elements, compounds, and mixtures. 1. elements - ________________________________________________...
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Elements, Compounds,and Mixtures
1. Elements - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
a pure substance made up of only one kind of atomor particle
A. Each element has its own __________________________.characteristic properties1. _____________________________2. _____________________________3. _____________________________4. _____________________________5. _____________________________
Melting pointBoiling pointDensityElectric and thermal conductivityChemical reactivity
B. Elements can be one of three types: 1. Metals - _______________________________________________
Ex: _________________________________________________ 2. Nonmetals - ___________________________________________
Ex: _________________________________________________ 3. Metalloids - ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
Ex: _________________________________________________
shiny, good conductors, malleable, ductile
dull, poor conductors, brittle, unmalleable
Properties are in between metals and nonmetals:semiconductors, some are shiny, some are not, somewhat ductile and somewhat malleable
gold, silver, iron, calcium, lithium, uranium, platinum
sulfur, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, chlorine, neon, helium
silicon, boron, antimony, arsenic, germanium, tellurium
The atomic number is the number of ________________ in the nucleus ofall atoms of that particular element. Most of the elements are ____________.
protonsmetals
2. Compounds - __________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ex: _________________________________________________________
a pure substance composed of 2 or moreelements that are chemically combined
table salt, sugar, carbon dioxide, water, baking sodaA. Each compound has its elements combined in a ______________________________. For example, in every molecule of water, thereare ____ atoms of ______________ for every one atom of _________.
definiteratio
2 hydrogen oxygen
This ratio is also based on the _____________of the elements. For water, the ratio of hydrogento oxygen by mass is ____ to____. Look at theperiodic table above. What is the mass of hydrogen? ____ Multiply that by the number ofatoms of hydrogen. ____ What is the mass of oxygen? ___ What is the ratio of hydrogen tooxygen? ___ to ___. What does that reduce to?___ to ____.
1 8
12
162 16
1 8
B. Each compound has a unique set of ______________, just like eachelement does. These are both _________________ and _____________properties. These properties are different from the properties of the_________________ that make up the compound.
propertiesphysical chemical
elements
mass
For example, ______________ is a colorless, odorless gas that supportsburning. ______________ is a colorless, odorless gas that is highlyexplosive. When chemically combined, they make ___________, a stableliquid compound.
oxygenHydrogen
water
+ =
C. Compounds cannot be broken down by ________________ changes._____________ or ______________ a substance will not break it down.It can only be broken down into its ________________ by a chemicalchange. One way to do this is through __________________ where anelectric current is passed through the substance, causing it to separateinto its _______________ (as in separating ____________ into ___________and _______________.
physicalCrushing filtering
elementselectrolysis
elements water oxygenhydrogen
3. Mixtures - ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
a combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined
Examples: ____________________________________________________
*Substances in a mixture keep their ____________ _____________.*Substances in a mixture can be _________________ ________________.
Salt water, tossed salad, granite, blood, brass
original propertiesphysically separated
Ex: How would you separate a mixture of sand, salt, and iron filings?
Answer: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Run a magnet through the mixture to remove the iron.Add water to the remaining mixture to dissolve the salt. Filter thesalt water – sand mixture to remove the sand. Evaporate off the waterto get the salt.
*Substances in a mixture do not have a _______________ ______________.Ex: One salad could have more _________________ or _________________than another salad, but both are still salads.
definite ratiotomatoes cucumbers
A. Solution - ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
a mixture that appears to be a single substance but is composed of particles of 2 or more substances that are evenly distributed amongst each other.
*Solutions are ______________________, meaning they are the samethroughout the sample. The particles are so small that they cannot beseparated by ______________________ and they never ______________________. They also do not _______________ _________________.
homogeneous
filtering settleout scatter light
*Many solutions are _________________ such as _______ ___________or ____________ _____________, but they may also be ______________like _________________________________ or __________________________________. They could also be ______like ___________, or a combination of liquid and gas such as _________,a solution of the gas ____________ ____________ in flavored _______________________.
liquid salt waterapple juice solidbronze (a mixture of zinc and copper)
steel (a mixture of iron and carbon) gasair soda
carbon dioxide sugarwater
*Solute: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________*Solvent: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________*Concentration: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
the substance that is dissolved (whose particles are in the smalleramountthe substance in which the solute is dissolved (whose particlesare in the larger amount)
a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent,often measured in grams of solute per liter of solvent
Solubility: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
the amount of solute needed to make a saturated solution usinga given solvent at a certain temperature.
Types of concentrations:1. Dilute - __________________________________________________2. Concentrated - ___________________________________________
___________________________________________3. Saturated solution - _______________________________________
___________________________________________
containing less solute than another solution of the same typecontaining more solute than another solution of the same type
a solution that contains all the solute it can holdat a given temperature.
For most solids, the solubility _______________ as the temperature___________.For gases, the solubility _________________ as the temperature _____________.
increases increasesdecreases increases
Temperature
Gra
ms
of s
olut
epe
r 10
0g o
f so
lven
t What can make a solid solute dissolvefaster?1. __________________________2. __________________________3. __________________________
HeatingCrushing
Mixing
B. Suspensions - __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ex: ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
a mixture in which particles of a material are dispersedthroughout the liquid or gas but are large enough that they settle out. Suspensions are heterogeneous.
blood, muddy pond water, Italian salad dressing that has beenshaken
C. Colloids - ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
a mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughoutbut are not heavy enough to settle out.
Ex: ______________________________________________________Fog, jello, whipped cream, milk, mayonnaise
*Colloids particles are large enough to _____________ _____________ buttoo small to be _________________ or to ____________ __________.
scatter lightfiltered settle out
1. Elements - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A. Each element has its own __________________________.1. _____________________________2. _____________________________3. _____________________________4. _____________________________5. _____________________________
B. Elements can be one of three types: 1. Metals - _______________________________________________
Ex: _________________________________________________ 2. Nonmetals - ___________________________________________
Ex: _________________________________________________ 3. Metalloids - ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
Ex: _________________________________________________
The atomic number is the number of ________________ in the nucleus ofall atoms of that particular element. Most of the elements are ____________.
2. Compounds - __________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ex: _________________________________________________________
A. Each compound has its elements combined in a ______________________________. For example, in every molecule of water, thereare ____ atoms of ______________ for every one atom of _________.
This ratio is also based on the _____________of the elements. For water, the ratio of hydrogento oxygen by mass is ____ to____. Look at theperiodic table above. What is the mass of hydrogen? ____ Multiply that by the number ofatoms of hydrogen. ____ What is the mass of oxygen? ___ What is the ratio of hydrogen tooxygen? ___ to ___. What does that reduce to?___ to ____.
B. Each compound has a unique set of ______________, just like eachelement does. These are both _________________ and _____________properties. These properties are different from the properties of the_________________ that make up the compound.
For example, ______________ is a colorless, odorless gas that supportsburning. ______________ is a colorless, odorless gas that is highlyexplosive. When chemically combined, they make ___________, a stableliquid compound.
+ =
C. Compounds cannot be broken down by ________________ changes._____________ or ______________ a substance will not break it down.It can only be broken down into its ________________ by a chemicalchange. One way to do this is through __________________ where anelectric current is passed through the substance, causing it to separateinto its _______________ (as in separating ____________ into ___________and _______________.
3. Mixtures - ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Examples: ____________________________________________________
*Substances in a mixture keep their ____________ _____________.*Substances in a mixture can be _________________ ________________.
Ex: How would you separate a mixture of sand, salt, and iron filings?
Answer: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
*Substances in a mixture do not have a _______________ ______________.Ex: One salad could have more _________________ or _________________than another salad, but both are still salads.
A. Solution - ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
*Solutions are ______________________, meaning they are the samethroughout the sample. The particles are so small that they cannot beseparated by ______________________ and they never ______________________. They also do not _______________ _________________.
*Many solutions are _________________ such as _______ ___________or ____________ _____________, but they may also be ______________like _________________________________ or __________________________________. They could also be ______like ___________, or a combination of liquid and gas such as _________,a solution of the gas ____________ ____________ in flavored _______________________.
*Solute: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________*Solvent: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________*Concentration: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Solubility: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Types of concentrations:1. Dilute - __________________________________________________2. Concentrated - ___________________________________________
___________________________________________3. Saturated solution - _______________________________________
___________________________________________
For most solids, the solubility _______________ as the temperature___________.For gases, the solubility _________________ as the temperature _____________.
Temperature
Gra
ms
of s
olut
epe
r 10
0g o
f so
lven
t What can make a solid solute dissolvefaster?1. __________________________2. __________________________3. __________________________
B. Suspensions - __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ex: ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
.
C. Colloids - ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ex: ______________________________________________________
*Colloids particles are large enough to _____________ _____________ buttoo small to be _________________ or to ____________ __________.