electronics for gas detectors - indico
TRANSCRIPT
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 1
Electronics for Gas Detectors
Sorin Martoiu, CERN
03/02/2014 2
IONIZATION
DRIFT
MULTIPLICATION
READOUT
AMPLIFICATION
PROCESSING
FEATURE EXTRACTION
EVENT CORRELATION
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 2
Electronics for Gas Detectors
Electronics for Gas Detectors
signal range = 10 .. 1000 ke-
signal width = 5 .. 200ns
negative or positive polarity
…
Low noise (0.1 ~ 1 ke)
High channel count
(up to millions of ch)
Discharge protection
Radiation hardness
Rate capability
Efficiency
Data Bandwidth
Spatial resolution
Temporal resolution
Energy resolution
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors,
[email protected] 3 03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 3
meshstrip
stripstrip
h
LWC
0
~ 0.1..1 pF/cm
Parasitic Capacitances
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 5
Noise Optimization
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 7
MOS Preamplifier Example
2
2
22 )()(
gDff
S
gDww
Sin CCASCCAS
AiENC
DSoxm IL
WCg 2
Bias resistor + bleeder …
MOS transconductance
Technology parameters
Shaper coefficients
Power consumption
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 8
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
800.0
900.0
000E+0 50E-9 100E-9 150E-9 200E-9
ENC
ts
ENC vs. Ts (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Id = 2m; Cd = 20pF)
ENCi
ENCw
ENCf
ENC
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
800.0
900.0
1000.0
000.E+0 10.E-12 20.E-12 30.E-12 40.E-12
ENC
Cd
ENC vs. Cd (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Id = 2mA)
ENCi
ENCw
ENCf
ENC
shaping time
detector capacitance Current Noise
White Noise 1/f Noise
2
2
22 )()(
gDff
S
gDww
Sin CCASCCAS
AiENC
m
wg
KTS
3
8
DSoxm IL
WCg 2
* TSMC 0.35um data from the web
Noise increases with
detector capacitance
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 9
200.0
400.0
600.0
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
1400.0
000.0E+0 50.0E-9 100.0E-9 150.0E-9 200.0E-9
ENC
Ts
Cd = 10pF
Cd = 20pF
Cd = 40pF
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
800.0
900.0
1000.0
1100.0
000.0E+0 50.0E-9 100.0E-9 150.0E-9 200.0E-9
ENC
ts
ENC vs. Id & Ts (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Cd = 20pF)
Id = 1mA
Id = 2 mA
Id = 3mA
shaping time
detector capacitance Current Noise
White Noise 1/f Noise
2
2
22 )()(
gDff
S
gDww
Sin CCASCCAS
AiENC
m
wg
KTS
3
8
DSoxm IL
WCg 2
* TSMC 0.35um data from the web
variable shaping: 50 … 300 ns
Noise decreases
with power
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 10
Sensitivity vs. Efficiency
Sensitivity
Efficiency
Detector Capaci-tance
Electronic Noise
Shaping Time
Rate Capability
Detector Segmenta
-tion
shaping time
detector capacitance Current Noise
White Noise 1/f Noise
2
2
22 )()(
gDff
S
gDww
Sin CCASCCAS
AiENC
Spatial Resolution
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 11
Sensitivity vs. Power
Sensitivity
Power
Detector Capaci-tance
Electronic Noise
Power Consum
p-tion
Detector Segment
a-tion
2
2
22 )()(
gDff
S
gDww
Sin CCASCCAS
AiENC
detector capacitance
m
wg
KTS
3
8
DSoxm IL
WCg 2
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 12
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 13
How do I readout all channels?
Front-End Architecture
Waveform sampling
Self-triggered channel
Preamp Shaper Signal
processing + ADC
Pipeline
other channels
other channels
ADC
Preamp
Hit
detection
Feature
extraction
Shaper 2
Shaper 1 Timestamp Feature 1 Feature 2
Memory
RAM/
Analog
other channels
23/11/2009 14 03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 14
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 15
APV25
Waveform sampling
preamp shaperAPSP
S/H
inverter
pipeline
MUX gain
128:1MUX
Differentialcurrent
output amp
192 time-samples
50ns – 160ns*
analog serializer
Preamp Shaper (Analog)
Signal
Processing + ADC
Pipeline
other channels
other channels
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 16
APV25
preamp shaperAPSP
S/H
inverter
pipeline
MUX gain
128:1MUX
Differentialcurrent
output amp
192 time-samples/max 30 readout
50ns – 160ns*
analog serializer
25ns x 128ch
3.5us Max rate(th) = 280kHz / nr_samples
APV Analog Serial Frame
sync pulses headers
Analogue data (128 channel samples)
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 17
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 18
What front-end do I choose?
A little more data bandwidth if I use more outputs in parallel …
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 19
BEETLE
4x outputs (A/D) (more bandwidth)
Fast-OR output for triggering
160 time-samples max 16 samples readout
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 20
What front-end do I choose?
How can I go faster? Is ADC resolution really necessary for my application or I can live with just one bit? Ex. Tracking detectors
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 21
VFAT – Binary readout
256 samples 128 events
• No more analog information
• Faster readout
• More bandwidth
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 22
What front-end do I choose?
What do I do if I have very high events rates?
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 23
VMM (BNL)
ADC
Preamp
Hit
detection
Feature
extraction
Shaper 2
Shaper 1 Timestamp Feature 1 Feature 2
Memory
RAM/
Analog
other channels
?
• Data driven system
• No sampling clock
• Self triggered
• Natural zero-suppression
• Feature extraction
Other
Pixel readout - TIMEPIX
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 24
SRS Hybrids HDMI connector Power LDOs
Disch
arge p
rote
ction
Front-End Chip
Stand
ard R
D5
1
senso
r con
necto
r
standard RD51 connector
discharge protection
micro-HDMI
clk & trg
data links
dcs (I2C)
industry-ready design
purchase through CERN store
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 25
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 26
SRS Hybrids – Discharge Protection
SRS Hybrids – Discharge Protection
Samtec MMCX
coax connector
GND connection (< 2mohm)
middle pin can be used for power
mechanical connection
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 27
New Hybrids
BEETLE Hybrid VFAT2 Hybrid
Optional stacking conn. for cable-less connection
Power option via MMCX connectors
First prototypes foreseen for Aug-Sep 2012
Rad-tol CPLD
Comparator OR/MUX
Clk & Trg decode
Work in progress
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 28
Scalability Concept
System Size (small)
FE ASIC
FE ASIC
Front-end Adapter
Card (FEC)
DETECTOR
1Gb Ethernet
FE ASIC
on
-det
ecto
r o
ff-d
etec
tor
Chip-link (HDMI, fiber, …)
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 29
Scalability Concept
System Size (medium)
Muon Tomography (Florida) MAMMA Beamtest (CERN)
Front-end Adapter
Card (FEC)
FE ASIC
FE ASIC
FE ASIC
FE ASIC
Front-end Adapter
Card (FEC)
DETECTOR
Network Switch
1Gb Ethernet
on
-det
ecto
r o
ff-d
etec
tor
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 30
Scalability Concept
System Size (large)
Scalable Readout
Unit (SRU)
FE ASIC
Front-end Adapter
Card (FEC)
FE ASIC
FE ASIC
FE ASIC
FE ASIC
Front-end Adapter
Card (FEC)
FE ASIC
Front-end Adapter
Card (FEC)
DETECTOR
Eurocrate
1/10/40.. Gb Ethernet (opt. DDL/S-Link/…)
on
-det
ecto
r o
ff-d
etec
tor
DTC Link (Data,Trigger&Control)
ATCA-SRS
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 31
Scalability Concept
Application Scalable Readout
Unit (SRU)
FE ASIC
1
Front-end Card (FEC)
FE ASIC
2
FE ASIC
2
FE ASIC
3
FE ASIC
3
Front-end Card (FEC)
FE ASIC
1
Front-end Card (FEC)
Front-end Adapter Card 1
Front-end Adapter Card 2
Front-end Adapter Card 3
DETECTOR 1 DETECTOR 2
Eurocrate
on
-det
ecto
r o
ff-d
etec
tor
Front-end (FPGA) card
Adapter Card • ADC / digital / optical /…
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 32
SRS – Digital Processing
Eth
ern
et C
ore
DTC
Lin
k
Clock UnitTest & Init
SC C
ore
Dat
a p
ath
SC BUS
Monitoring System SC
App Slow Control
Readout Control
FE CardInterface
DataProcessor
PacketBuilder
Application Layer (Reconfigurable partition*)
System Layer (Fixed partition)
Eth
ern
et C
ore
DTC
Lin
k
Clock UnitTest & Init
SC C
ore
Dat
a p
ath
SC BUS
Monitoring System SC
App Slow Control
Readout Control
FE CardInterface
DataProcessor
PacketBuilder Et
her
net
Co
reD
TCLi
nk
Clock UnitTest & Init
SC C
ore
Dat
a p
ath
SC BUS
Monitoring System SC
App Slow Control
Readout Control
FE CardInterface
DataProcessor
PacketBuilder
Application Layer (Reconfigurable partition*)
System Layer (Fixed partition)
• Signal processing
• Zero-suppression
• Feature extraction
• Packet/Event builder
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 33
SRS Overview
Chip Carriers
Sin
gle
Mas
ter
Slav
e
On-detector
front-end
hybrids
• APV25
• VFAT
• BEETLE
• …
Front-end adapter
(FE-specific)
• ADC card
• digital FE card (VFAT)
• GBT receiver
• …
Front-end FPGA card
(SRS standard)
modular firmware:
•SRS control
•application specific
DTC
GbE
to DAQ (small/ medium size system)
to SRU (large-size system)
Chip-links
• HDMI
- analog (APV/Beetle)
- digital (VFAT/Beetle)
• optical (GBT. …)
•…
03/02/2014
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected] 34