21, S31, S41, etc closed. This keeps the sensing switches for

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respective zones in closed position. Also keep zone slide switches S12, S22, S32, S42, etc in ‘on’ position. This puts the system in operation, guarding all the zone doors.

When zone1 sensing switch S11, zone switch S1 are all on, pnp transistor T12 reverse biases to go in cut-off condition, with its collector at around 0 volt. When the door fitted with sensor switch S11 is opened, transistor T12 gets forward biased and it conducts. Its collector voltage goes high, which forward biases transistor T10 falls to forward bias transistor T11, which conducts and its collector voltage is sustained at a high level. Under this latched condition, sensor switch S11 and the state of transistor T12 have no effect. In this state, red LED11 of the zone remains lit.

Simultaneously, the high-level voltage from the collector of transistor T11 via diode D10 is applied to VDD pin 5 of siren sound generator IC1 (UM3561) whose pin 2 is grounded. Resistor R3 connected across pins 7 and 8 of IC1 determines the frequency of the in-built oscillator. As a result, IC1 starts generating the audio signal output at pin 3. The output voltage from IC1 is further amplified by Darlington pair of transistors T1 and T2. The amplified output of the Darlington pair drives the loudspeaker whose output volume can be controlled by potentiometer VR1. Capacitor C1 serves as a filter capacitor.

The circuit continues to sound the alarm until zone door is closed (to close switch S11) and the reset switch is pressed momentarily (which causes transistor T10 to cut off, returning the circuit to its initial state).

The alarm and the LED indication will continue even after that particular door with the sensing switch is immediately closed, or even if that switch is removed/damaged or connecting wire is cut open. Any particular zone in the monitoring system can be put to operation by switching on or switching off the corresponding slide switch in the monitoring system.

ADVANTAGES

This switch is best suited for security purpose This is so cheap. It is easy to construct.

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It is easy to maintain Easy to operate. This is more reliable. It consumes less power. The alarm sound can be changed as per requirement by changing the

connections of IC.

DISADVANTAGES

It doesn’t give any information whether the door is opened by the owner or the thief. It sounds when the door is opened by owner and also sounds when the door is opened by the thief.

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APPLICATIONS

1. It is used in houses for security.

2. It is used in banks.

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3. This is used in factories.

4. It is used in commercial establishments.

REFERENCE

This project is completed successfully with the help of these sources:-

www.efy.com

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www.wikipedia.com www.wikimedia.com F.E.E.E. (SAHDEV)

Conclusion

A successful program is that, which cover all the requirements. Here we tried to complete in the same manner so that we get all what we requires Even a successful program retains

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some drawback and there is a possibility of not fulfilling some requirement in our project work so, suggestions are always welcomed.

Because we are always learner

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