Elements and The Elements and The Periodic TablePeriodic Table

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0zION8xjbM&feature=related

Amazing!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUDDiWtFtEM

Metals-left of the staircase-good conductors of heat/electricity-ductile and malleable-shiny and usually silver coloured-all solid except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals-right of the staircase-poor conductors of heat/electricity, solids, some are gases and one (bromine) is a liquid

Metalloids-touch the staircase except Aluminum (metal)-properties are a mix of metal and non-metal properties

Metals/Nonmetals and Metals/Nonmetals and MetalloidsMetalloids

Since they have the same number of valence electrons

Pattern for the Number of Valence electrons

Periodic table familiesPeriodic table families

HydrogenHydrogen(A class of it’s own)(A class of it’s own)

• Physical properties of non-metals but chemical properties of metals

Group 1: Alkali MetalsGroup 1: Alkali Metals• 1 valence electron (electrons in their outermost shell)• Soft, shiny, solids at room temperature that can

easily be cut with a knife• The most reactive metals• React violently with water (stored in oil or a vacuum)• React with halogens to form salts

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Group 2: Alkaline Earth MetalsMetals

• 2 valence electrons• Light, reactive metals,

solids at room temperature

• React with oxygen to form oxides

• React with hydrogen to make hydride (except Be)

• React with water to release hydrogen gas

Groups 3-12: Transition Groups 3-12: Transition MetalsMetals

• Usually multivalent• Strong, hard metals, high melting points• Good conductors of heat and electricity• Most react with oxygen to make oxides some react with

acids to release hydrogen gas• Wide range of chemical and physical properties

Group 17: HalogensGroup 17: Halogens

• 7 valence electrons• May be

solids/liquids/gases at room temperature

• Dull and do not conduct electricity

• Extremely reactive nonmetals (reacts with hydrogen and other metals)

Group 18: Noble GasesGroup 18: Noble Gases

• Full outer shell• Extremely unreactive

(inert)• Gases at room

temperature with low melting/boiling points

• Kr, Xe, Rn can be forced to make compounds with F

• Rn is radioactive

Lanthanides Lanthanides (Rare Earth (Rare Earth

Metals)Metals)• Elements 57-70

ActinidesActinides• Elements 89-102Transuranic Elements: Synthetic (not naturally

occurring) elements (elements 93+)

Representative ElementsRepresentative Elements• Elements from Group 1-2 and 13-18• Many form colourful compounds

Lewis Dot SymbolLewis Dot Symbol

Lewis dot diagram- shows only the valence electrons (place an electron in each Lewis dot diagram- shows only the valence electrons (place an electron in each direction then double up if there are more than four)direction then double up if there are more than four)

Practice!Practice!• P. 33 #1-6

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGM-wSKFBpo&feature=related

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1TfPDlA1xE