Elements and Their Elements and Their CombinationsCombinations

By Mrs. ClarkBy Mrs. Clark

June 26, 2007June 26, 2007

Section I:Section I:Atoms and ElementsAtoms and Elements

MatterMatterAll matter is made up of atoms, which may All matter is made up of atoms, which may

combine to form molecules.combine to form molecules.

Water Molecules!!!!

http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/water/images/molecules_md.jpg

An atom is the smallest particle of an An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element that still has the properties of that element.element.

Example:Example:

An atom is to an element as An atom is to an element as gold dust is to a gold nugget.gold dust is to a gold nugget.

http://www.gimizu.de/sgmcol/gems/gold.png

The parts of an atom include:The parts of an atom include:

a central structure called the nucleus which a central structure called the nucleus which holds the protons and neutronsholds the protons and neutrons

parts that orbit the nucleus, which are called parts that orbit the nucleus, which are called electrons.electrons.

Organization of AtomsOrganization of Atoms

Each element is made of one kind of atom.Each element is made of one kind of atom.Atoms can be organized in sheets or they Atoms can be organized in sheets or they

can bond tightly to other atoms.can bond tightly to other atoms.

http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/d/db/333px-Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.png

Elements Alone and JoinedElements Alone and Joined

Elements join to form compounds.Elements join to form compounds.Compounds are pure substances made of Compounds are pure substances made of

two or more elements that are chemically two or more elements that are chemically combined.combined.

Table salt is an example of a compound Table salt is an example of a compound created from the elements sodium and created from the elements sodium and chloride.chloride.

““Seeing” AtomsSeeing” Atoms

Scientists have developed instruments Scientists have developed instruments that can create images of atoms and that can create images of atoms and molecules that show that they are well-molecules that show that they are well-organized.organized.

http://w3.salemstate.edu/~pkelly/sem/image003.jpg

Section II:Section II:The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table

What is the Periodic Table?What is the Periodic Table?

Mendeleyev’s TableMendeleyev’s TableElements are arranged by increasing Elements are arranged by increasing

mass. mass. Elements with similar properties are in the Elements with similar properties are in the

same columns.same columns.Scientists all over the world use this same Scientists all over the world use this same

table.table.

Periodic Table DetailsPeriodic Table Details

Chemical symbols: abbreviations of Chemical symbols: abbreviations of element’s nameelement’s name

Metallic Properties:Metallic Properties:

MetalsMetals

NonmentalsNonmentals

SemimetalsSemimetals

Noble gasesNoble gases

Section III:Section III:Where are Elements Found?Where are Elements Found?

Element LocationsElement Locations

Some elements are rare and others are Some elements are rare and others are common.common.

Of the 100 known elements, only 8 of the Of the 100 known elements, only 8 of the make up 99% of the Earth’s crust.make up 99% of the Earth’s crust.

Some elements can only exist for a few Some elements can only exist for a few seconds.seconds.

MoleculesMolecules

A A moleculemolecule is a group of is a group of two or more two or more atomsatoms that are that are chemically joinedchemically joined and and that act as a single unit.that act as a single unit.

An An exampleexample of a molecule is of a molecule is waterwater which which is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen.is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen.

Carbon CompoundsCarbon Compounds

““Carbon forms more compounds than all Carbon forms more compounds than all but one other element, hydrogen.”but one other element, hydrogen.”

HydrocarbonsHydrocarbonsPlasticsPlasticsCarbohydratesCarbohydratesProteinsProteinsLipidsLipidsNucleic acidsNucleic acids

Unit QuestionsUnit Questions

How are atoms related to matter?How are atoms related to matter?How are atoms related to elements?How are atoms related to elements?How are atoms and molecules related and How are atoms and molecules related and

organized? organized?

BibliographyBibliography Answers.comAnswers.com

http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/d/db/333px-Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.pnghttp://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/d/db/333px-Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.png Atomic structuresAtomic structures

National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/water/images/molecules_md.jpghttp://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/water/images/molecules_md.jpg Water moleculesWater molecules

Smithsonian Gem and Mineral CollectionSmithsonian Gem and Mineral Collection http://www.gimizu.de/sgmcol/gems/gold.pnghttp://www.gimizu.de/sgmcol/gems/gold.png Gold bar, coin and dustGold bar, coin and dust

Salem State CollegeSalem State College http://w3.salemstate.edu/~pkelly/sem/image003.jpghttp://w3.salemstate.edu/~pkelly/sem/image003.jpg Scanning electron microscopeScanning electron microscope